4 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.4",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֲלֵהֶם֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרַ֔יִם לָ֚מָּה מֹשֶׁ֣ה וְאַהֲרֹ֔ן תַּפְרִ֥יעוּ אֶת־הָעָ֖ם מִמַּֽעֲשָׂ֑יו לְכ֖וּ לְסִבְלֹתֵיכֶֽם׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* to them *meleḵ* *Miṣrayim*: *lāmmâ* *Mōšeh* and *ʾAhărōn* *taḇrîʿû* *ʾet*-the people from their *maʿăśāyw*? *ləḵû* to your *siḇlōtêḵem*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʾălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to them",
"*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*Miṣrayim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*lāmmâ*": "interrogative adverb - why?",
"*Mōšeh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Moses",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾAhărōn*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Aaron",
"*taḇrîʿû*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you cause to be idle/disrupt",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*hā*": "definite article - the",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*maʿăśāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his works/labors",
"*ləḵû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - go!",
"*lə*": "preposition - to",
"*siḇlōtêḵem*": "noun, feminine plural with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your burdens"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said, replied, answered",
"*meleḵ*": "king, ruler, sovereign",
"*lāmmâ*": "why?, for what reason?",
"*taḇrîʿû*": "you disrupt, you cause to cease, you distract",
"*maʿăśāyw*": "his works, labors, tasks",
"*ləḵû*": "go!, depart!, proceed!",
"*siḇlōtêḵem*": "your burdens, your forced labors, your tasks"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.5",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר פַּרְעֹ֔ה הֵן־רַבִּ֥ים עַתָּ֖ה עַ֣ם הָאָ֑רֶץ וְהִשְׁבַּתֶּ֥ם אֹתָ֖ם מִסִּבְלֹתָֽם׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *Parʿōh*: *hēn*-*rabbîm* *ʿattâ* *ʿam* the *hāʾāreṣ* and *wəhišbattem* *ʾōtām* from their *missibəlōtām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh",
"*hēn*": "demonstrative particle - behold",
"*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many, numerous",
"*ʿattâ*": "adverb - now",
"*ʿam*": "noun, masculine singular construct - people of",
"*hā*": "definite article - the",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - land, earth",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*hišbattem*": "hiphil perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you have caused to cease",
"*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker with 3rd masculine plural suffix - them",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*sibəlōtām*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their burdens"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said, stated, declared",
"*hēn*": "behold, look, see",
"*rabbîm*": "many, numerous, plentiful",
"*ʿattâ*": "now, at this time, presently",
"*ʿam*": "people, folk, population",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "land, earth, ground, country",
"*hišbattem*": "you have caused to cease, made to rest, stopped",
"*sibəlōtām*": "their burdens, forced labors, tasks"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.6",
"source": "וַיְצַ֥ו פַּרְעֹ֖ה בַּיּ֣וֹם הַה֑וּא אֶת־הַנֹּגְשִׂ֣ים בָּעָ֔ם וְאֶת־שֹׁטְרָ֖יו לֵאמֹֽר׃",
"text": "And *wayṣaw* *Parʿōh* in the *bayyôm* *hahûʾ* *ʾet*-the *nōgəśîm* among the people and *ʾet*-his *šōṭərāyw* *lēʾmōr*:",
"grammar": {
"*wayṣaw*": "piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he commanded",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh",
"*ba*": "preposition with definite article - in the",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day",
"*ha*": "definite article - the",
"*hûʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ha*": "definite article - the",
"*nōgəśîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - taskmasters, oppressors",
"*bā*": "preposition with definite article - in the, among the",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*šōṭərāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his officers",
