1{
"verseID": "Genesis.1.1",
"source": "בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֵ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "In *bĕrēšît* *bārā* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾēt* the *šāmayim* *wĕ-ʾēt* the *ʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*bĕrēšît*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in beginning of",
"*bārā*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - created",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens/sky",
"*wĕ-ʾēt*": "conjunction + direct object marker - and",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*bĕrēšît*": "in the beginning/at first/when beginning",
"*bārā*": "created/formed/shaped",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings",
"*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky/visible firmament",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground/territory"
}
}
2{
"verseID": "Genesis.1.2",
"source": "וְהָאָ֗רֶץ הָיְתָ֥ה תֹ֙הוּ֙ וָבֹ֔הוּ וְחֹ֖שֶׁךְ עַל־פְּנֵ֣י תְה֑וֹם וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃",
"text": "And the *ʾāreṣ* *hāyĕtāh* *tōhû* *wā-bōhû* and *ḥōšek* upon *pĕnê* *tĕhôm* and *rûaḥ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *mĕraḥepet* upon *pĕnê* the *māyim*",
"grammar": {
"*hāyĕtāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - was/became",
"*tōhû*": "noun, masculine singular - formlessness/chaos",
"*wā-bōhû*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and emptiness/void",
"*ḥōšek*": "noun, masculine singular - darkness",
"*pĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - face of/surface of",
"*tĕhôm*": "noun, masculine singular - deep/abyss/primeval ocean",
"*rûaḥ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - spirit/wind/breath of",
"*mĕraḥepet*": "verb, piel participle, feminine singular - hovering/moving/fluttering",
"*māyim*": "noun, masculine plural - waters"
},
"variants": {
"*hāyĕtāh*": "was/became/existed",
"*tōhû*": "formlessness/chaos/waste",
"*bōhû*": "emptiness/void/waste",
"*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity",
"*tĕhôm*": "deep/abyss/primeval ocean/primordial waters",
"*rûaḥ*": "spirit/wind/breath",
"*mĕraḥepet*": "hovering/moving/fluttering/brooding"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "Genesis.1.3",
"source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֖ים יְהִ֣י א֑וֹר וַֽיְהִי־אֽוֹר׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾĕlōhîm* *yĕhî* *ʾôr* and *wayĕhî* *ʾôr*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and said/spoke",
"*yĕhî*": "verb, qal jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - let there be",
"*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular - light",
"*wayĕhî*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and there was"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "and said/and spoke/and commanded",
"*yĕhî*": "let there be/may there be",
"*ʾôr*": "light/daylight/illumination"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "Genesis.1.4",
"source": "וַיַּ֧רְא אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָא֖וֹר כִּי־ט֑וֹב וַיַּבְדֵּ֣ל אֱלֹהִ֔ים בֵּ֥ין הָא֖וֹר וּבֵ֥ין הַחֹֽשֶׁךְ׃",
"text": "And *wayyarʾ* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾet*-the *ʾôr* that *ṭôb* and *wayyabdēl* *ʾĕlōhîm* between the *ʾôr* and between the *ḥōšek*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyarʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and saw",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that/because",
"*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good",
"*wayyabdēl*": "verb, hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and separated/divided",
"*bên*": "preposition - between"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyarʾ*": "and saw/and perceived/and observed",
"*ṭôb*": "good/pleasant/beneficial/appropriate",
"*wayyabdēl*": "and separated/and divided/and distinguished",
"*ḥōšek*": "darkness/obscurity"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "Genesis.1.5",
"source": "וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ לָאוֹר֙ י֔וֹם וְלַחֹ֖שֶׁךְ קָ֣רָא לָ֑יְלָה וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם אֶחָֽד׃",
