Exodus 34:20

biblecontext

{ "verseID": "Exodus.34.20", "source": "וּפֶ֤טֶר חֲמוֹר֙ תִּפְדֶּ֣ה בְשֶׂ֔ה וְאִם־לֹ֥א תִפְדֶּ֖ה וַעֲרַפְתּ֑וֹ כֹּ֣ל בְּכ֤וֹר בָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ תִּפְדֶּ֔ה וְלֹֽא־יֵרָא֥וּ פָנַ֖י רֵיקָֽם׃", "text": "*û-peṭer* *ḥămôr* *tipdeh* in-*śeh* *wə-ʾim*-*lōʾ* *tipdeh* *wa-ʿărapōt* all *bəkôr* *bānêkā* *tipdeh* *wə-lōʾ*-*yērāʾû* *pānay* *rêqām*", "grammar": { "*û-peṭer*": "conjunction + masculine singular construct - and firstborn of", "*ḥămôr*": "masculine singular - donkey", "*tipdeh*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall redeem", "*śeh*": "masculine singular - lamb", "*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tipdeh*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall redeem", "*wa-ʿărapōt*": "conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - then you shall break its neck", "*bəkôr*": "masculine singular construct - firstborn of", "*bānêkā*": "masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sons", "*tipdeh*": "Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall redeem", "*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not", "*yērāʾû*": "Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they shall be seen", "*pānay*": "masculine plural construct with 1st common singular suffix - my face", "*rêqām*": "adverb - empty-handed" }, "variants": { "*peṭer*": "firstborn/that which opens", "*tipdeh*": "redeem/ransom/buy back", "*ʿărapōt*": "break its neck/decapitate", "*yērāʾû*": "they shall appear/they shall be seen", "*pānay*": "my face/my presence", "*rêqām*": "empty-handed/without offering" } }

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וּפֶ֤טֶר חֲמוֹר֙ תִּפְדֶּ֣ה בְשֶׂ֔ה וְאִם־לֹ֥א תִפְדֶּ֖ה וַעֲרַפְתּ֑וֹ כֹּ֣ל בְּכ֤וֹר בָּנֶ֙יךָ֙ תִּפְדֶּ֔ה וְלֹֽא־יֵרָא֥וּ פָנַ֖י רֵיקָֽם׃

Transliteration

û-peṭer ḥămôr tipdeh in-śeh wə-ʾim-lōʾ tipdeh wa-ʿărapōt all bəkôr bānêkā tipdeh wə-lōʾ-yērāʾû pānay rêqām

Grammar Details

• *û-peṭer*: conjunction + masculine singular construct - and firstborn of
• *ḥămôr*: masculine singular - donkey
• *tipdeh*: Qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall redeem
• *śeh*: masculine singular - lamb
• *wə-ʾim*: conjunction + conditional particle - and if
• *lōʾ*: negative particle - not
• *wa-ʿărapōt*: conjunction + Qal perfect 2nd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - then you shall break its neck
• *bəkôr*: masculine singular construct - firstborn of
• *bānêkā*: masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your sons
• *wə-lōʾ*: conjunction + negative particle - and not
• *yērāʾû*: Niphal imperfect 3rd masculine plural - they shall be seen
• *pānay*: masculine plural construct with 1st common singular suffix - my face
• *rêqām*: adverb - empty-handed

Word Meanings

• *peṭer*: firstborn/that which opens
• *tipdeh*: redeem/ransom/buy back
• *ʿărapōt*: break its neck/decapitate
• *yērāʾû*: they shall appear/they shall be seen
• *pānay*: my face/my presence
• *rêqām*: empty-handed/without offering

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  You must redeem the firstborn of a donkey with a lamb, and if you do not redeem it, you are to break its neck. You must redeem all the firstborn of your sons. No one is to appear before Me empty-handed.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  But the firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb: and if thou redeem him not, then shalt thou break his neck. All the firstborn of thy sons thou shalt redeem. And none shall appear before me empty.

• KJV1611 – Modern English

  But the firstborn of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb, and if you do not redeem him, then you shall break his neck. All the firstborn of your sons you shall redeem. And none shall appear before me empty-handed.