"*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying"
},
"variants": {
"*wayṣaw*": "and he commanded, ordered, instructed",
"*yôm*": "day, time, period",
"*hahûʾ*": "that, the same",
"*nōgəśîm*": "taskmasters, overseers, oppressors",
"*šōṭərāyw*": "his officers, foremen, scribes",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying, declaring, stating"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.7",
"source": "לֹ֣א תֹאסִפ֞וּן לָתֵ֨ת תֶּ֧בֶן לָעָ֛ם לִלְבֹּ֥ן הַלְּבֵנִ֖ים כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֑ם הֵ֚ם יֵֽלְכ֔וּ וְקֹשְׁשׁ֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם תֶּֽבֶן׃",
"text": "Not *tōʾsiḇûn* *lātēt* *teḇen* to the people *lilbōn* the *hallə̄ḇēnîm* as *kitmôl* *šilšōm*; they *yēlḵû* and *wəqōšəšû* for themselves *teḇen*.",
"grammar": {
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*tōʾsiḇûn*": "hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall continue",
"*lātēt*": "qal infinitive construct - to give",
"*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw",
"*lā*": "preposition with definite article - to the",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*lilbōn*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to make bricks",
"*ha*": "definite article - the",
"*lə̄ḇēnîm*": "noun, feminine plural - bricks",
"*ki*": "preposition - as, like",
"*təmôl*": "adverb - yesterday",
"*šilšōm*": "adverb - day before yesterday, previously",
"*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they",
"*yēlḵû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they shall go",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*qōšəšû*": "poel perfect, 3rd common plural - they shall gather",
"*lāhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - for themselves",
"*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw"
},
"variants": {
"*tōʾsiḇûn*": "you shall continue, you shall add, you shall do again",
"*lātēt*": "to give, to provide, to supply",
"*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff",
"*lilbōn*": "to make bricks, to form bricks",
"*lə̄ḇēnîm*": "bricks, clay blocks, mud bricks",
"*təmôl*": "yesterday, previously, before",
"*šilšōm*": "day before yesterday, earlier, formerly",
"*yēlḵû*": "they shall go, they will proceed, they must depart",
"*qōšəšû*": "they shall gather, collect, assemble"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.8",
"source": "וְאֶת־מַתְכֹּ֨נֶת הַלְּבֵנִ֜ים אֲשֶׁ֣ר הֵם֩ עֹשִׂ֨ים תְּמ֤וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁם֙ תָּשִׂ֣ימוּ עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם לֹ֥א תִגְרְע֖וּ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ כִּֽי־נִרְפִּ֣ים הֵ֔ם עַל־כֵּ֗ן הֵ֤ם צֹֽעֲקִים֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לֵאלֹהֵֽינוּ׃",
"text": "And *wəʾet*-*maṯkōneṯ* the *hallə̄ḇēnîm* *ʾăšer* they *ʿōśîm* *təmôl* *šilšōm* *tāśîmû* upon them; not *ṯiḡrəʿû* from it, for *kî*-*nirpîm* they are. Therefore *ʿal*-*kēn* they *ṣōʿăqîm* *lēʾmōr*: *nēlḵâ* *nizbəḥâ* to our *lēʾlōhênû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*maṯkōneṯ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - quota, prescribed amount",
"*ha*": "definite article - the",
"*lə̄ḇēnîm*": "noun, feminine plural - bricks",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which, that",
"*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they",
"*ʿōśîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - making, doing",
"*təmôl*": "adverb - yesterday",
"*šilšōm*": "adverb - day before yesterday, previously",
"*tāśîmû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall place/impose",
"*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*ṯiḡrəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you shall diminish",
"*mimmenû*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - from it",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for, because",
"*nirpîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - idle, lazy",
"*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon, because of",
"*kēn*": "adverb - so, thus, therefore",
"*hēm*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they",
"*ṣōʿăqîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - crying out",
