3 {
"verseID": "Daniel.1.3",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לְאַשְׁפְּנַ֖ז רַ֣ב סָרִיסָ֑יו לְהָבִ֞יא מִבְּנֵ֧י יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל וּמִזֶּ֥רַע הַמְּלוּכָ֖ה וּמִן־הַֽפַּרְתְּמִֽים׃",
"text": "*wayyōʾmer* the-*melekh* to-*ʾAshpənaz* *rabh* *sārîsāyw* to-*hābhîʾ* from-*bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* *ûmizzeraʿ* the-*məlûkhāh* *ûmin*-the-*partəmîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*melekh*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the king",
"*ʾAshpənaz*": "proper noun, masculine singular",
"*rabh*": "construct masculine singular - chief of",
"*sārîsāyw*": "noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his eunuchs/officials",
"*hābhîʾ*": "hiphil infinitive construct - to bring",
"*bənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel",
"*ûmizzeraʿ*": "conjunction + preposition + noun masculine singular construct - and from seed of",
"*məlûkhāh*": "noun feminine singular with definite article - the kingdom/royalty",
"*ûmin*": "conjunction + preposition - and from",
"*partəmîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the nobles/officials"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/and he commanded/and he ordered",
"*rabh*": "chief/master of",
"*sārîsāyw*": "his eunuchs/his officials/his chamberlains",
"*bənê*": "sons of/children of/descendants of",
"*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendants",
"*məlûkhāh*": "kingdom/royalty/royal line",
"*partəmîm*": "nobles/officials/aristocrats"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Daniel.1.4",
"source": "יְלָדִ֣ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֵֽין־בָּהֶ֣ם כָּל־מוּם֩ וְטוֹבֵ֨י מַרְאֶ֜ה וּמַשְׂכִּילִ֣ים בְּכָל־חָכְמָ֗ה וְיֹ֤דְעֵי דַ֙עַת֙ וּמְבִינֵ֣י מַדָּ֔ע וַאֲשֶׁר֙ כֹּ֣חַ בָּהֶ֔ם לַעֲמֹ֖ד בְּהֵיכַ֣ל הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וּֽלֲלַמְּדָ֥ם סֵ֖פֶר וּלְשׁ֥וֹן כַּשְׂדִּֽים׃",
"text": "*yəlādhîm* *ʾăsher* *ʾên*-in-them any-*mûm* and-*ṭôbhê* *marʾeh* *ûmaśkîlîm* in-all-*ḥokhmāh* and-*yōdhəʿê* *dhaʿath* *ûməbhînê* *maddāʿ* and-*ʾăsher* *kōaḥ* in-them to-*ʿămōdh* in-*hêkhal* the-*melekh* and-to-*ləlammədām* *sēpher* and-*ləshôn* *Kaśdîm*",
"grammar": {
"*yəlādhîm*": "noun masculine plural - youths/children",
"*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - who/which",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not",
"*mûm*": "noun masculine singular - blemish/defect",
"*ṭôbhê*": "adjective masculine plural construct - good of",
"*marʾeh*": "noun masculine singular - appearance",
"*ûmaśkîlîm*": "conjunction + hiphil participle masculine plural - and skilled/prudent",
"*ḥokhmāh*": "noun feminine singular - wisdom",
"*yōdhəʿê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - knowers of",
"*dhaʿath*": "noun feminine singular - knowledge",
"*ûməbhînê*": "conjunction + hiphil participle masculine plural construct - and understanders of",
"*maddāʿ*": "noun masculine singular - science/knowledge",
"*kōaḥ*": "noun masculine singular - strength/ability",
"*ʿămōdh*": "qal infinitive construct - to stand",
"*hêkhal*": "noun masculine singular - palace/temple",
"*melekh*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the king",
"*ləlammədām*": "preposition + piel infinitive construct + 3rd masculine plural suffix - to teach them",
"*sēpher*": "noun masculine singular - book/writing",
"*ləshôn*": "noun feminine singular - language/tongue",
"*Kaśdîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Chaldeans"
},
"variants": {
"*yəlādhîm*": "youths/children/young men",
"*mûm*": "blemish/defect/physical imperfection",
"*ṭôbhê marʾeh*": "good of appearance/handsome/attractive",
"*maśkîlîm*": "skilled/educated/insightful",
"*ḥokhmāh*": "wisdom/skill/expertise",