"text": "And *wayyiqrāʾ* *ʾĕlōhîm* to the *ʾôr* *yôm* and to the *ḥōšek* *qārāʾ* *lāylāh* and *wayĕhî* *ʿereb* and *wayĕhî* *bōqer* *yôm* *ʾeḥād*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and called/named",
"*lā-ʾôr*": "preposition + definite article + noun - to the light",
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular - day",
"*wĕ-la-ḥōšek*": "conjunction + preposition + definite article + noun - and to the darkness",
"*qārāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - called/named",
"*lāylāh*": "noun, masculine singular - night",
"*ʿereb*": "noun, masculine singular - evening",
"*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular - morning",
"*ʾeḥād*": "cardinal number, masculine singular - one/first"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "and called/and named/and designated",
"*yôm*": "day/daytime/period of time",
"*qārāʾ*": "called/named/designated",
"*lāylāh*": "night/nighttime",
"*ʿereb*": "evening/sunset/dusk",
"*bōqer*": "morning/sunrise/dawn",
"*ʾeḥād*": "one/first/single"
}
}
6{
"verseID": "Genesis.1.6",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֔ים יְהִ֥י רָקִ֖יעַ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַמָּ֑יִם וִיהִ֣י מַבְדִּ֔יל בֵּ֥ין מַ֖יִם לָמָֽיִם׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾĕlōhîm* *yĕhî* *rāqîaʿ* in *tôk* the *māyim* and *wîhî* *mabdîl* between *mayim* to *māyim*",
"grammar": {
"*yĕhî*": "verb, qal jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - let there be",
"*rāqîaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - firmament/expanse",
"*bĕ-tôk*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in midst of",
"*wîhî*": "conjunction + verb, qal jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - and let it be",
"*mabdîl*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - separating/dividing",
"*lā-māyim*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - to waters"
},
"variants": {
"*rāqîaʿ*": "firmament/expanse/vault/dome",
"*tôk*": "midst/middle/between",
"*mabdîl*": "separating/dividing/distinguishing"
}
}
7{
"verseID": "Genesis.1.7",
"source": "וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אֱלֹהִים֮ אֶת־הָרָקִיעַ֒ וַיַּבְדֵּ֗ל בֵּ֤ין הַמַּ֙יִם֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ מִתַּ֣חַת לָרָקִ֔יעַ וּבֵ֣ין הַמַּ֔יִם אֲשֶׁ֖ר מֵעַ֣ל לָרָקִ֑יעַ וֽ͏ַיְהִי־כֵֽן׃",
"text": "And *wayyaʿaś* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾet*-the *rāqîaʿ* and *wayyabdēl* between the *mayim* which *mittaḥat* to the *rāqîaʿ* and between the *mayim* which *mēʿal* to the *rāqîaʿ* and *wayĕhî*-*kēn*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaʿaś*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and made",
"*wayyabdēl*": "verb, hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and separated",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*mittaḥat*": "preposition + preposition - from under",
"*lā-rāqîaʿ*": "preposition + definite article + noun - to the firmament",
"*mēʿal*": "preposition - from above",
"*wayĕhî-kēn*": "verb + adverb - and it was so"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyaʿaś*": "and made/and created/and fashioned",
"*mittaḥat*": "from under/beneath",
"*mēʿal*": "from above/over",
"*kēn*": "so/thus/accordingly"
}
}
8{
"verseID": "Genesis.1.8",
"source": "וַיִּקְרָ֧א אֱלֹהִ֛ים לָֽרָקִ֖יעַ שָׁמָ֑יִם וַֽיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וַֽיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם שֵׁנִֽי׃",
"text": "And *wayyiqrāʾ* *ʾĕlōhîm* to the *rāqîaʿ* *šāmāyim* and *wayĕhî*-*ʿereb* and *wayĕhî*-*bōqer* *yôm* *šēnî*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and called",
"*lā-rāqîaʿ*": "preposition + definite article + noun - to the firmament",
"*šāmāyim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens",
"*šēnî*": "ordinal number, masculine singular - second"
},
"variants": {
"*šēnî*": "second/another"
}
}
9{
"verseID": "Genesis.1.9",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים יִקָּו֨וּ הַמַּ֜יִם מִתַּ֤חַת הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ אֶל־מָק֣וֹם אֶחָ֔ד וְתֵרָאֶ֖ה הַיַּבָּשָׁ֑ה וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾĕlōhîm* *yiqqāwû* the *mayim* *mittaḥat* the *šāmayim* to *māqôm* *ʾeḥād* and *tērāʾeh* the *yabbāšāh* and *wayĕhî*-*kēn*",