"*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*nēlḵâ*": "qal cohortative, 1st plural - let us go",
"*nizbəḥâ*": "qal cohortative, 1st plural - let us sacrifice",
"*lə*": "preposition - to",
"*ʾĕlōhênû*": "noun, masculine plural with 1st person plural suffix - our God"
},
"variants": {
"*maṯkōneṯ*": "quota, prescribed amount, measure",
"*lə̄ḇēnîm*": "bricks, clay blocks, mud bricks",
"*ʿōśîm*": "making, doing, producing",
"*təmôl*": "yesterday, previously, before",
"*šilšōm*": "day before yesterday, earlier, formerly",
"*tāśîmû*": "you shall place, impose, set",
"*ṯiḡrəʿû*": "you shall diminish, reduce, lessen",
"*nirpîm*": "idle, lazy, slack",
"*ṣōʿăqîm*": "crying out, calling, shouting",
"*nēlḵâ*": "let us go, we wish to go",
"*nizbəḥâ*": "let us sacrifice, let us offer, let us slaughter (ritually)"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.9",
"source": "תִּכְבַּ֧ד הָעֲבֹדָ֛ה עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֖ים וְיַעֲשׂוּ־בָ֑הּ וְאַל־יִשְׁע֖וּ בְּדִבְרֵי־שָֽׁקֶר׃",
"text": "*Tikbad* the *hāʿăḇōḏâ* upon the *hāʾănāšîm* and *wəyaʿăśû*-*ḇāh* and not *wəʾal*-*yišʿû* in *bəḏiḇrê*-*šāqer*.",
"grammar": {
"*tikbad*": "qal imperfect jussive, 3rd feminine singular - let be heavy",
"*hā*": "definite article - the",
"*ʿăḇōḏâ*": "noun, feminine singular - work, labor, service",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*hā*": "definite article - the",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*yaʿăśû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will do/perform",
"*ḇāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in it",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾal*": "negative particle - not",
"*yišʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will pay attention to",
"*bə*": "preposition - in",
"*diḇrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of",
"*šāqer*": "noun, masculine singular - falsehood, lie"
},
"variants": {
"*tikbad*": "let be heavy, let be burdensome, let be severe",
"*ʿăḇōḏâ*": "work, labor, service, servitude",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "men, people, individuals",
"*yaʿăśû*": "they will do, perform, accomplish",
"*yišʿû*": "they will pay attention to, regard, look to",
"*diḇrê*": "words, matters, things",
"*šāqer*": "falsehood, lie, deception"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.10",
"source": "וַיֵּ֨צְא֜וּ נֹגְשֵׂ֤י הָעָם֙ וְשֹׁ֣טְרָ֔יו וַיֹּאמְר֥וּ אֶל־הָעָ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר פַּרְעֹ֔ה אֵינֶ֛נִּי נֹתֵ֥ן לָכֶ֖ם תֶּֽבֶן׃",
"text": "And *wayyēṣəʾû* *nōḡəśê* the *hāʿām* and his *wəšōṭərāyw* and *wayyōʾmərû* to the *hāʿām* *lēʾmōr*: Thus *kōh* *ʾāmar* *Parʿōh*, not *ʾênennî* *nōṯēn* to you *lāḵem* *teḇen*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyēṣəʾû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they went out",
"*nōḡəśê*": "qal participle masculine plural construct - taskmasters of",
"*hā*": "definite article - the",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*šōṭərāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his officers",
"*wayyōʾmərû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they said",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*hā*": "definite article - the",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*kōh*": "adverb - thus, so",
"*ʾāmar*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has said",
"*Parʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh",
"*ʾênennî*": "particle of negation with 1st singular suffix - I am not",
"*nōṯēn*": "qal participle, masculine singular - giving",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - to you",
"*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyēṣəʾû*": "and they went out, came forth, departed",
"*nōḡəśê*": "taskmasters of, oppressors of, overseers of",
"*ʿām*": "people, nation, folk",
"*šōṭərāyw*": "his officers, foremen, scribes",
"*wayyōʾmərû*": "and they said, declared, announced",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying, declaring",
"*kōh*": "thus, so, in this manner",
"*ʾāmar*": "he has said, spoken, declared",
"*ʾênennî*": "I am not, I will not",
"*nōṯēn*": "giving, providing, supplying",
"*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.11",
"source": "אַתֶּ֗ם לְכ֨וּ קְח֤וּ לָכֶם֙ תֶּ֔בֶן מֵאֲשֶׁ֖ר תִּמְצָ֑אוּ כִּ֣י אֵ֥ין נִגְרָ֛ע מֵעֲבֹדַתְכֶ֖ם דָּבָֽר׃",