"*dhaʿath*": "knowledge/understanding/insight",
"*maddāʿ*": "science/knowledge/learning",
"*kōaḥ*": "strength/ability/capacity",
"*ʿămōdh*": "to stand/to serve/to minister",
"*hêkhal*": "palace/temple/court",
"*sēpher*": "book/writing/literature",
"*ləshôn*": "language/tongue/speech",
"*Kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans/Babylonians"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Daniel.1.5",
"source": "וַיְמַן֩ לָהֶ֨ם הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ דְּבַר־י֣וֹם בְּיוֹמ֗וֹ מִפַּת־בַּ֤ג הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ וּמִיֵּ֣ין מִשְׁתָּ֔יו וּֽלְגַדְּלָ֖ם שָׁנִ֣ים שָׁל֑וֹשׁ וּמִ֨קְצָתָ֔ם יַֽעַמְד֖וּ לִפְנֵ֥י הַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃",
"text": "*wayəman* to-them the-*melekh* *dəbhar*-*yôm* in-*yômô* from-*path*-*bagh* the-*melekh* and-from-*yêyn* *mishtāyw* and-to-*ghaddəlām* *shānîm* three and-from-*qətsāthām* *yaʿamdhû* before the-*melekh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayəman*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he appointed",
"*melekh*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the king",
"*dəbhar*": "construct masculine singular - matter/portion of",
"*yôm*": "noun masculine singular - day",
"*yômô*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its day",
"*path*": "construct feminine singular - portion of",
"*bagh*": "noun masculine singular construct - food of",
"*melekh*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the king",
"*yêyn*": "noun masculine singular - wine",
"*mishtāyw*": "noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his drinks",
"*ghaddəlām*": "piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to raise them",
"*shānîm*": "noun feminine plural - years",
"*qətsāthām*": "noun feminine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their end/term",
"*yaʿamdhû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will stand"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəman*": "and he appointed/and he assigned/and he allotted",
"*dəbhar-yôm bəyômô*": "daily portion/daily matter/day by day",
"*path-bagh*": "portion of food/delicacies/royal food",
"*mishtāyw*": "his drinks/his beverages",
"*ghaddəlām*": "to raise them/to nourish them/to train them",
"*qətsāthām*": "their end/after their completion/their term"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Daniel.1.6",
"source": "וַיְהִ֥י בָהֶ֖ם מִבְּנֵ֣י יְהוּדָ֑ה דָּנִיֵּ֣אל חֲנַנְיָ֔ה מִֽישָׁאֵ֖ל וַעֲזַרְיָֽה׃",
"text": "*wayəhî* among-them from-*bənê* *Yəhûdhāh* *Dāniyyēʾl* *Ḥănanyāh* *Mîshāʾēl* and-*ʿĂzaryāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayəhî*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and there was",
"*bənê*": "noun masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yəhûdhāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Judah",
"*Dāniyyēʾl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Daniel",
"*Ḥănanyāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hananiah",
"*Mîshāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Mishael",
"*ʿĂzaryāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Azariah"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəhî*": "and there was/and it came to pass/and there happened to be",
"*bənê*": "sons of/descendants of/children of"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Daniel.1.7",
"source": "וַיָּ֧שֶׂם לָהֶ֛ם שַׂ֥ר הַסָּרִיסִ֖ים שֵׁמ֑וֹת וַיָּ֨שֶׂם לְדָֽנִיֵּ֜אל בֵּ֣לְטְשַׁאצַּ֗ר וְלַֽחֲנַנְיָה֙ שַׁדְרַ֔ךְ וּלְמִֽישָׁאֵ֣ל מֵישַׁ֔ךְ וְלַעֲזַרְיָ֖ה עֲבֵ֥ד נְגֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*wayyāśem* to-them *śar* the-*sārîsîm* *shēmôth* *wayyāśem* to-*Dāniyyēʾl* *Bēlṭəshaʾtsar* and-to-*Ḥănanyāh* *Shadhrakh* and-to-*Mîshāʾēl* *Mêshakh* and-to-*ʿĂzaryāh* *ʿĂbhēdh Nəghô*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāśem*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he set/placed",
