Ecclesiastes 12:2

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.12.2", "source": "עַ֠ד אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־תֶחְשַׁ֤ךְ הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ וְהָא֔וֹר וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ וְהַכּוֹכָבִ֑ים וְשָׁ֥בוּ הֶעָבִ֖ים אַחַ֥ר הַגָּֽשֶׁם׃", "text": "*ʿad* *ʾăšer* lō-*teḥšaḵ* ha-*šemeš* wə-hā-*ʾôr* wə-ha-*yārēaḥ* wə-ha-*kôḵāḇîm* wə-*šāḇû* he-*ʿāḇîm* *ʾaḥar* ha-*gāšem*", "grammar": { "*ʿad*": "preposition - until/before", "*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/when", "*teḥšaḵ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be darkened", "*šemeš*": "noun, feminine singular - sun", "*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular - light", "*yārēaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular - moon", "*kôḵāḇîm*": "noun, masculine plural - stars", "*šāḇû*": "qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have returned", "*ʿāḇîm*": "noun, masculine plural - clouds", "*ʾaḥar*": "preposition - after", "*gāšem*": "noun, masculine singular - rain" }, "variants": { "*teḥšaḵ*": "becomes dark/is darkened/grows dim", "*šāḇû*": "return/come back/recur" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

עַ֠ד אֲשֶׁ֨ר לֹֽא־תֶחְשַׁ֤ךְ הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ וְהָא֔וֹר וְהַיָּרֵ֖חַ וְהַכּוֹכָבִ֑ים וְשָׁ֥בוּ הֶעָבִ֖ים אַחַ֥ר הַגָּֽשֶׁם׃

Transliteration

ʿad ʾăšer lō-teḥšaḵ ha-šemeš wə-hā-ʾôr wə-ha-yārēaḥ wə-ha-kôḵāḇîm wə-šāḇû he-ʿāḇîm ʾaḥar ha-gāšem

Grammar Details

• *ʿad*: preposition - until/before
• *ʾăšer*: relative particle - which/when
• *teḥšaḵ*: qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - will be darkened
• *šemeš*: noun, feminine singular - sun
• *ʾôr*: noun, masculine singular - light
• *yārēaḥ*: noun, masculine singular - moon
• *kôḵāḇîm*: noun, masculine plural - stars
• *šāḇû*: qal perfect, 3rd person plural - they have returned
• *ʿāḇîm*: noun, masculine plural - clouds
• *ʾaḥar*: preposition - after
• *gāšem*: noun, masculine singular - rain

Word Meanings

• *teḥšaḵ*: becomes dark/is darkened/grows dim
• *šāḇû*: return/come back/recur

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  Before the sun, light, moon, and stars grow dark, and the clouds return after the rain.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  While the sun, or the light, or the moon, or the stars, be not darkened, nor the clouds return after the rain:

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  While the sun, or the light, or the moon, or the stars are not darkened, nor the clouds return after the rain.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  While the sun, or the light, or the moon, or the stars, be not darkened, nor the clouds return after the rain:

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  before the sun,{H8121} and the light,{H216} and the moon,{H3394} and the stars,{H3556} are darkened,{H2821} and the clouds{H5645} return{H7725} after{H310} the rain;{H1653}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  While the sun{H8121}, or the light{H216}, or the moon{H3394}, or the stars{H3556}, be not darkened{H2821}{(H8799)}, nor the clouds{H5645} return{H7725}{(H8804)} after{H310} the rain{H1653}:

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  before the Sonne, ye light, ye Moone and the starres be darckened, and or the cloudes turne agayne after the rayne:

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Whiles the sunne is not darke, nor ye light, nor the moone, nor the starres, nor the cloudes returne after the raine:

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Before the sunne, the light, the moone, and starres be darkened, and or the cloudes turne agayne after the rayne:

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  While the sun, or the light, or the moon, or the stars, be not darkened, nor the clouds return after the rain:

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  Before the sun, the light, the moon, and the stars are darkened, And the clouds return after the rain;

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  While that the sun is not darkened, and the light, And the moon, and the stars, And the thick clouds returned after the rain.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  before the sun, and the light, and the moon, and the stars, are darkened, and the clouds return after the rain;

• American Standard Version (1901)

  before the sun, and the light, and the moon, and the stars, are darkened, and the clouds return after the rain;

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  While the sun, or the light, or the moon, or the stars, are not dark, and the clouds come not back after the rain;