"text": "You *ʾattem* *ləḵû* *qəḥû* for yourselves *lāḵem* *teḇen* from where *mēʾăšer* *timṣāʾû*; for *kî* not *ʾên* *niḡrāʿ* from your *mēʿăḇōḏaṯḵem* a *dāḇār*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you",
"*ləḵû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - go!",
"*qəḥû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - take!",
"*lāḵem*": "preposition with 2nd masculine plural suffix - for yourselves",
"*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw",
"*mē*": "preposition - from",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - where, which",
"*timṣāʾû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you will find",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for, because",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - not",
"*niḡrāʿ*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - diminished",
"*mē*": "preposition - from",
"*ʿăḇōḏaṯḵem*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your work",
"*dāḇār*": "noun, masculine singular - word, thing, matter"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾattem*": "you (plural)",
"*ləḵû*": "go!, depart!, proceed!",
"*qəḥû*": "take!, get!, fetch!",
"*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff",
"*timṣāʾû*": "you will find, you may find, you can find",
"*niḡrāʿ*": "diminished, reduced, lessened",
"*ʿăḇōḏaṯḵem*": "your work, labor, service",
"*dāḇār*": "word, thing, matter, anything"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.12",
"source": "וַיָּ֥פֶץ הָעָ֖ם בְּכָל־אֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם לְקֹשֵׁ֥שׁ קַ֖שׁ לַתֶּֽבֶן׃",
"text": "And *wayyāp̄eṣ* the *hāʿām* in all *bəḵāl*-*ʾereṣ* *Miṣrāyim* *ləqōšēš* *qaš* for the *latteḇen*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāp̄eṣ*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and scattered",
"*hā*": "definite article - the",
"*ʿām*": "noun, masculine singular - people",
"*bə*": "preposition - in",
"*ḵāl*": "noun, masculine singular construct - all of",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*Miṣrāyim*": "proper noun - Egypt",
"*lə*": "preposition - to, for",
"*qōšēš*": "poel infinitive construct - gather",
"*qaš*": "noun, masculine singular - stubble",
"*la*": "preposition with definite article - for the",
"*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyāp̄eṣ*": "and scattered, dispersed, spread out",
"*ʿām*": "people, nation, folk",
"*ʾereṣ*": "land, earth, territory",
"*qōšēš*": "to gather, collect, glean",
"*qaš*": "stubble, straw, chaff",
"*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.13",
"source": "וְהַנֹּגְשִׂ֖ים אָצִ֣ים לֵאמֹ֑ר כַּלּ֤וּ מַעֲשֵׂיכֶם֙ דְּבַר־י֣וֹם בְּיוֹמ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר בִּהְי֥וֹת הַתֶּֽבֶן׃",
"text": "And the *wəhannōḡəśîm* *ʾāṣîm* *lēʾmōr*: *kallû* your *maʿăśêḵem* *dəḇar*-*yôm* in its *bəyômô*, as *kaʾăšer* when there was the *bihyôṯ* *hatteḇen*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ha*": "definite article - the",
"*nōḡəśîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - taskmasters",
"*ʾāṣîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - pressing, urging",
"*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*kallû*": "piel imperative, masculine plural - complete!",
"*maʿăśêḵem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your works",
"*dəḇar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - matter of",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day",
"*bə*": "preposition - in",
"*yômô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - its day",
"*ka*": "preposition - as, like",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - when",
"*bi*": "preposition - in, when",
"*hyôṯ*": "qal infinitive construct - being",
"*ha*": "definite article - the",
"*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw"
},
"variants": {
"*nōḡəśîm*": "taskmasters, oppressors, overseers",
"*ʾāṣîm*": "pressing, urging, hurrying",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying, declaring",
"*kallû*": "complete!, fulfill!, finish!",
"*maʿăśêḵem*": "your works, tasks, labors",
"*dəḇar*": "matter, thing, quota",
"*yôm*": "day, time, period",
"*yômô*": "its day, its appointed time",
