11 {
"verseID": "Exodus.1.11",
"source": "וַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּ עָלָיו֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מִסִּ֔ים לְמַ֥עַן עַנֹּת֖וֹ בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם וַיִּ֜בֶן עָרֵ֤י מִסְכְּנוֹת֙ לְפַרְעֹ֔ה אֶת־פִּתֹ֖ם וְאֶת־רַעַמְסֵֽס׃",
"text": "And *way-yāśîmû* upon him *śārê* *missîm* for purpose *ʿannōtô* with their *siḇlōtām* and *way-yiḇen* *ʿārê* *miskənôt* for *parʿōh* *ʾet*-*pitōm* and *ʾet*-*raʿamsēs*",
"grammar": {
"וַיָּשִׂ֤ימוּ": "conjunction *wə-* + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, vav-consecutive - 'and they set'",
"עָלָיו֙": "preposition + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'upon him/it'",
"*śārê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'chiefs of'",
"*missîm*": "noun, masculine plural - 'forced labor/tribute'",
"לְמַ֥עַן": "preposition - 'for the purpose of'",
"*ʿannōtô*": "infinitive construct, Piel + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'afflicting him'",
"בְּסִבְלֹתָ֑ם": "preposition + noun, feminine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'with their burdens'",
"וַיִּ֜בֶן": "conjunction *wə-* + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, vav-consecutive - 'and he built'",
"*ʿārê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - 'cities of'",
"*miskənôt*": "noun, feminine plural - 'storage'",
"לְפַרְעֹ֔ה": "preposition + proper noun - 'for Pharaoh'",
"אֶת־פִּתֹ֖ם": "direct object marker + proper noun - 'Pithom'",
"וְאֶת־רַעַמְסֵֽס": "conjunction *wə-* + direct object marker + proper noun - 'and Raamses'"
},
"variants": {
"*way-yāśîmû*": "they set, placed, appointed",
"*śārê*": "chiefs of, officials of, taskmasters of",
"*missîm*": "forced labors, slave labor, burdens, tribute",
"*ʿannōtô*": "afflicting him, oppressing him, humbling him",
"*siḇlōtām*": "their burdens, their forced labors",
"*way-yiḇen*": "he built, constructed",
"*ʿārê*": "cities of",
"*miskənôt*": "storage, supply, treasure"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Exodus.1.12",
"source": "וְכַאֲשֶׁר֙ יְעַנּ֣וּ אֹת֔וֹ כֵּ֥ן יִרְבֶּ֖ה וְכֵ֣ן יִפְרֹ֑ץ וַיָּקֻ֕צוּ מִפְּנֵ֖י בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "And as *yəʿannû* *ʾōtô* thus *yirbeh* and thus *yip̄rōṣ* and *way-yāquṣû* from before *bənê* *yiśrāʾēl*",
"grammar": {
"וְכַאֲשֶׁר֙": "conjunction *wə-* + preposition + relative pronoun - 'and according to which'",
"*yəʿannû*": "verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - 'they would afflict'",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - 'him'",
"כֵּ֥ן": "adverb - 'thus, so'",
"*yirbeh*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'he would multiply'",
"וְכֵ֣ן": "conjunction *wə-* + adverb - 'and thus'",
"*yip̄rōṣ*": "verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - 'he would spread'",
"וַיָּקֻ֕צוּ": "conjunction *wə-* + verb, Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, vav-consecutive - 'and they loathed'",
"מִפְּנֵ֖י": "preposition *min* + construct - 'from before'",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - 'sons of'",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'"
},
"variants": {
"*yəʿannû*": "they would afflict, oppress, humble",
"*yirbeh*": "he would multiply, increase, become numerous",
"*yip̄rōṣ*": "he would spread, break forth, increase",
"*way-yāquṣû*": "they loathed, abhorred, felt disgust"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Exodus.1.13",
"source": "וַיַּעֲבִ֧דוּ מִצְרַ֛יִם אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃",
"text": "And *way-yaʿăḇidû* *miṣrayim* *ʾet*-*bənê* *yiśrāʾēl* with *pāreḵ*",
"grammar": {
"וַיַּעֲבִ֧דוּ": "conjunction *wə-* + verb, Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, vav-consecutive - 'and they made work'",
"*miṣrayim*": "proper noun - 'Egypt/Egyptians'",
"אֶת־בְּנֵ֥י": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural construct - 'sons of'",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - 'Israel'",
"בְּפָֽרֶךְ": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'with rigor'"
},
"variants": {
"*way-yaʿăḇidû*": "they made to serve, enslaved, forced to work",
"*pāreḵ*": "rigor, harshness, severity, cruelty"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Exodus.1.14",
"source": "וַיְמָרְר֨וּ אֶת־חַיֵּיהֶ֜ם בַּעֲבֹדָ֣ה קָשָׁ֗ה בְּחֹ֙מֶר֙ וּבִלְבֵנִ֔ים וּבְכָל־עֲבֹדָ֖ה בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה אֵ֚ת כָּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ בָהֶ֖ם בְּפָֽרֶךְ׃",
"text": "And *way-mārərû* *ʾet*-*ḥayyêhem* in *ʿăḇōdâ* *qāšâ* with *ḥōmer* and with *ləḇēnîm* and with all *ʿăḇōdâ* in the *śādeh* *ʾēt* all *ʿăḇōdātām* which *ʿāḇədû* with them with *pāreḵ*",
"grammar": {
"וַיְמָרְר֨וּ": "conjunction *wə-* + verb, Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural, vav-consecutive - 'and they made bitter'",
"אֶת־חַיֵּיהֶ֜ם": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'their lives'",
"בַּעֲבֹדָ֣ה": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - 'with labor'",
"*qāšâ*": "adjective, feminine singular - 'hard'",
"בְּחֹ֙מֶר֙": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'with mortar'",
"וּבִלְבֵנִ֔ים": "conjunction *wə-* + preposition + noun, feminine plural - 'and with bricks'",
"וּבְכָל־עֲבֹדָ֖ה": "conjunction *wə-* + preposition + noun, feminine singular - 'and with all labor'",
"בַּשָּׂדֶ֑ה": "preposition + definite article + noun, masculine singular - 'in the field'",
"אֵ֚ת": "direct object marker",
"כָּל־עֲבֹ֣דָתָ֔ם": "construct + noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'all their labor'",
"אֲשֶׁר־עָבְד֥וּ": "relative pronoun + verb, Qal perfect, 3rd masculine plural - 'which they worked'",
"בָהֶ֖ם": "preposition + 3rd masculine plural suffix - 'with them'",
"בְּפָֽרֶךְ": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - 'with rigor'"
},
"variants": {
"*way-mārərû*": "they made bitter, embittered",
"*ḥayyêhem*": "their lives, their existence",
"*ʿăḇōdâ*": "labor, service, work, servitude",
"*qāšâ*": "hard, harsh, severe, cruel",
"*ḥōmer*": "mortar, clay, cement",
"*ləḇēnîm*": "bricks",
"*śādeh*": "field, country, open land",
"*ʿăḇōdātām*": "their service, their labor, their work",
"*ʿāḇədû*": "they worked, served, labored",
"*pāreḵ*": "rigor, harshness, cruelty"
}
}