• World English Bible (2000)

  Before the sun, the light, the moon, and the stars are darkened, and the clouds return after the rain;

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  before the sun and the light of the moon and the stars grow dark, and the clouds disappear after the rain;

Referenced Verses

• Gen 27:1 : 1 { "verseID": "Genesis.27.1", "source": "וַיְהִי֙ כִּֽי־זָקֵ֣ן יִצְחָ֔ק וַתִּכְהֶ֥יןָ עֵינָ֖יו מֵרְאֹ֑ת וַיִּקְרָ֞א אֶת־עֵשָׂ֣ו ׀ בְּנ֣וֹ הַגָּדֹ֗ל וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ בְּנִ֔י וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֵלָ֖יו הִנֵּֽנִי׃", "text": "And *wayhiy* when *zāqēn* *yiṣḥāq*, and *watikhêynā* his *ʿēynāyw* from *mērĕʾōt*, and *wayyiqrāʾ* *ʾet*-*ʿēśāw* his *bĕnô* the *haggādōl*, and *wayyōʾmer* to him, my *bĕniy*, and *wayyōʾmer* to him, *hinnêniy*.", "grammar": { "*wayhiy*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass/it happened", "*zāqēn*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - became old/aged", "*yiṣḥāq*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Isaac", "*watikhêynā*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine plural - and they dimmed/grew dim", "*ʿēynāyw*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*mērĕʾōt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - from seeing", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he called", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ʿēśāw*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Esau", "*bĕnô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his son", "*haggādōl*": "definite article + adjective, masculine singular - the elder/older", "*wayyōʾmer*": "waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said", "*bĕniy*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my son", "*hinnêniy*": "interjection with 1st person singular suffix - here I am/behold me" }, "variants": { "*wayhiy*": "and it happened/and it came to pass/and it was", "*zāqēn*": "grew old/aged/became elderly", "*watikhêynā*": "grew dim/were darkened/weakened", "*mērĕʾōt*": "from seeing/so that he could not see", "*wayyiqrāʾ*": "called/summoned", "*haggādōl*": "the elder/the oldest/the greater", "*hinnêniy*": "here I am/behold me/I am here" } }
• Gen 48:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Genesis.48.10", "source": "וְעֵינֵ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ כָּבְד֣וּ מִזֹּ֔קֶן לֹ֥א יוּכַ֖ל לִרְא֑וֹת וַיַּגֵּ֤שׁ אֹתָם֙ אֵלָ֔יו וַיִּשַּׁ֥ק לָהֶ֖ם וַיְחַבֵּ֥ק לָהֶֽם", "text": "And *wĕʿênê* *yiśrāʾēl* *kābĕdû* from *mizzōqen* not *lōʾ* *yûkal* to *lirʾôt* and *wayyaggēš* *ʾōtām* to *ʾēlāyw* and *wayyiššaq* to *lāhem* and *wayĕḥabbēq* to *lāhem*", "grammar": { "*wĕʿênê*": "conjunction + noun, feminine dual construct - and eyes of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Israel", "*kābĕdû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd common plural - were heavy", "*mizzōqen*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - from old age", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*yûkal*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he was able", "*lirʾôt*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to see", "*wayyaggēš*": "waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he brought near", "*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them", "*ʾēlāyw*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to him", "*wayyiššaq*": "waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he kissed", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them", "*wayĕḥabbēq*": "waw-consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he embraced", "*lāhem*": "preposition + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - to them" }, "variants": { "*wĕʿênê*": "and the eyes of/vision of", "*kābĕdû*": "were heavy/dim/failing", "*mizzōqen*": "from old age/because of age", "*yûkal*": "was able/could/had ability", "*lirʾôt*": "to see/to perceive", "*wayyaggēš*": "and he brought near/presented/approached", "*wayyiššaq*": "and he kissed/showed affection to", "*wayĕḥabbēq*": "and he embraced/hugged" } }