"*hyôṯ*": "being, existing, presence",
"*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.14",
"source": "וַיֻּכּ֗וּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אֲשֶׁר־שָׂ֣מוּ עֲלֵהֶ֔ם נֹגְשֵׂ֥י פַרְעֹ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר מַדּ֡וּעַ לֹא֩ כִלִּיתֶ֨ם חָקְכֶ֤ם לִלְבֹּן֙ כִּתְמ֣וֹל שִׁלְשֹׁ֔ם גַּם־תְּמ֖וֹל גַּם־הַיּֽוֹם׃",
"text": "And *wayyukkû* *šōṭərê* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl*, *ʾăšer*-*śāmû* upon them *ʿălēhem* *nōḡəśê* *p̄arʿōh* *lēʾmōr*: *maddûaʿ* not *lōʾ* *killîṯem* your *ḥāqəḵem* *lilbōn* as *kitmôl* *šilšōm*, both *gam*-yesterday *təmôl* *gam*-today *hayyôm*?",
"grammar": {
"*wayyukkû*": "hophal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they were beaten",
"*šōṭərê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - officers of",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of, children of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who, which",
"*śāmû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they had placed",
"*ʿălēhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them",
"*nōḡəśê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - taskmasters of",
"*p̄arʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh",
"*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*maddûaʿ*": "interrogative adverb - why?",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*killîṯem*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine plural - you have completed",
"*ḥāqəḵem*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your quota",
"*lilbōn*": "qal infinitive construct with preposition - to make bricks",
"*ki*": "preposition - as",
"*təmôl*": "adverb - yesterday",
"*šilšōm*": "adverb - day before yesterday",
"*gam*": "adverb - also, even",
"*təmôl*": "adverb - yesterday",
"*gam*": "adverb - also, even",
"*ha*": "definite article - the",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyukkû*": "and they were beaten, struck, flogged",
"*šōṭərê*": "officers of, foremen of",
"*bənê*": "sons of, children of, descendants of",
"*śāmû*": "they had placed, appointed, set",
"*nōḡəśê*": "taskmasters of, oppressors of",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying, stating",
"*maddûaʿ*": "why?, for what reason?",
"*killîṯem*": "you have completed, fulfilled, finished",
"*ḥāqəḵem*": "your quota, portion, assignment",
"*lilbōn*": "to make bricks, to form bricks",
"*təmôl*": "yesterday, before",
"*šilšōm*": "day before yesterday, previously",
"*yôm*": "day, today"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.15",
"source": "וַיָּבֹ֗אוּ שֹֽׁטְרֵי֙ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּצְעֲק֥וּ אֶל־פַּרְעֹ֖ה לֵאמֹ֑ר לָ֧מָּה תַעֲשֶׂ֦ה כֹ֖ה לַעֲבָדֶֽיךָ׃",
"text": "And *wayyāḇōʾû* *šōṭərê* *bənê* *Yiśrāʾēl* and *wayyiṣʿăqû* to *ʾel*-*p̄arʿōh* *lēʾmōr*: *lāmmâ* *ṯaʿăśeh* thus *ḵōh* to your *laʿăḇāḏêḵā*?",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāḇōʾû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they came",
"*šōṭərê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - officers of",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of, children of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wayyiṣʿăqû*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine plural - and they cried out",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to",
"*p̄arʿōh*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Pharaoh",
"*lēʾmōr*": "qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*lāmmâ*": "interrogative adverb - why?",
"*ṯaʿăśeh*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you do",
"*ḵōh*": "adverb - thus, so",
"*la*": "preposition - to",
"*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyāḇōʾû*": "and they came, entered, approached",
"*šōṭərê*": "officers of, foremen of",
"*bənê*": "sons of, children of, descendants of",
"*wayyiṣʿăqû*": "and they cried out, called out, complained",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying, declaring",
"*lāmmâ*": "why?, for what reason?",
"*ṯaʿăśeh*": "you do, act, deal",
"*ḵōh*": "thus, so, this way",
"*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "your servants, slaves, workers"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.16",
