40 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.40",
"source": "וַיִּקַּ֨ח מַקְל֜וֹ בְּיָד֗וֹ וַיִּבְחַר־ל֣וֹ חֲמִשָּׁ֣ה חֲ[c]לֻּקֵֽי־אֲבָנִ֣ים ׀ מִן־הַנַּ֡חַל וַיָּ֣שֶׂם אֹ֠תָם בִּכְלִ֨י הָרֹעִ֧ים אֲשֶׁר־ל֛וֹ וּבַיַּלְק֖וּט וְקַלְּע֣וֹ בְיָד֑וֹ וַיִּגַּ֖שׁ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽי׃",
"text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* *maqlô* in-*yādô* and *wayyibḥar*-to-him five *ḥalluqê*-*ʾăbānîm* from-the-*naḥal* and *wayyāśem* *ʾōtām* in-*kəlî* the-*rōʿîm* which-to-him and-in-the-*yalqûṭ* and-*qallʿô* in-*yādô*; and *wayyigaš* to-the-*pəlištî*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *lqḥ* - and he took",
"*maqlô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his staff",
"*yādô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*wayyibḥar*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *bḥr* - and he chose",
"*ḥalluqê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - smooth",
"*ʾăbānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - stones",
"*naḥal*": "noun, masculine singular - brook/stream/wadi",
"*wayyāśem*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *śym* - and he put",
"*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*kəlî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - vessel/tool",
"*rōʿîm*": "Qal active participle of *rʿh*, masculine plural - shepherds",
"*yalqûṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - pouch/bag",
"*qallʿô*": "noun, feminine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sling",
"*wayyigaš*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ngš* - and he approached",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine"
},
"variants": {
"*maqlô*": "his staff/his rod/his stick",
"*wayyibḥar*": "chose/selected/picked out",
"*ḥalluqê*": "smooth/flat/rounded",
"*naḥal*": "brook/stream/wadi/riverbed",
"*kəlî*": "vessel/implement/container",
"*rōʿîm*": "shepherds/those who tend sheep",
"*yalqûṭ*": "pouch/bag/shepherd's bag",
"*qallʿô*": "his sling/his slingshot",
"*wayyigaš*": "approached/drew near/stepped forward"
}
}
41 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.41",
"source": "וַיֵּ֙לֶךְ֙ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י הֹלֵ֥ךְ וְקָרֵ֖ב אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד וְהָאִ֛ישׁ נֹשֵׂ֥א הַצִּנָּ֖ה לְפָנָֽיו׃",
"text": "And *wayyēlek* the-*pəlištî* *hōlēk* and-*qārēb* to-*dāwid*, and-the-*ʾîš* *nōśēʾ* the-*ṣinnâ* before-him.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyēlek*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *hlk* - and he went",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*hōlēk*": "Qal active participle of *hlk*, masculine singular - going/walking",
"*qārēb*": "Qal active participle of *qrb*, masculine singular - approaching/drawing near",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*nōśēʾ*": "Qal active participle of *nśʾ*, masculine singular - carrying/bearing",
"*ṣinnâ*": "noun, feminine singular - large shield"
},
"variants": {
"*hōlēk*": "going/walking/proceeding",
"*qārēb*": "approaching/drawing near/advancing",
"*ʾîš*": "man/person/soldier",
"*nōśēʾ*": "carrying/bearing/holding",
"*ṣinnâ*": "large shield/body shield"
}
}
42 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.42",
"source": "וַיַּבֵּ֧ט הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י וַיִּרְאֶ֥ה אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד וַיִּבְזֵ֑הוּ כִּֽי־הָיָ֣ה נַ֔עַר וְאַדְמֹנִ֖י עִם־יְפֵ֥ה מַרְאֶֽה׃",
"text": "And *wayyabbēṭ* the-*pəlištî* and *wayyirʾeh* *ʾet*-*dāwid* and *wayyibzēhû*, for-*hāyâ* *naʿar* and-*ʾadmōnî* with-*yəpēh* *marʾeh*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyabbēṭ*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *nbṭ* - and he looked",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*wayyirʾeh*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *rʾh* - and he saw",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*wayyibzēhû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *bzh* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he despised him",
"*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *hyh* - he was",
"*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - youth/boy",
"*ʾadmōnî*": "adjective, masculine singular - ruddy/reddish",
"*yəpēh*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - beautiful/handsome",
"*marʾeh*": "noun, masculine singular - appearance"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyabbēṭ*": "looked/gazed/observed",
"*wayyirʾeh*": "saw/noticed/perceived",
"*wayyibzēhû*": "despised him/disdained him/looked down on him",
"*naʿar*": "youth/boy/young man",
"*ʾadmōnî*": "ruddy/reddish/of fair complexion",
"*yəpēh*": "handsome/beautiful/fair",
"*marʾeh*": "appearance/look/countenance"
}
}
43 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.43",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד הֲכֶ֣לֶב אָנֹ֔כִי כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה בָֽא־אֵלַ֖י בַּמַּקְל֑וֹת וַיְקַלֵּ֧ל הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בֵּאלֹהָֽיו׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the-*pəlištî* to-*dāwid*, \"?*keleb* *ʾānōkî* that-you *bāʾ*-to-me with-the-*maqlôt*?\" And *wayqallēl* the-*pəlištî* *ʾet*-*dāwid* by-*ʾĕlōhāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*keleb*": "noun, masculine singular - dog",
"*ʾānōkî*": "1st singular independent pronoun - I",
"*bāʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct of *bwʾ* - coming/approaching",
"*maqlôt*": "noun, masculine plural - staves/rods/sticks",
"*wayqallēl*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Piel imperfect of *qll* - and he cursed",
"*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his gods"
},
"variants": {
"*keleb*": "dog/contemptible person",
"*bāʾ*": "coming/approaching/attacking",
"*maqlôt*": "staves/sticks/clubs/rods",
"*wayqallēl*": "cursed/reviled/insulted",
"*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "his gods/his deities/his divine beings"
}
}
44 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.44",
"source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד לְכָ֣ה אֵלַ֔י וְאֶתְּנָה֙ אֶת־בְּשָׂ֣רְךָ֔ לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ ס",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the-*pəlištî* to-*dāwid*, \"*ləkâ* to-me, and *ʾettənâ* *ʾet*-*bəśārəkā* to-*ʿôp* the-*šāmayim* and-to-*behĕmat* the-*śādeh*. *s*\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ləkâ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular of *hlk* + directional he - come",