• 1 Sam 3:2 : 2 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.3.2", "source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֔וּא וְעֵלִ֖י שֹׁכֵ֣ב בִּמְקֹמ֑וֹ וְעֵינָיו֙ הֵחֵ֣לּוּ כֵה֔וֹת לֹ֥א יוּכַ֖ל לִרְאֽוֹת׃", "text": "And *wayĕhî* in the *yôm* that, and *ʿĒlî* *šōkēb* in *bimqōmô*; and *ʿênāyw* *hēḥēllû* *kēhôt*, not *yûkal* to *lirʾôt*.", "grammar": { "*wayĕhî*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and it came to pass/happened", "*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day", "*ʿĒlî*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Eli", "*šōkēb*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - lying down", "*bimqōmô*": "preposition (bi-) + noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in his place", "*ʿênāyw*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eyes", "*hēḥēllû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - had begun/started", "*kēhôt*": "Qal infinitive construct - to grow dim/faint", "*yûkal*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - was able", "*lirʾôt*": "Qal infinitive construct with preposition (li-) - to see" }, "variants": { "*šōkēb*": "lying down/sleeping/resting", "*hēḥēllû*": "had begun/started/commenced", "*kēhôt*": "growing dim/failing/becoming weak", "*yûkal*": "was able/could/had capacity" } }
• 1 Sam 4:15 : 15 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.4.15", "source": "וְעֵלִ֕י בֶּן־תִּשְׁעִ֥ים וּשְׁמֹנֶ֖ה שָׁנָ֑ה וְעֵינָ֣יו קָ֔מָה וְלֹ֥א יָכ֖וֹל לִרְאֽוֹת׃", "text": "And-*'ēlî* son-of-*ben* ninety *tiš'îm* and-eight *ûšəmōneh* *šānāh* and-his-eyes *wə'ênāw* were-set *qāmāh* and-not *wəlō'* was-able *yākōl* to-see *lir'ôt*.", "grammar": { "*'ēlî*": "proper noun - Eli", "*ben*": "masculine singular construct - son of", "*tiš'îm*": "cardinal number - ninety", "*ûšəmōneh*": "conjunction + cardinal number - and eight", "*šānāh*": "feminine singular noun - year", "*wə'ênāw*": "conjunction + common dual noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and his eyes", "*qāmāh*": "qal perfect 3rd feminine singular - were set, fixed", "*wəlō'*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yākōl*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - was able", "*lir'ôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to see" }, "variants": { "*qāmāh*": "were set, were fixed, were stiff, were dim" } }
• 1 Sam 4:18 : 18 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.4.18", "source": "וַיְהִ֞י כְּהַזְכִּיר֣וֹ ׀ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֗ים וַיִּפֹּ֣ל מֵֽעַל־הַ֠כִּסֵּא אֲחֹ֨רַנִּ֜ית בְּעַ֣ד ׀ יַ֣ד הַשַּׁ֗עַר וַתִּשָּׁבֵ֤ר מַפְרַקְתּוֹ֙ וַיָּמֹ֔ת כִּֽי־זָקֵ֥ן הָאִ֖ישׁ וְכָבֵ֑ד וְה֛וּא שָׁפַ֥ט אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אַרְבָּעִ֥ים שָׁנָֽה׃", "text": "And *wə* *yəhî* as-*kəhazkîrô* *'et*-*'ărôn* the-*'ĕlōhîm* and *wə* *yippōl* from-upon-the-*kissē'* backward *'ăḥōrannît* beside *bə'ad* *yad* the-*ša'ar* and *wə* *tiššāvēr* his-*mapəraqtô* and *wə* *yāmōt* for-*kî*-old *zāqēn* the-*'îš* and-heavy *wəkāvēd* and-he *wəhû'* judged *šāpaṭ* *'et*-*yiśrā'ēl* forty *'arbā'îm* *šānāh*.", "grammar": { "*yəhî*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive jussive - it happened", "*kəhazkîrô*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - as he mentioned", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*'ărôn*": "masculine singular construct - ark of", "*'ĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the God", "*yippōl*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - he fell", "*kissē'*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the seat", "*'ăḥōrannît*": "adverb - backward", "*bə'ad*": "preposition - beside, through", "*yad*": "feminine singular construct - hand, side of", "*ša'ar*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the gate", "*tiššāvēr*": "niphal imperfect 3rd feminine singular consecutive - was broken", "*mapəraqtô*": "feminine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his neck", "*yāmōt*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular consecutive - he died", "*kî*": "conjunction - for, because", "*zāqēn*": "adjective masculine singular - old", "*'îš*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the man", "*wəkāvēd*": "conjunction + adjective masculine singular - and heavy", "*wəhû'*": "conjunction + 3rd masculine singular personal pronoun - and he", "*šāpaṭ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he judged", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*yiśrā'ēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*'arbā'îm*": "cardinal number - forty", "*šānāh*": "feminine singular noun - year" }, "variants": { "*kəhazkîrô*": "as he mentioned, when he spoke of", "*yippōl*": "he fell, he dropped", "*'ăḥōrannît*": "backward, backwards", "*bə'ad* *yad* *ša'ar*": "beside the side of the gate, by the gateway", "*tiššāvēr* *mapəraqtô*": "his neck was broken, his neck snapped", "*kāvēd*": "heavy, weighty" } }
• Ps 42:7 : 7 { "verseID": "Psalms.42.7", "source": "אֱ‍ֽלֹהַ֗י עָלַי֮ נַפְשִׁ֢י תִשְׁתּ֫וֹחָ֥ח עַל־כֵּ֗ן אֶ֭זְכָּרְךָ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ יַרְדֵּ֑ן וְ֝חֶרְמוֹנִ֗ים מֵהַ֥ר מִצְעָֽר׃", "text": "*ʾĕlōhay* upon-me *napšî* *tištôḥāḥ* upon-so *ʾezkārkā* from-*ʾereṣ* *yardēn* *wə*-*ḥermônîm* from-*har* *miṣʿār*", "grammar": { "*ʾĕlōhay*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person singular possessive suffix - 'my God'", "*napšî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st person singular possessive suffix - 'my soul'", "*tištôḥāḥ*": "verb, hitpael imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - 'is bowed down/is downcast'", "*ʾezkārkā*": "verb, qal imperfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - 'I will remember you'", "*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - 'land of'", "*yardēn*": "proper noun - 'Jordan'", "*wə*": "conjunction - 'and'", "*ḥermônîm*": "proper noun, plural - 'Hermons'", "*har*": "noun, masculine singular - 'mountain of'", "*miṣʿār*": "proper noun - 'Mizar/little one'" }, "variants": { "*ʾĕlōhay*": "my God/my gods", "*napšî*": "my soul/my being/myself", "*tištôḥāḥ*": "is bowed down/is downcast/is in despair", "*ʾezkārkā*": "I will remember you/I will mention you", "*ḥermônîm*": "Hermons/peaks of Hermon", "*miṣʿār*": "Mizar (proper name)/littleness/small mountain" } }
• Ps 71:20 : 20 { "verseID": "Psalms.71.20", "source": "אֲשֶׁ֤ר *הראיתנו **הִרְאִיתַ֨נִי ׀ צָר֥וֹת רַבּ֗וֹת וְרָ֫ע֥וֹת תָּשׁ֥וּב *תחיינו **תְּחַיֵּ֑ינִי וּֽמִתְּהֹמ֥וֹת הָ֝אָ֗רֶץ תָּשׁ֥וּב תַּעֲלֵֽנִי׃", "text": "Who *hirʾîtanî* *ṣārôt* *rabbôt* *wərāʿôt* *tāšûb* *təḥayyēnî* and from *təhōmôt* the *ʾāreṣ* *tāšûb* *taʿălēnî*", "grammar": { "*hirʾîtanî*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - 'you have shown me'", "*ṣārôt*": "noun, feminine plural - 'troubles/distresses'", "*rabbôt*": "adjective, feminine plural - 'many'", "*wərāʿôt*": "adjective, feminine plural with conjunction - 'and evil'", "*tāšûb*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - 'you will return'", "*təḥayyēnî*": "piel imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - 'revive me'", "*təhōmôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - 'depths of'", "*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - 'earth/land'", "*taʿălēnî*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - 'bring me up'" }, "variants": { "*hirʾîtanî*": "you have shown me/you have caused me to see/you have made me experience", "*ṣārôt*": "troubles/distresses/adversities", "*rabbôt*": "many/numerous/great", "*rāʿôt*": "evil/bad/harmful", "*tāšûb*": "you will return/you will turn/you will restore", "*təḥayyēnî*": "revive me/give me life/restore me to life", "*təhōmôt*": "depths/deep places/abysses", "*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground", "*taʿălēnî*": "bring me up/lift me up/raise me up" } }