"*śar*": "noun masculine singular construct - chief of",
"*sārîsîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the eunuchs/officials",
"*shēmôth*": "noun masculine plural - names",
"*wayyāśem*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he set/placed",
"*Dāniyyēʾl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Daniel",
"*Bēlṭəshaʾtsar*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Belteshazzar",
"*Ḥănanyāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hananiah",
"*Shadhrakh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Shadrach",
"*Mîshāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Mishael",
"*Mêshakh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Meshach",
"*ʿĂzaryāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Azariah",
"*ʿĂbhēdh Nəghô*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Abed-Nego"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyāśem*": "and he set/and he assigned/and he gave",
"*śar*": "chief/prince/official",
"*sārîsîm*": "eunuchs/officials/court officers",
"*shēmôth*": "names/designations"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Daniel.1.8",
"source": "וַיָּ֤שֶׂם דָּנִיֵּאל֙ עַל־לִבּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יִתְגָּאַ֛ל בְּפַתְבַּ֥ג הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וּבְיֵ֣ין מִשְׁתָּ֑יו וַיְבַקֵּשׁ֙ מִשַּׂ֣ר הַסָּרִיסִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א יִתְגָּאָֽל׃",
"text": "*wayyāśem* *Dāniyyēʾl* upon-*libbô* *ʾăsher* not-*yithgāʾal* with-*pathbagh* the-*melekh* and-with-*yêyn* *mishtāyw* *wayəbhaqqēsh* from-*śar* the-*sārîsîm* *ʾăsher* not *yithgāʾāl*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāśem*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he set/placed",
"*Dāniyyēʾl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Daniel",
"*libbô*": "noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart",
"*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - that",
"*yithgāʾal*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he would defile himself",
"*pathbagh*": "noun masculine singular construct - food portion of",
"*melekh*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the king",
"*yêyn*": "noun masculine singular - wine",
"*mishtāyw*": "noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his drinks",
"*wayəbhaqqēsh*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he sought/requested",
"*śar*": "noun masculine singular construct - chief of",
"*sārîsîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the eunuchs/officials",
"*yithgāʾāl*": "hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he would defile himself"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyāśem ʿal-libbô*": "set in his heart/purposed/determined",
"*yithgāʾal*": "defile himself/pollute himself/make himself impure",
"*pathbagh*": "food portion/delicacies/royal food",
"*wayəbhaqqēsh*": "and he sought/and he requested/and he asked"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Daniel.1.9",
"source": "וַיִּתֵּ֤ן הָֽאֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־דָּ֣נִיֵּ֔אל לְחֶ֖סֶד וּֽלְרַחֲמִ֑ים לִפְנֵ֖י שַׂ֥ר הַסָּרִיסִֽים׃",
"text": "*wayyittēn* *hāʾĕlōhîm* *ʾeth*-*Dāniyyēʾl* to-*ḥesedh* and-to-*raḥămîm* before *śar* the-*sārîsîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyittēn*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he gave",
"*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the God",
"*ʾeth*": "direct object marker",
"*Dāniyyēʾl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Daniel",
"*ḥesedh*": "noun masculine singular - favor/kindness",
"*raḥămîm*": "noun masculine plural - compassion/mercy",