"*ʾettənâ*": "1st singular Qal imperfect cohortative of *ntn* - I will give",
"*bəśārəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your flesh",
"*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds/fowl",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens/sky",
"*behĕmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts/animals",
"*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field",
"*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text"
},
"variants": {
"*ləkâ*": "come/approach/go",
"*ʾettənâ*": "I will give/I will provide/I will offer",
"*bəśārəkā*": "your flesh/your body/your carcass",
"*ʿôp*": "birds/fowl/flying creatures",
"*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky",
"*behĕmat*": "beasts/animals/wildlife",
"*śādeh*": "field/open country/wilderness"
}
}
45 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.45",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אַתָּה֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י בְּחֶ֖רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֣ית וּבְכִיד֑וֹן וְאָנֹכִ֣י בָֽא־אֵלֶ֗יךָ בְּשֵׁם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֛י מַעַרְכ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵרַֽפְתָּ׃",
"text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *Dāwid* to-the-*pəlištî* you *bāʾ* to-me with-*ḥereb* and-with-*ḥănît* and-with-*kîdôn* and-I *bāʾ*-to-you in-*šēm* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* *ʾĕlōhê* *maʿărəkôt* *Yiśrāʾēl* whom you-have-*ḥēraptā*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - coming/approaching",
"*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword",
"*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular - spear",
"*kîdôn*": "noun, masculine singular - javelin/scimitar",
"*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - coming/approaching",
"*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)",
"*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of",
"*maʿărəkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - armies/ranks of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ḥēraptā*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have defied/taunted/reproached"
},
"variants": {
"*kîdôn*": "javelin/scimitar/short spear",
"*ṣəbāʾôt*": "armies/hosts/heavenly forces",
"*maʿărəkôt*": "battle lines/ranks/armies",
"*ḥēraptā*": "defied/taunted/reproached/insulted"
}
}
46 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.46",
"source": "הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֡ה יְסַגֶּרְךָ֩ יְהוָ֨ה בְּיָדִ֜י וְהִכִּיתִ֗ךָ וַהֲסִרֹתִ֤י אֶת־רֹֽאשְׁךָ֙ מֵעָלֶ֔יךָ וְנָ֨תַתִּ֜י פֶּ֣גֶר מַחֲנֵ֤ה פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְחַיַּ֣ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֛י יֵ֥שׁ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "the-*yôm* the-*zeh* *yəsaggerəkā* *YHWH* in-*yād*-my and-*hikkîtîkā* and-*hăsirōtî* *ʾet*-*rōʾš*-your from-upon-you and-*nātattî* *peger* *maḥănēh* *pəlištîm* the-*yôm* the-*zeh* to-*ʿôp* the-*šāmayim* and-to-*ḥayyat* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*yēdəʿû* all-the-*ʾāreṣ* that *yēš* *ʾĕlōhîm* to-*Yiśrāʾēl*",
"grammar": {
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this",
"*yəsaggerəkā*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - he will deliver you",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)",
"*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person suffix - my hand",
"*hikkîtîkā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will strike you",
"*hăsirōtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will remove",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your head",
"*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will give",
"*peger*": "noun, masculine singular construct - carcass/corpse of",
"*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp/army of",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines",
"*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds/fowl of",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens",
"*ḥayyat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts/animals of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land",
"*yēdəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will know",
"*yēš*": "existential particle - there is/exists",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*yəsaggerəkā*": "deliver you/shut you up/enclose you",
"*peger*": "corpse/carcass/dead body",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods (grammatically plural form used for singular deity)"
}
}
47 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.47",
"source": "וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־הַקָּהָ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־לֹ֛א בְּחֶ֥רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֖ית יְהוֹשִׁ֣יעַ יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֤י לַֽיהוָה֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְנָתַ֥ן אֶתְכֶ֖ם בְּיָדֵֽנוּ׃",
"text": "and-*yēdəʿû* all-the-*qāhāl* the-*zeh* that-not with-*ḥereb* and-with-*ḥănît* *yəhôšîaʿ* *YHWH* for to-*YHWH* the-*milḥāmāh* and-*nātan* *ʾetkem* in-*yād*-our",
"grammar": {
"*yēdəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will know",
"*qāhāl*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - assembly/congregation",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this",
"*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword",
"*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular - spear",
"*yəhôšîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he saves/delivers",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)",
"*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle/war",
"*nātan*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will give",
"*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you (plural)",
"*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st plural suffix - our hand"
},
"variants": {
"*qāhāl*": "assembly/congregation/group",
"*yəhôšîaʿ*": "saves/delivers/rescues",
"*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fight"
}
}