• Ps 77:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Psalms.77.16", "source": "גָּאַ֣לְתָּ בִּזְר֣וֹעַ עַמֶּ֑ךָ בְּנֵי־יַעֲקֹ֖ב וְיוֹסֵ֣ף סֶֽלָה", "text": "*gāʾaltā* with-*zərôaʿ* *ʿammeḵā* *bənê*-*yaʿăqōḇ* and-*yôsēp̄* *selāh*", "grammar": { "*gāʾaltā*": "2nd person masculine singular qal perfect - you redeemed", "*zərôaʿ*": "feminine singular noun with prefixed beth - with arm", "*ʿammeḵā*": "masculine singular noun + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your people", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yaʿăqōḇ*": "proper name - Jacob", "*yôsēp̄*": "proper name - Joseph", "*selāh*": "musical or liturgical notation" }, "variants": { "*gāʾaltā*": "you redeemed/you rescued/you delivered", "*zərôaʿ*": "arm/strength/power", "*ʿammeḵā*": "your people/your nation", "*bənê*": "sons of/children of/descendants of", "*yaʿăqōḇ*": "Jacob/Israel", "*yôsēp̄*": "Joseph", "*selāh*": "musical pause/lift up/interlude" } }
• Eccl 11:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.11.7", "source": "וּמָת֖וֹק הָא֑וֹר וְט֥וֹב לַֽעֵינַ֖יִם לִרְא֥וֹת אֶת־הַשָּֽׁמֶשׁ׃", "text": "And-*māṯôq* the-*ʾôr* and-*ṭôḇ* to-the-*ʿênayim* to-*rĕʾôṯ* [direct object marker]-the-*šāmeš*", "grammar": { "*māṯôq*": "adjective, masculine singular - sweet", "*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular - light", "*ṭôḇ*": "adjective, masculine singular - good/pleasant", "*ʿênayim*": "noun, feminine dual - eyes", "*rĕʾôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - to see", "*šāmeš*": "noun, feminine singular - sun" }, "variants": { "*māṯôq*": "sweet/pleasant/delightful", "*ʾôr*": "light/daylight/dawn", "*ṭôḇ*": "good/pleasant/agreeable" } } 8 { "verseID": "Ecclesiastes.11.8", "source": "כִּ֣י אִם־שָׁנִ֥ים הַרְבֵּ֛ה יִחְיֶ֥ה הָאָדָ֖ם בְּכֻלָּ֣ם יִשְׂמָ֑ח וְיִזְכֹּר֙ אֶת־יְמֵ֣י הַחֹ֔שֶׁךְ כִּֽי־הַרְבֵּ֥ה יִהְי֖וּ כָּל־שֶׁבָּ֥א הָֽבֶל׃", "text": "Because if-*šānîm* *harbēh* *yiḥyeh* the-*ʾāḏām* in-all-of-them *yiśmāḥ* and-*yizkōr* [direct object marker]-*yĕmê* the-*ḥōšeḵ* because-*harbēh* *yihyû* all-that-*bāʾ* *hāḇel*", "grammar": { "*šānîm*": "noun, feminine plural - years", "*harbēh*": "adverb - many/much", "*yiḥyeh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will live", "*ʾāḏām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*yiśmāḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will rejoice", "*yizkōr*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will remember", "*yĕmê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - days of", "*ḥōšeḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness", "*yihyû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be", "*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - coming", "*hāḇel*": "noun, masculine singular - vapor/breath/vanity" }, "variants": { "*harbēh*": "many/much/great", "*ʾāḏām*": "man/human/mankind", "*ḥōšeḵ*": "darkness/obscurity/night", "*hāḇel*": "vapor/breath/vanity/meaninglessness" } }