"*śar*": "noun masculine singular construct - chief of",
"*sārîsîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the eunuchs/officials"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyittēn*": "and he gave/and he granted",
"*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "the God/God (plural form with singular meaning in Hebrew)",
"*ḥesedh*": "favor/kindness/mercy/loyalty",
"*raḥămîm*": "compassion/mercy/pity"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Daniel.1.10",
"source": "וַיֹּ֜אמֶר שַׂ֤ר הַסָּרִיסִים֙ לְדָ֣נִיֵּ֔אל יָרֵ֤א אֲנִי֙ אֶת־אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מִנָּ֔ה אֶת־מַאֲכַלְכֶ֖ם וְאֶת־מִשְׁתֵּיכֶ֑ם אֲשֶׁ֡ר לָמָּה֩ יִרְאֶ֨ה אֶת־פְּנֵיכֶ֜ם זֹֽעֲפִ֗ים מִן־הַיְלָדִים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר כְּגִֽילְכֶ֔ם וְחִיַּבְתֶּ֥ם אֶת־רֹאשִׁ֖י לַמֶּֽלֶךְ׃",
"text": "*wayyōʾmer* *śar* the-*sārîsîm* to-*Dāniyyēʾl* *yārēʾ* I *ʾeth*-*ʾădhōnî* the-*melekh* *ʾăsher* *minnāh* *ʾeth*-*maʾăkhalkhem* and-*ʾeth*-*mishtêkhem* *ʾăsher* why *yirʾeh* *ʾeth*-*pənêkhem* *zōʿăphîm* from-the-*yəlādhîm* *ʾăsher* like-*gîlkhem* *wəḥiyyabhtem* *ʾeth*-*rōʾshî* to-the-*melekh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*śar*": "noun masculine singular construct - chief of",
"*sārîsîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the eunuchs/officials",
"*Dāniyyēʾl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Daniel",
"*yārēʾ*": "qal participle masculine singular - fearing",
"*ʾădhōnî*": "noun masculine singular with 1st common singular suffix - my lord",
"*melekh*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the king",
"*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - who",
"*minnāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he appointed",
"*maʾăkhalkhem*": "noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your food",
"*mishtêkhem*": "noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your drink",
"*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun",
"*yirʾeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he would see",
"*pənêkhem*": "noun masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your faces",
"*zōʿăphîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - looking sad/dejected",
"*yəlādhîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the youths",
"*gîlkhem*": "noun masculine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your age",
"*wəḥiyyabhtem*": "piel perfect with waw consecutive, 2nd masculine plural - and you would make guilty",
"*rōʾshî*": "noun masculine singular with 1st common singular suffix - my head"
},
"variants": {
"*yārēʾ*": "fearing/afraid of",
"*minnāh*": "appointed/designated/assigned",
"*maʾăkhalkhem*": "your food/your provision",
"*mishtêkhem*": "your drink/your beverage",
"*zōʿăphîm*": "looking sad/dejected/haggard/worse",
"*gîlkhem*": "your age/your generation",
"*wəḥiyyabhtem*": "and you would make guilty/and you would endanger/and you would forfeit"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Daniel.1.11",
"source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר דָּנִיֵּ֖אל אֶל־הַמֶּלְצַ֑ר אֲשֶׁ֤ר מִנָּה֙ שַׂ֣ר הַסָּֽרִיסִ֔ים עַל־דָּנִיֵּ֣אל חֲנַנְיָ֔ה מִֽישָׁאֵ֖ל וַעֲזַרְיָֽה׃",
"text": "*wayyōʾmer* *Dāniyyēʾl* to-the-*meltsar* *ʾăsher* *minnāh* *śar* the-*sārîsîm* over-*Dāniyyēʾl* *Ḥănanyāh* *Mîshāʾēl* and-*ʿĂzaryāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Dāniyyēʾl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Daniel",
"*meltsar*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the steward/guardian",
"*ʾăsher*": "relative pronoun - whom",
"*minnāh*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he appointed",
"*śar*": "noun masculine singular construct - chief of",
"*sārîsîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the eunuchs/officials",