• King James Version 1611 (Original)

  But the firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb: and if thou redeem him not, then shalt thou break his neck. All the firstborn of thy sons thou shalt redeem. And none shall appear before me empty.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  And the firstling{H6363} of an ass{H2543} thou shalt redeem{H6299} with a lamb:{H7716} and if thou wilt not redeem{H6299} it, then thou shalt break its neck.{H6202} All the first-born{H1060} of thy sons{H1121} thou shalt redeem.{H6299} And none shall appear{H7200} before{H6440} me empty.{H7387}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  But the firstling{H6363} of an ass{H2543} thou shalt redeem{H6299}{(H8799)} with a lamb{H7716}: and if thou redeem{H6299}{(H8799)} him not, then shalt thou break his neck{H6202}{(H8804)}. All the firstborn{H1060} of thy sons{H1121} thou shalt redeem{H6299}{(H8799)}. And none shall appear{H7200}{(H8735)} before{H6440} me empty{H7387}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  But the first of the asse thou shalt by out with a shepe, or yf thou redeme him not: se thou breake his necke. All the firstborne of thi sonnes thou must nedes redeme. And se that no ma appeare before me emptye.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  But the first of thyne Asse shalt thou bye out wt a shepe: yf thou redeme it not, then breake his necke. All the first borne of thy children shalt thou redeme. And se that no man appeare before me emptye.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  But ye first of ye asse thou shalt bie out with a lambe: and if thou redeeme him not, then thou shalt breake his necke: all the first borne of thy sonnes shalt thou redeeme, and none shal appeare before me emptie.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  But the firstling of the asse thou shalt bye out with a lambe: and if thou redeeme hym not, thou shalt breake his necke. All the first borne of thy sonnes thou shalt redeeme: & see that no man appeare before me emptie.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  But the firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb: and if thou redeem [him] not, then shalt thou break his neck. All the firstborn of thy sons thou shalt redeem. And none shall appear before me empty.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  The firstborn of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb: and if you will not redeem it, then you shall break its neck. All the firstborn of your sons you shall redeem. No one shall appear before me empty.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and the firstling of an ass thou dost ransom with a lamb; and if thou dost not ransom, then thou hast beheaded it; every first-born of thy sons thou dost ransom, and they do not appear before Me empty.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb: and if thou wilt not redeem it, then thou shalt break its neck. All the first-born of thy sons thou shalt redeem. And none shall appear before me empty.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  And the firstling of an ass thou shalt redeem with a lamb: and if thou wilt not redeem it, then thou shalt break its neck. All the first-born of thy sons thou shalt redeem. And none shall appear before me empty.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  A lamb may be given in payment for the young of an ass, but if you will not make payment for it, its neck will have to be broken. For all the first of your sons you are to make payment. No one is to come before me without an offering.

• World English Bible (2000)

  The firstborn of a donkey you shall redeem with a lamb: and if you will not redeem it, then you shall break its neck. All the firstborn of your sons you shall redeem. No one shall appear before me empty.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  Now the firstling of a donkey you may redeem with a lamb, but if you do not redeem it, then break its neck. You must redeem all the firstborn of your sons.“No one will appear before me empty-handed.