• Isa 5:30 : 30 { "verseID": "Isaiah.5.30", "source": "וְיִנְהֹ֥ם עָלָ֛יו בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא כְּנַהֲמַת־יָ֑ם וְנִבַּ֤ט לָאָ֙רֶץ֙ וְהִנֵּה־חֹ֔שֶׁךְ צַ֣ר וָא֔וֹר חָשַׁ֖ךְ בַּעֲרִיפֶֽיהָ׃", "text": "And it will *wəyinhōm* against him in *bayyôm* *hahûʾ* like the *kənahamat*-*yām*; and one *wənibbaṭ* to the *lāʾāreṣ* and *wəhinnēh*-*ḥōšek* *ṣar* and *wāʾôr* is made *ḥāšak* in its *baʿărîpehā*.", "grammar": { "*wəyinhōm*": "conjunction with qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and it will growl", "*ʿālāyw*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - against him", "*bayyôm*": "preposition with definite article with masculine singular noun - in the day", "*hahûʾ*": "definite article with demonstrative pronoun - that", "*kənahamat*": "preposition with feminine singular construct - like the roaring of", "*yām*": "masculine singular noun - sea", "*wənibbat*": "conjunction with niphal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - and one looks", "*lāʾāreṣ*": "preposition with definite article with feminine singular noun - to the land/earth", "*wəhinnēh*": "conjunction with demonstrative particle - and behold", "*ḥōšek*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*ṣar*": "masculine singular adjective - distress", "*wāʾôr*": "conjunction with masculine singular noun - and light", "*ḥāšak*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - is darkened", "*baʿărîpehā*": "preposition with masculine plural noun with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - in its clouds" }, "variants": { "*yinhōm*": "growls/roars/makes noise", "*nahamat*": "roaring/growling/moaning", "*nibbat*": "looks/gazes/observes", "*ṣar*": "distress/trouble/adversity", "*ḥāšak*": "darkened/dimmed/obscured", "*ʿărîpehā*": "clouds/darkness/gloom" } }
• Ezek 32:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.32.7", "source": "וְכִסֵּיתִ֤י בְכַבּֽוֹתְךָ֙ שָׁמַ֔יִם וְהִקְדַּרְתִּ֖י אֶת־כֹּֽכְבֵיהֶ֑ם שֶׁ֚מֶשׁ בֶּעָנָ֣ן אֲכַסֶּ֔נּוּ וְיָרֵ֖חַ לֹא־יָאִ֥יר אוֹרֽוֹ׃", "text": "And *kissêtî* in *kabbôtĕkā* *shāmayim* and *hiqdartî* *'et*-*kôkĕbêhem* *shemesh* in *'ānān* *'ăkasennû* and *yārēaḥ* not-*yā'îr* *'ôrô*.", "grammar": { "*kissêtî*": "piel perfect 1cs - I will cover", "*kabbôtĕkā*": "infinitive construct piel with 2ms suffix - your being extinguished", "*shāmayim*": "masculine plural noun - heavens", "*hiqdartî*": "hiphil perfect 1cs - I will darken", "*'et*": "direct object marker", "*kôkĕbêhem*": "masculine plural noun with 3mp suffix - their stars", "*shemesh*": "feminine singular noun - sun", "*'ānān*": "masculine singular noun - cloud", "*'ăkasennû*": "piel imperfect 1cs with 3ms suffix - I will cover it", "*yārēaḥ*": "masculine singular noun - moon", "*yā'îr*": "hiphil imperfect 3ms - it will shine", "*'ôrô*": "masculine singular noun with 3ms suffix - its light" }, "variants": { "*kabbôtĕkā*": "your extinguishing/when you are extinguished/your extinction", "*hiqdartî*": "I will darken/I will cause to be dark", "*'ăkasennû*": "I will cover it/I will conceal it" } } 8 { "verseID": "Ezekiel.32.8", "source": "כָּל־מְא֤וֹרֵי אוֹר֙ בַּשָּׁמַ֔יִם אַקְדִּירֵ֖ם עָלֶ֑יךָ וְנָתַ֤תִּי חֹ֙שֶׁךְ֙ עַֽל־אַרְצְךָ֔ נְאֻ֖ם אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִֽה׃", "text": "All-*mĕ'ôrêy 'ôr* in the *shāmayim* *'aqdîrēm* upon you and *nātattî* *ḥōshek* upon-*'arṣĕkā* *nĕ'um* *'ădōnāy* *Yhwh*.", "grammar": { "*mĕ'ôrêy*": "construct state, masculine plural noun - lights of", "*'ôr*": "masculine singular noun - light", "*shāmayim*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the heavens", "*'aqdîrēm*": "hiphil imperfect 1cs with 3mp suffix - I will darken them", "*nātattî*": "qal perfect 1cs - I will place/put", "*ḥōshek*": "masculine singular noun - darkness", "*'arṣĕkā*": "feminine singular noun with 2ms suffix - your land", "*nĕ'um*": "construct state, masculine singular noun - utterance/declaration of", "*'ădōnāy*": "divine title - Lord/Master", "*Yhwh*": "divine name - YHWH/LORD" }, "variants": { "*mĕ'ôrêy 'ôr*": "lights of light/luminaries/bright lights", "*'aqdîrēm*": "I will darken them/I will make them dark", "*nĕ'um*": "utterance of/declaration of/says" } }