"source": "תֶּ֗בֶן אֵ֤ין נִתָּן֙ לַעֲבָדֶ֔יךָ וּלְבֵנִ֛ים אֹמְרִ֥ים לָ֖נוּ עֲשׂ֑וּ וְהִנֵּ֧ה עֲבָדֶ֛יךָ מֻכִּ֖ים וְחָטָ֥את עַמֶּֽךָ׃",
"text": "*Teḇen* not *ʾên* *nittān* to your *laʿăḇāḏêḵā*, and bricks *ûləḇēnîm* *ʾōmərîm* to us *lānû* *ʿăśû*; and behold *wəhinnēh* your *ʿăḇāḏêḵā* *mukkîm* and sin *wəḥāṭāʾṯ* your *ʿammêḵā*.",
"grammar": {
"*teḇen*": "noun, masculine singular - straw",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - not",
"*nittān*": "niphal participle, masculine singular - being given",
"*la*": "preposition - to",
"*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*ləḇēnîm*": "noun, feminine plural - bricks",
"*ʾōmərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - saying",
"*lānû*": "preposition with 1st plural suffix - to us",
"*ʿăśû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - make!",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold",
"*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "noun, masculine plural with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servants",
"*mukkîm*": "hophal participle, masculine plural - being beaten",
"*wə*": "conjunction - and",
"*ḥāṭāʾṯ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - has sinned",
"*ʿammêḵā*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people"
},
"variants": {
"*teḇen*": "straw, stubble, chaff",
"*nittān*": "being given, provided, supplied",
"*ʿăḇāḏêḵā*": "your servants, slaves, workers",
"*ləḇēnîm*": "bricks, clay blocks",
"*ʾōmərîm*": "saying, telling, commanding",
"*ʿăśû*": "make!, produce!, form!",
"*hinnēh*": "behold, look, see",
"*mukkîm*": "being beaten, struck, flogged",
"*ḥāṭāʾṯ*": "has sinned, is at fault, has done wrong",
"*ʿammêḵā*": "your people, nation, subjects"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.17",
"source": "וַיֹּ֛אמֶר נִרְפִּ֥ים אַתֶּ֖ם נִרְפִּ֑ים עַל־כֵּן֙ אַתֶּ֣ם אֹֽמְרִ֔ים נֵלְכָ֖ה נִזְבְּחָ֥ה לַֽיהוָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer*: *nirpîm* you are *ʾattem* *nirpîm*; therefore *ʿal*-*kēn* you *ʾattem* *ʾōmərîm*: *nēləḵâ* *nizḇəḥâ* to *laYHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*nirpîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - idle, lazy",
"*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you",
"*nirpîm*": "niphal participle, masculine plural - idle, lazy",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon, because of",
"*kēn*": "adverb - so, thus",
"*ʾattem*": "pronoun, 2nd masculine plural - you",
"*ʾōmərîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - saying",
"*nēləḵâ*": "qal cohortative, 1st plural - let us go",
"*nizḇəḥâ*": "qal cohortative, 1st plural - let us sacrifice",
"*la*": "preposition - to",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun, divine name - Yahweh"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said, replied, answered",
"*nirpîm*": "idle, lazy, slack",
"*ʾattem*": "you (plural)",
"*kēn*": "so, thus, therefore",
"*ʾōmərîm*": "saying, declaring, stating",
"*nēləḵâ*": "let us go, we wish to go",
"*nizḇəḥâ*": "let us sacrifice, let us offer, let us slaughter (ritually)"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Exodus.5.18",
"source": "וְעַתָּה֙ לְכ֣וּ עִבְד֔וּ וְתֶ֖בֶן לֹא־יִנָּתֵ֣ן לָכֶ֑ם וְתֹ֥כֶן לְבֵנִ֖ים תִּתֵּֽנּוּ׃",
"text": "And *ʿattâ* (now) *lĕkû* (go) *ʿibdû* (work), and *teben* (straw) not-*yinnātēn* (will be given) to you, and *tōken* (quota of) *lĕbēnîm* (bricks) *tittēnû* (you shall give).",
"grammar": {
"*ʿattâ*": "temporal adverb - now",
"*lĕkû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - go!",
"*ʿibdû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - work!/serve!",
"*teben*": "masculine singular noun - straw",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yinnātēn*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be given",
"*lākem*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - to you",
"*tōken*": "masculine singular construct noun - measure/quota of",
"*lĕbēnîm*": "feminine plural noun - bricks",
"*tittēnû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine plural - you shall give"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿattâ*": "now/at this time",
"*ʿibdû*": "work/serve/labor",
"*teben*": "straw/stubble",
"*tōken*": "measure/quota/fixed amount",
"*lĕbēnîm*": "bricks/mud-bricks"
}
}