Referenced Verses

• Exod 23:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Exodus.23.15", "source": "אֶת־חַ֣ג הַמַּצּוֹת֮ תִּשְׁמֹר֒ שִׁבְעַ֣ת יָמִים֩ תֹּאכַ֨ל מַצּ֜וֹת כּֽ͏ַאֲשֶׁ֣ר צִוִּיתִ֗ךָ לְמוֹעֵד֙ חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽאָבִ֔יב כִּי־ב֖וֹ יָצָ֣אתָ מִמִּצְרָ֑יִם וְלֹא־יֵרָא֥וּ פָנַ֖י רֵיקָֽם׃", "text": "*ʾEt*-*ḥag* the-*maṣṣôt* *tišmōr* seven *yāmîm* *tōʾkal* *maṣṣôt* as-which *ṣiwwîtîkā* for-*môʿēd* *ḥōdeš* the-*ʾābîb* for-in-him *yāṣāʾtā* from-*miṣrāyim* and-not-*yērāʾû* *pānay* *rêqām*", "grammar": { "*ḥag*": "noun masculine singular construct - feast/festival", "*maṣṣôt*": "noun feminine plural - unleavened bread", "*tišmōr*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - keep/observe", "*yāmîm*": "noun masculine plural - days", "*tōʾkal*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - eat/consume", "*ṣiwwîtîkā*": "piel perfect 1st person common singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I commanded you", "*môʿēd*": "noun masculine singular construct - appointed time", "*ḥōdeš*": "noun masculine singular construct - month of", "*ʾābîb*": "noun masculine singular - ear/fresh grain (name of spring month)", "*yāṣāʾtā*": "qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular - you went out/came out", "*yērāʾû*": "niphal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - they shall appear/be seen", "*pānay*": "noun masculine plural construct with 1st person common singular suffix - my face/presence", "*rêqām*": "adverb - emptily/with empty hands" }, "variants": { "*ḥag ha-maṣṣôt*": "feast of unleavened bread/festival of matzot", "*tišmōr*": "keep/observe/guard/maintain", "*môʿēd*": "appointed time/season/festival", "*ʾābîb*": "ear/fresh grain/spring (month name, corresponding to March-April)", "*yērāʾû pānay*": "appear before me/be seen before my face", "*rêqām*": "emptily/with empty hands/without an offering" } }
• Deut 16:16 : 16 { "verseID": "Deuteronomy.16.16", "source": "שָׁל֣וֹשׁ פְּעָמִ֣ים ׀ בַּשָּׁנָ֡ה יֵרָאֶ֨ה כָל־זְכוּרְךָ֜ אֶת־פְּנֵ֣י ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֗יךָ בַּמָּקוֹם֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר יִבְחָ֔ר בְּחַ֧ג הַמַּצּ֛וֹת וּבְחַ֥ג הַשָּׁבֻע֖וֹת וּבְחַ֣ג הַסֻּכּ֑וֹת וְלֹ֧א יֵרָאֶ֛ה אֶת־פְּנֵ֥י יְהוָ֖ה רֵיקָֽם׃", "text": "*šālôš* *pəʿāmîm* *baššānâ* *yērāʾeh* *kol*-*zəkûrəkā* *ʾet*-*pənê* *YHWH* *ʾělōheykā* *bammāqôm* *ʾăšer* *yibḥār* *bəḥag* *hammaṣṣôt* *ûbəḥag* *haššābūʿôt* *ûbəḥag* *hassukkôt* *wəlōʾ* *yērāʾeh* *ʾet*-*pənê* *YHWH* *rêqām*", "grammar": { "*šālôš*": "feminine singular - three", "*pəʿāmîm*": "feminine plural noun - times", "*baššānâ*": "preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the year", "*yērāʾeh*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - shall appear", "*kol*": "construct - all of", "*zəkûrəkā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your males", "*ʾet*-*pənê*": "direct object marker + plural construct - the face of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*ʾělōheykā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God", "*bammāqôm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - in the place", "*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that", "*yibḥār*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will choose", "*bəḥag*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - in feast of", "*hammaṣṣôt*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the unleavened bread", "*ûbəḥag*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular construct - and in feast of", "*haššābūʿôt*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the weeks", "*ûbəḥag*": "conjunction + preposition + masculine singular construct - and in feast of", "*hassukkôt*": "definite article + feminine plural noun - the booths", "*wəlōʾ*": "conjunction + negation - and not", "*yērāʾeh*": "niphal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - shall appear", "*ʾet*-*pənê*": "direct object marker + plural construct - the face of", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*rêqām*": "adverb - empty-handed" }, "variants": { "*pəʿāmîm*": "times/instances/occurrences", "*yērāʾeh*": "appear/be seen/present oneself", "*zəkûrəkā*": "your males/men", "*pənê*": "face/presence/before", "*maṣṣôt*": "unleavened bread/flat cakes", "*šābūʿôt*": "weeks/sevens/periods of seven", "*sukkôt*": "booths/tabernacles/huts", "*rêqām*": "empty-handed/without a gift/without offering" } }