"grammar": {
"*yiqqāwû*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural, jussive - let be gathered",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/toward",
"*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular - place",
"*tērāʾeh*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular, jussive - let appear",
"*yabbāšāh*": "noun, feminine singular - dry land"
},
"variants": {
"*yiqqāwû*": "let be gathered/let be collected/let be assembled",
"*māqôm*": "place/location/area",
"*tērāʾeh*": "let appear/let be seen/let become visible",
"*yabbāšāh*": "dry land/dry ground/continent"
}
}
10{
"verseID": "Genesis.1.10",
"source": "וַיִּקְרָ֨א אֱלֹהִ֤ים ׀ לַיַּבָּשָׁה֙ אֶ֔רֶץ וּלְמִקְוֵ֥ה הַמַּ֖יִם קָרָ֣א יַמִּ֑ים וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־טֽוֹב׃",
"text": "And *wayyiqrāʾ* *ʾĕlōhîm* to the *yabbāšāh* *ʾereṣ* and to *miqwēh* the *mayim* *qārāʾ* *yammîm* and *wayyarʾ* *ʾĕlōhîm* that *ṭôb*",
"grammar": {
"*la-yabbāšāh*": "preposition + definite article + noun - to the dry land",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular - earth/land",
"*û-lĕ-miqwēh*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - and to gathering of",
"*qārāʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - called",
"*yammîm*": "noun, masculine plural - seas"
},
"variants": {
"*miqwēh*": "gathering/collection/reservoir",
"*yammîm*": "seas/oceans/large bodies of water"
}
}
11{
"verseID": "Genesis.1.11",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים תַּֽדְשֵׁ֤א הָאָ֙רֶץ֙ דֶּ֗שֶׁא עֵ֚שֶׂב מַזְרִ֣יעַ זֶ֔רַע עֵ֣ץ פְּרִ֞י עֹ֤שֶׂה פְּרִי֙ לְמִינ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֥ר זַרְעוֹ־ב֖וֹ עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וַֽיְהִי־כֵֽן׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾĕlōhîm* *tadšēʾ* the *ʾāreṣ* *dešeʾ* *ʿēśeb* *mazrîaʿ* *zeraʿ* *ʿēṣ* *pĕrî* *ʿōśeh* *pĕrî* to *mîn*-his which *zarʿô*-in-him upon the *ʾāreṣ* and *wayĕhî*-*kēn*",
"grammar": {
"*tadšēʾ*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular, jussive - let sprout/bring forth",
"*dešeʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - vegetation/greenery",
"*ʿēśeb*": "noun, masculine singular - herb/plant",
"*mazrîaʿ*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - yielding/producing",
"*zeraʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - seed",
"*ʿēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - tree of",
"*pĕrî*": "noun, masculine singular - fruit",
"*ʿōśeh*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - making/producing",
"*lĕ-mîn*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + 3ms suffix - according to kind-its",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*zarʿô-bô*": "noun + preposition + 3ms suffix - seed-its in-it",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on"
},
"variants": {
"*tadšēʾ*": "let sprout/let bring forth/let produce vegetation",
"*dešeʾ*": "vegetation/greenery/grass",
"*ʿēśeb*": "herb/plant/vegetation",
"*mazrîaʿ*": "yielding/producing/bearing",
"*zeraʿ*": "seed/offspring/descendant",
"*ʿēṣ*": "tree/wood",
"*pĕrî*": "fruit/produce/result",
"*ʿōśeh*": "making/producing/bearing",
"*mîn*": "kind/species/sort"
}
}
12{
"verseID": "Genesis.1.12",
"source": "וַתּוֹצֵ֨א הָאָ֜רֶץ דֶּ֠שֶׁא עֵ֣שֶׂב מַזְרִ֤יעַ זֶ֙רַע֙ לְמִינֵ֔הוּ וְעֵ֧ץ עֹֽשֶׂה־פְּרִ֛י אֲשֶׁ֥ר זַרְעוֹ־ב֖וֹ לְמִינֵ֑הוּ וַיַּ֥רְא אֱלֹהִ֖ים כִּי־טֽוֹב׃",
"text": "And *wattôṣēʾ* the *ʾāreṣ* *dešeʾ* *ʿēśeb* *mazrîaʿ* *zeraʿ* to *mîn*-his and *ʿēṣ* *ʿōśeh*-*pĕrî* which *zarʿô*-in-him to *mîn*-his and *wayyarʾ* *ʾĕlōhîm* that *ṭôb*",
"grammar": {
"*wattôṣēʾ*": "verb, hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and brought forth",
"*lĕ-mînēhû*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct + 3ms suffix - according to kind-its",
"*wĕ-ʿēṣ*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and tree",
"*ʿōśeh-pĕrî*": "verb, qal participle + noun - making fruit"
},
"variants": {
"*wattôṣēʾ*": "and brought forth/and produced/and put forth"
}
}
13{
"verseID": "Genesis.1.13",