"*Dāniyyēʾl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Daniel",
"*Ḥănanyāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Hananiah",
"*Mîshāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Mishael",
"*ʿĂzaryāh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Azariah"
},
"variants": {
"*meltsar*": "steward/overseer/guardian/supervisor"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Daniel.1.12",
"source": "נַס־נָ֥א אֶת־עֲבָדֶ֖יךָ יָמִ֣ים עֲשָׂרָ֑ה וְיִתְּנוּ־לָ֜נוּ מִן־הַזֵּרֹעִ֛ים וְנֹאכְלָ֖ה וּמַ֥יִם וְנִשְׁתֶּֽה׃",
"text": "*nas*-*nāʾ* *ʾeth*-*ʿăbhādhekhā* *yāmîm* ten and-*yittənû*-to-us from-the-*zērōʿîm* and-*nōʾkhlāh* and-*mayim* and-*nishteh*",
"grammar": {
"*nas*": "piel imperative, masculine singular - test",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please",
"*ʾeth*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿăbhādhekhā*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants",
"*yāmîm*": "noun masculine plural - days",
"*yittənû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural jussive - let them give",
"*zērōʿîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the vegetables/seeds",
"*nōʾkhlāh*": "qal imperfect cohortative, 1st common plural - let us eat",
"*mayim*": "noun masculine plural - water",
"*nishteh*": "qal imperfect cohortative, 1st common plural - let us drink"
},
"variants": {
"*nas*": "test/try/examine",
"*ʿăbhādhekhā*": "your servants/your slaves",
"*zērōʿîm*": "vegetables/seeds/plant foods"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Daniel.1.13",
"source": "וְיֵרָא֤וּ לְפָנֶ֙יךָ֙ מַרְאֵ֔ינוּ וּמַרְאֵה֙ הַיְלָדִ֔ים הָאֹ֣כְלִ֔ים אֵ֖ת פַּתְבַּ֣ג הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְכַאֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּרְאֵ֔ה עֲשֵׂ֖ה עִם־עֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃",
"text": "and-*yērāʾû* before-you *marʾênû* and-*marʾēh* the-*yəlādhîm* the-*ʾōkhlîm* *ʾēth* *pathbagh* the-*melekh* and-as *tirʾēh* *ʿăśēh* with-*ʿăbhādhekhā*",
"grammar": {
"*yērāʾû*": "niphal imperfect jussive, 3rd masculine plural - let them be seen",
"*marʾênû*": "noun masculine singular with 1st common plural suffix - our appearance",
"*marʾēh*": "noun masculine singular construct - appearance of",
"*yəlādhîm*": "noun masculine plural with definite article - the youths",
"*ʾōkhlîm*": "qal participle masculine plural with definite article - the ones eating",
"*ʾēth*": "direct object marker",
"*pathbagh*": "noun masculine singular construct - food portion of",
"*melekh*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the king",
"*tirʾēh*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will see",
"*ʿăśēh*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - do/act",
"*ʿăbhādhekhā*": "noun masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants"
},
"variants": {
"*yērāʾû*": "let them be seen/let them appear",
"*marʾênû*": "our appearance/our countenance",
"*ʾōkhlîm*": "ones eating/consumers",
"*pathbagh*": "food portion/delicacies/royal food"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Daniel.1.14",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע לָהֶ֖ם לַדָּבָ֣ר הַזֶּ֑ה וַיְנַסֵּ֖ם יָמִ֥ים עֲשָׂרָֽה׃",
"text": "*wayyishmaʿ* to-them to-the-*dābhār* the-this *wayənassēm* *yāmîm* ten",
"grammar": {
"*wayyishmaʿ*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he listened/heeded",
"*dābhār*": "noun masculine singular with definite article - the word/matter",
"*wayənassēm*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - and he tested them",
"*yāmîm*": "noun masculine plural - days"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyishmaʿ*": "and he listened/and he heeded/and he complied with",
"*dābhār*": "word/matter/request",
"*wayənassēm*": "and he tested them/and he tried them"
}
}