• Exod 13:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Exodus.13.15", "source": "וַיְהִ֗י כִּֽי־הִקְשָׁ֣ה פַרְעֹה֮ לְשַׁלְּחֵנוּ֒ וַיַּהֲרֹ֨ג יְהֹוָ֤ה כָּל־בְּכוֹר֙ בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם מִבְּכֹ֥ר אָדָ֖ם וְעַד־בְּכ֣וֹר בְּהֵמָ֑ה עַל־כֵּן֩ אֲנִ֨י זֹבֵ֜חַ לַֽיהוָ֗ה כָּל־פֶּ֤טֶר רֶ֙חֶם֙ הַזְּכָרִ֔ים וְכָל־בְּכ֥וֹר בָּנַ֖י אֶפְדֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wa-yəhî* *kî*-*hiqšāh* *parʿōh* *lə-šalləḥēnû* *wa-yaharōg* *YHWH* *kol*-*bəkôr* *bə-ʾereṣ* *Miṣrayim* *mi-bəkōr* *ʾādām* *wə-ʿad*-*bəkôr* *bəhēmāh* *ʿal*-*kēn* *ʾănî* *zōbēaḥ* *la-YHWH* *kol*-*peṭer* *reḥem* *ha-zəkārîm* *wə-kol*-*bəkôr* *bānay* *ʾepdeh*", "grammar": { "*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, apocopated - and it came to pass", "*kî*": "conjunction - when", "*hiqšāh*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - hardened/made difficult", "*parʿōh*": "proper noun - Pharaoh", "*lə-šalləḥēnû*": "preposition + Piel infinitive construct + 1st person common plural suffix - to send us away", "*wa-yaharōg*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, apocopated - and killed", "*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - LORD/Yahweh", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/every", "*bəkôr*": "noun, masculine singular - firstborn", "*bə-ʾereṣ*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in land of", "*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt", "*mi-bəkōr*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - from firstborn of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/human", "*wə-ʿad*": "conjunction + preposition - and to/until", "*bəkôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - firstborn of", "*bəhēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - animals/livestock", "*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/because of", "*kēn*": "adverb - thus/so", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*zōbēaḥ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - sacrifice/am sacrificing", "*la-YHWH*": "preposition + divine name - to/for the LORD/Yahweh", "*kol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all/every", "*peṭer*": "noun, masculine singular construct - that which opens", "*reḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - womb", "*ha-zəkārîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the males", "*wə-kol*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and all/every", "*bəkôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - firstborn of", "*bānay*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 1st person singular suffix - my sons", "*ʾepdeh*": "Qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I redeem" }, "variants": { "*wa-yəhî*": "and it came to pass/and it happened/and it was", "*hiqšāh*": "hardened/made difficult/was stubborn", "*lə-šalləḥēnû*": "to send us away/to let us go/to release us", "*wa-yaharōg*": "killed/slew/put to death", "*zōbēaḥ*": "sacrifice/offer/slaughter [as sacrifice]", "*ʾepdeh*": "I redeem/I ransom/I buy back" } }
• Num 18:15 : 15 { "verseID": "Numbers.18.15", "source": "כָּל־פֶּ֣טֶר רֶ֠חֶם לְֽכָל־בָּשָׂ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־יַקְרִ֧יבוּ לַֽיהוָ֛ה בָּאָדָ֥ם וּבַבְּהֵמָ֖ה יִֽהְיֶה־לָּ֑ךְ אַ֣ךְ ׀ פָּדֹ֣ה תִפְדֶּ֗ה אֵ֚ת בְּכ֣וֹר הָֽאָדָ֔ם וְאֵ֛ת בְּכֽוֹר־הַבְּהֵמָ֥ה הַטְּמֵאָ֖ה תִּפְדֶּֽה׃", "text": "All *peṭer-reḥem* for all *bāśār* which they *yaqrîbû* to *YHWH*, in *ʾādām* and in *bəhēmâ*, it *yihyeh-lāk*; *ʾak* *pādōh tipdeh* *ʾēt* *bəkôr* the *ʾādām*, and *ʾēt* *bəkôr* the *bəhēmâ* the *ṭəmēʾâ* you *tipdeh*.", "grammar": { "*peṭer-reḥem*": "construct singular - opener of womb, firstborn", "*bāśār*": "common noun, masculine singular - flesh, all living beings", "*yaqrîbû*": "hiphil imperfect 3rd person plural - they bring/offer/present", "*YHWH*": "proper name - divine name", "*ʾādām*": "common noun, masculine singular - humanity, mankind", "*bəhēmâ*": "common noun, feminine singular - beast, cattle, livestock", "*yihyeh-lāk*": "qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - it shall be yours", "*ʾak*": "restrictive particle - surely, only, nevertheless", "*pādōh tipdeh*": "infinitive absolute + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall certainly redeem", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*bəkôr*": "common noun, masculine singular construct - firstborn of", "*ṭəmēʾâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - unclean", "*tipdeh*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you shall redeem" }, "variants": { "*peṭer-reḥem*": "that which opens the womb, firstborn", "*bāśār*": "flesh, creature, living being, humanity", "*yaqrîbû*": "offer up, bring near, present", "*ʾādām*": "human being, mankind, person", "*bəhēmâ*": "beast, cattle, livestock, animal", "*ʾak*": "only, surely, nevertheless, however", "*pādōh tipdeh*": "you must certainly redeem, you shall absolutely redeem" } }
• Exod 13:13 : 13 { "verseID": "Exodus.13.13", "source": "וְכָל־פֶּ֤טֶר חֲמֹר֙ תִּפְדֶּ֣ה בְשֶׂ֔ה וְאִם־לֹ֥א תִפְדֶּ֖ה וַעֲרַפְתּ֑וֹ וְכֹ֨ל בְּכ֥וֹר אָדָ֛ם בְּבָנֶ֖יךָ תִּפְדֶּֽה׃", "text": "*wə-kol*-*peṭer* *ḥămōr* *tipdeh* *bə-śeh* *wə-ʾim*-*lōʾ* *tipdeh* *wa-ʿăraftô* *wə-kōl* *bəkôr* *ʾādām* *bə-bānêkā* *tipdeh*", "grammar": { "*wə-kol*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and all/every", "*peṭer*": "noun, masculine singular construct - that which opens", "*ḥămōr*": "noun, masculine singular - donkey", "*tipdeh*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall redeem", "*bə-śeh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - with a lamb/sheep", "*wə-ʾim*": "conjunction + conditional particle - and if", "*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not", "*tipdeh*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you will redeem", "*wa-ʿăraftô*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - then you shall break its neck", "*wə-kōl*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular construct - and all/every", "*bəkôr*": "noun, masculine singular construct - firstborn of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/human", "*bə-bānêkā*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - among your sons", "*tipdeh*": "Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall redeem" }, "variants": { "*peṭer ḥămōr*": "firstling of donkey/donkey that opens [the womb]", "*tipdeh*": "redeem/ransom/buy back", "*wa-ʿăraftô*": "break its neck/kill it by breaking its neck", "*bəkôr ʾādām*": "firstborn of man/human firstborn" } }
• Exod 13:10 : 10 { "verseID": "Exodus.13.10", "source": "וְשָׁמַרְתָּ֛ אֶת־הַחֻקָּ֥ה הַזֹּ֖את לְמוֹעֲדָ֑הּ מִיָּמִ֖ים יָמִֽימָה׃ ס", "text": "*wə-šāmartā* *ʾet*-*ha-ḥuqqāh* *ha-zōʾt* *lə-môʿădāh* *mi-yāmîm* *yāmîmāh*", "grammar": { "*wə-šāmartā*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall keep/observe", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ha-ḥuqqāh*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the statute/ordinance", "*ha-zōʾt*": "definite article + feminine singular demonstrative adjective - this", "*lə-môʿădāh*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - at its appointed time", "*mi-yāmîm*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - from days", "*yāmîmāh*": "noun, feminine singular, adverbial - to days/year after year" }, "variants": { "*šāmartā*": "keep/observe/guard", "*ḥuqqāh*": "statute/ordinance/decree", "*lə-môʿădāh*": "at its appointed time/in its season/at its designated time", "*mi-yāmîm yāmîmāh*": "from days to days/from year to year/at the appointed time annually" } }
• Num 3:45-51 : 45 { "verseID": "Numbers.3.45", "source": "קַ֣ח אֶת־הַלְוִיִּ֗ם תַּ֤חַת כָּל־בְּכוֹר֙ בִּבְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְאֶת־בֶּהֱמַ֥ת הַלְוִיִּ֖ם תַּ֣חַת בְּהֶמְתָּ֑ם וְהָיוּ־לִ֥י הַלְוִיִּ֖ם אֲנִ֥י יְהוָֽה׃", "text": "*Qaḥ* *ʾet*-the-*ləwiyyim* *taḥat* all-*bəkôr* in-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*, and-*ʾet*-*behemat* the-*ləwiyyim* *taḥat* *behemtām*, and-*hāyû*-to-me the-*ləwiyyim* *ʾănî* *YHWH*.", "grammar": { "*Qaḥ*": "qal imperative masculine singular - take", "*ʾet*": "direct object marker", "*ləwiyyim*": "proper noun, masculine plural with definite article - Levites", "*taḥat*": "preposition - instead of, in place of", "*bəkôr*": "masculine singular noun - firstborn", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*behemat*": "feminine singular construct - cattle/livestock of", "*behemtām*": "feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural possessive suffix - their livestock", "*hāyû*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine plural - they shall be", "*ʾănî*": "1st person singular independent pronoun - I", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name" }, "variants": { "*Qaḥ*": "take, receive, select, choose", "*taḥat*": "instead of, in place of, underneath, below", "*hāyû*": "be, become, exist, belong to" } } 46 { "verseID": "Numbers.3.46", "source": "וְאֵת֙ פְּדוּיֵ֣י הַשְּׁלֹשָׁ֔ה וְהַשִּׁבְעִ֖ים וְהַמָּאתָ֑יִם הָעֹֽדְפִים֙ עַל־הַלְוִיִּ֔ם מִבְּכ֖וֹר בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃", "text": "And-*ʾēt* *pədûyê* the-three and-the-seventy and-the-two-hundred, the-*ʿōdəpîm* over-the-*ləwiyyim* from-*bəkôr* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*.", "grammar": { "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*pədûyê*": "qal passive participle masculine plural construct - redeemed ones of", "*ʿōdəpîm*": "qal active participle masculine plural with definite article - those exceeding, those remaining over", "*ləwiyyim*": "proper noun, masculine plural with definite article - Levites", "*bəkôr*": "masculine singular noun construct - firstborn of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel" }, "variants": { "*pədûyê*": "redeemed ones, ransomed ones", "*ʿōdəpîm*": "those exceeding, those remaining over, those surplus" } } 47 { "verseID": "Numbers.3.47", "source": "וְלָקַחְתָּ֗ חֲמֵ֧שֶׁת חֲמֵ֛שֶׁת שְׁקָלִ֖ים לַגֻּלְגֹּ֑לֶת בְּשֶׁ֤קֶל הַקֹּ֙דֶשׁ֙ תִּקָּ֔ח עֶשְׂרִ֥ים גֵּרָ֖ה הַשָּֽׁקֶל׃", "text": "And-*lāqaḥtā* five five *šəqālîm* for-the-*gulggōlet*, by-*šeqel* the-*qōdeš* *tiqqāḥ*, twenty *gērāh* the-*šāqel*.", "grammar": { "*lāqaḥtā*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall take", "*šəqālîm*": "masculine plural noun - shekels", "*gulggōlet*": "feminine singular noun with prefixed preposition and definite article - head/skull/poll", "*šeqel*": "masculine singular construct - shekel of", "*qōdeš*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - holiness/sanctuary", "*tiqqāḥ*": "qal imperfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall take", "*gērāh*": "feminine singular noun - gerah (unit of weight)", "*šāqel*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - shekel" }, "variants": { "*lāqaḥtā*": "take, receive, select, choose", "*gulggōlet*": "head, skull, poll, person", "*qōdeš*": "holiness, sanctuary, holy place", "*šāqel*": "shekel, weight, unit of currency" } } 48 { "verseID": "Numbers.3.48", "source": "וְנָתַתָּ֣ה הַכֶּ֔סֶף לְאַהֲרֹ֖ן וּלְבָנָ֑יו פְּדוּיֵ֕י הָעֹדְפִ֖ים בָּהֶֽם׃", "text": "And-*nātattāh* the-*kesep* to-*ʾahărōn* and-to-*bānāyw* *pədûyê* the-*ʿōdəpîm* in-them.", "grammar": { "*nātattāh*": "qal perfect 2nd masculine singular - you shall give", "*kesep*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - silver/money", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*bānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his sons", "*pədûyê*": "qal passive participle masculine plural construct - redeemed ones of", "*ʿōdəpîm*": "qal active participle masculine plural with definite article - those exceeding, those remaining over" }, "variants": { "*nātattāh*": "give, place, put, set", "*kesep*": "silver, money, payment", "*pədûyê*": "redeemed ones, ransomed ones", "*ʿōdəpîm*": "those exceeding, those remaining over, those surplus" } } 49 { "verseID": "Numbers.3.49", "source": "וַיִּקַּ֣ח מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵ֖ת כֶּ֣סֶף הַפִּדְי֑וֹם מֵאֵת֙ הָעֹ֣דְפִ֔ים עַ֖ל פְּדוּיֵ֥י הַלְוִיִּֽם׃", "text": "And-*yiqqaḥ* *mōšeh* *ʾēt* *kesep* the-*pidyôm* from-*ʾēt* the-*ʿōdəpîm* over *pədûyê* the-*ləwiyyim*.", "grammar": { "*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - he took", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*kesep*": "masculine singular construct - silver/money of", "*pidyôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - redemption", "*ʿōdəpîm*": "qal active