"source": "וֽ͏ַיְהִי־עֶ֥רֶב וֽ͏ַיְהִי־בֹ֖קֶר י֥וֹם שְׁלִישִֽׁי׃",
"text": "And *wayĕhî*-*ʿereb* and *wayĕhî*-*bōqer* *yôm* *šĕlîšî*",
"grammar": {
"*šĕlîšî*": "ordinal number, masculine singular - third"
},
"variants": {
"*šĕlîšî*": "third"
}
}
14{
"verseID": "Genesis.1.14",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֱלֹהִ֗ים יְהִ֤י מְאֹרֹת֙ בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם לְהַבְדִּ֕יל בֵּ֥ין הַיּ֖וֹם וּבֵ֣ין הַלָּ֑יְלָה וְהָי֤וּ לְאֹתֹת֙ וּלְמ֣וֹעֲדִ֔ים וּלְיָמִ֖ים וְשָׁנִֽים׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *ʾĕlōhîm* *yĕhî* *mĕʾōrōt* in *rĕqîaʿ* the *šāmayim* to *habdîl* between the *yôm* and between the *lāylāh* and *hāyû* for *ʾōtōt* and for *môʿădîm* and for *yāmîm* and *šānîm*",
"grammar": {
"*mĕʾōrōt*": "noun, masculine plural - lights/luminaries",
"*bi-rĕqîaʿ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in firmament of",
"*lĕ-habdîl*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to separate/divide",
"*hāyû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they will be",
"*lĕ-ʾōtōt*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - for signs",
"*û-lĕ-môʿădîm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural - and for appointed times",
"*û-lĕ-yāmîm*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine plural - and for days",
"*wĕ-šānîm*": "conjunction + noun, feminine plural - and years"
},
"variants": {
"*mĕʾōrōt*": "lights/luminaries/light-bearers",
"*habdîl*": "to separate/to divide/to distinguish",
"*ʾōtōt*": "signs/signals/markers",
"*môʿădîm*": "appointed times/festivals/seasons",
"*yāmîm*": "days/periods of time",
"*šānîm*": "years/annual cycles"
}
}
15{
"verseID": "Genesis.1.15",
"source": "וְהָי֤וּ לִמְאוֹרֹת֙ בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמַ֔יִם לְהָאִ֖יר עַל־הָאָ֑רֶץ וֽ͏ַיְהִי־כֵֽן׃",
"text": "And *hāyû* for *mĕʾôrôt* in *rĕqîaʿ* the *šāmayim* to *hāʾîr* upon the *ʾāreṣ* and *wayĕhî*-*kēn*",
"grammar": {
"*wĕ-hāyû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and they will be",
"*li-mĕʾôrôt*": "preposition + noun, masculine plural - for lights",
"*lĕ-hāʾîr*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to give light"
},
"variants": {
"*hāʾîr*": "to give light/to illuminate/to shine"
}
}
16{
"verseID": "Genesis.1.16",
"source": "וַיַּ֣עַשׂ אֱלֹהִ֔ים אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הַמְּאֹרֹ֖ת הַגְּדֹלִ֑ים אֶת־הַמָּא֤וֹר הַגָּדֹל֙ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת הַיּ֔וֹם וְאֶת־הַמָּא֤וֹר הַקָּטֹן֙ לְמֶמְשֶׁ֣לֶת הַלַּ֔יְלָה וְאֵ֖ת הַכּוֹכָבִֽים׃",
"text": "And *wayyaʿaś* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾet*-*šĕnê* the *mĕʾōrōt* the *gĕdōlîm* *ʾet*-the *māʾôr* the *gādōl* for *memšelet* the *yôm* and *ʾet*-the *māʾôr* the *qāṭōn* for *memšelet* the *lāylāh* and *ʾēt* the *kôkābîm*",
"grammar": {
"*šĕnê*": "cardinal number, masculine construct - two of",
"*gĕdōlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great",
"*māʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular - light/luminary",
"*gādōl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great",
"*lĕ-memšelet*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - for dominion of",
"*qāṭōn*": "adjective, masculine singular - small",
"*kôkābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - stars"
},
"variants": {
"*šĕnê*": "two/pair/couple",
"*gĕdōlîm*": "great/large/mighty",
"*māʾôr*": "light/luminary/light-bearer",
"*gādōl*": "great/large/mighty",
"*memšelet*": "dominion/rule/authority",
"*qāṭōn*": "small/lesser/younger",
"*kôkābîm*": "stars/celestial bodies"
}
}
17{
"verseID": "Genesis.1.17",
"source": "וַיִּתֵּ֥ן אֹתָ֛ם אֱלֹהִ֖ים בִּרְקִ֣יעַ הַשָּׁמָ֑יִם לְהָאִ֖יר עַל־הָאָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "And *wayyittēn* *ʾōtām* *ʾĕlōhîm* in *rĕqîaʿ* the *šāmayim* to *hāʾîr* upon the *ʾāreṣ*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyittēn*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and placed/set",
"*ʾōtām*": "direct object marker + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - them"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyittēn*": "and placed/and set/and put/and established"
}
}