participle masculine plural with definite article - those exceeding, those remaining over", "*pədûyê*": "qal passive participle masculine plural construct - redeemed ones of", "*ləwiyyim*": "proper noun, masculine plural with definite article - Levites" }, "variants": { "*yiqqaḥ*": "took, received, acquired", "*kesep*": "silver, money, payment", "*pidyôm*": "redemption price, ransom", "*ʿōdəpîm*": "those exceeding, those remaining over, those surplus", "*pədûyê*": "redeemed ones, ransomed ones" } } 50 { "verseID": "Numbers.3.50", "source": "מֵאֵ֗ת בְּכ֛וֹר בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לָקַ֣ח אֶת־הַכָּ֑סֶף חֲמִשָּׁ֨ה וְשִׁשִּׁ֜ים וּשְׁלֹ֥שׁ מֵא֛וֹת וָאֶ֖לֶף בְּשֶׁ֥קֶל הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃", "text": "From-*ʾēt* *bəkôr* *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* *lāqaḥ* *ʾet*-the-*kāsep*: five and-sixty and-three *mēʾôt* and-*ʾelep* by-*šeqel* the-*qōdeš*.", "grammar": { "*ʾēt*": "preposition - from", "*bəkôr*": "masculine singular construct - firstborn of", "*bənê*": "masculine plural construct - sons of", "*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel", "*lāqaḥ*": "qal perfect 3rd masculine singular - he took", "*kāsep*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - silver/money", "*mēʾôt*": "feminine plural noun - hundreds", "*ʾelep*": "masculine singular noun - thousand", "*šeqel*": "masculine singular construct - shekel of", "*qōdeš*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - holiness/sanctuary" }, "variants": { "*lāqaḥ*": "took, received, acquired", "*kāsep*": "silver, money, payment", "*qōdeš*": "holiness, sanctuary, holy place" } } 51 { "verseID": "Numbers.3.51", "source": "וַיִּתֵּ֨ן מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶת־כֶּ֧סֶף הַפְּדֻיִ֛ם לְאַהֲרֹ֥ן וּלְבָנָ֖יו עַל־פִּ֣י יְהוָ֑ה כַּאֲשֶׁ֛ר צִוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה אֶת־מֹשֶֽׁה׃", "text": "And-*yittēn* *mōšeh* *ʾet*-*kesep* the-*pəduyim* to-*ʾahărōn* and-to-*bānāyw* according-to *pî* *YHWH*, *kaʾăšer* *ṣiwwāh* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*mōšeh*.", "grammar": { "*yittēn*": "qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - he gave", "*mōšeh*": "proper noun - Moses", "*ʾēt*": "direct object marker", "*kesep*": "masculine singular construct - silver/money of", "*pəduyim*": "qal passive participle masculine plural with definite article - the redeemed ones", "*ʾahărōn*": "proper noun - Aaron", "*bānāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his sons", "*pî*": "masculine singular construct - mouth/word of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - the divine name", "*kaʾăšer*": "conjunction - just as, according to what", "*ṣiwwāh*": "piel perfect 3rd masculine singular - he commanded" }, "variants": { "*yittēn*": "gave, placed, put, set", "*kesep*": "silver, money, payment", "*pəduyim*": "redeemed ones, ransomed ones", "*pî*": "mouth, command, word, utterance", "*ṣiwwāh*": "commanded, ordered, instructed" } }
• 1 Sam 9:7-8 : 7 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.9.7", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל לְנַעֲר֗וֹ וְהִנֵּ֣ה נֵלֵךְ֮ וּמַה־נָּבִ֣יא לָאִישׁ֒ כִּ֤י הַלֶּ֙חֶם֙ אָזַ֣ל מִכֵּלֵ֔ינוּ וּתְשׁוּרָ֥ה אֵין־לְהָבִ֖יא לְאִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים מָ֖ה אִתָּֽנוּ׃", "text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* to-*naʿărô*, and-*hinnēh* *nēlēḵ* and-what-*nāḇîʾ* to-the-*îš*? For *halleḥem* *ʾāzal* from-*mikēlênû* and-*tešûrāh* *ʾên*-to-*ləhāḇîʾ* to-*îš* *hāʾĕlōhîm*; what with-us?", "grammar": { "*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he said", "*naʿărô*": "noun, masculine, singular + 3rd singular masculine suffix - his servant/young man", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*nēlēḵ*": "Qal imperfect, 1st plural - we will go", "*nāḇîʾ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st plural - we will bring", "*halleḥem*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the bread", "*ʾāzal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - is gone/has been used up", "*mikēlênû*": "preposition + noun, masculine, plural + 1st plural suffix - from our vessels/containers", "*tešûrāh*": "noun, feminine, singular - gift/present", "*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not", "*ləhāḇîʾ*": "preposition + Hiphil infinitive construct - to bring", "*îš*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - man of", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the God/gods" }, "variants": { "*nāḇîʾ*": "bring/offer/present", "*ʾāzal*": "is gone/has run out/has been depleted/is exhausted", "*mikēlênû*": "from our vessels/from our bags/from our containers", "*tešûrāh*": "gift/present/offering/tribute" } } 8 { "verseID": "1 Samuel.9.8", "source": "וַיֹּ֤סֶף הַנַּ֙עַר֙ לַעֲנ֣וֹת אֶת־שָׁא֔וּל וַיֹּ֕אמֶר הִנֵּה֙ נִמְצָ֣א בְיָדִ֔י רֶ֖בַע שֶׁ֣קֶל כָּ֑סֶף וְנָֽתַתִּי֙ לְאִ֣ישׁ הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְהִגִּ֥יד לָ֖נוּ אֶת־דַּרְכֵּֽנוּ׃", "text": "And *wayyōsep̄* *hannaʿar* *laʿănôṯ* *ʾeṯ*-*šāʾûl* and *wayyōʾmer*, *hinnēh* *nimṣāʾ* in-*yāḏî* *reḇaʿ* *šeqel* *kāsep̄*; and *wənāṯattî* to-*îš* *hāʾĕlōhîm* and *wəhiggîd* to-us *ʾeṯ*-*darkēnû*.", "grammar": { "*wayyōsep̄*": "conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he continued/added", "*hannaʿar*": "noun, masculine, singular with definite article - the young man/servant", "*laʿănôṯ*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to answer", "*wayyōʾmer*": "conjunction + Qal imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he said", "*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look", "*nimṣāʾ*": "Niphal participle, masculine singular - is found/is present", "*yāḏî*": "noun, feminine, singular + 1st singular suffix - my hand", "*reḇaʿ*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - fourth part of", "*šeqel*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - shekel of", "*kāsep̄*": "noun, masculine, singular - silver", "*wənāṯattî*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 1st singular - and I will give", "*îš*": "noun, masculine, singular, construct - man of", "*hāʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine, plural with definite article - the God/gods", "*wəhiggîd*": "conjunction + Hiphil perfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he will tell" }, "variants": { "*wayyōsep̄*": "continued/added/proceeded", "*laʿănôṯ*": "to answer/to respond/to reply", "*nimṣāʾ*": "is found/is present/is available", "*reḇaʿ* *šeqel* *kāsep̄*": "quarter shekel of silver/quarter of a silver shekel", "*wəhiggîd*": "will tell/will show/will inform/will direct" } }
• 2 Sam 24:24 : 24 { "verseID": "2 Samuel.24.24", "source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַמֶּ֜לֶךְ אֶל־אֲרַ֗וְנָה לֹ֚א כִּֽי־קָנ֨וֹ אֶקְנֶ֤ה מֵאֽוֹתְךָ֙ בִּמְחִ֔יר וְלֹ֧א אַעֲלֶ֛ה לַיהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהַ֖י עֹל֣וֹת חִנָּ֑ם וַיִּ֨קֶן דָּוִ֤ד אֶת־הַגֹּ֙רֶן֙ וְאֶת־הַבָּקָ֔ר בְּכֶ֖סֶף שְׁקָלִ֥ים חֲמִשִּֽׁים", "text": "And *yō'mer* the *melekh* to *'ărawnāh* no, for *qānô* *'eqneh* from you *bimḥîr* and not *'a'ăleh* to *YHWH* *'ĕlōhay* *'ōlôt* *ḥinām* and *yiqen* *dāwiḏ* *'et-hagōren* and *'et-habāqār* for *kesep̄* *šəqālîm* *ḥămišîm*", "grammar": { "*yō'mer*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - he said", "*melekh*": "definite noun - the king", "*'ărawnāh*": "proper noun - Araunah", "*qānô*": "Qal infinitive absolute - buying", "*'eqneh*": "Qal imperfect 1st singular - I will buy", "*bimḥîr*": "preposition + noun - for a price", "*'a'ăleh*": "Hiphil imperfect 1st singular - I will offer", "*YHWH*": "divine name", "*'ĕlōhay*": "noun with 1st singular suffix - my God", "*'ōlôt*": "plural noun - burnt offerings", "*ḥinām*": "adverb - without cost/free", "*yiqen*": "Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular with waw consecutive - he bought", "*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David", "*'et-hagōren*": "direct object marker + definite noun - the threshing floor", "*'et-habāqār*": "direct object marker + definite noun - the oxen", "*kesep̄*": "noun - silver", "*šəqālîm*": "plural noun - shekels", "*ḥămišîm*": "numeral - fifty" }, "variants": { "*qānô* *'eqneh*": "surely I will buy/definitely purchase (emphatic construction)", "*bimḥîr*": "for a price/cost/value", "*'a'ăleh*": "I will offer/sacrifice/present", "*ḥinām*": "without cost/free/for nothing", "*yiqen*": "he bought/purchased/acquired" } }