Jer 50:1-9 : 1 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.1",
"source": "הַדָּבָ֗ר אֲשֶׁ֨ר דִּבֶּ֧ר יְהוָ֛ה אֶל־בָּבֶ֖ל אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים בְּיַ֖ד יִרְמְיָ֥הוּ הַנָּבִֽיא׃",
"text": "The *dābār* which *dibbēr* *YHWH* to-*Bābel* to-*ʾereṣ* *Kaśdîm* by-*yad* *Yirmĕyāhû* the-*nābîʾ*.",
"grammar": {
"*dābār*": "definite noun, masculine singular - word/matter/thing",
"*dibbēr*": "piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - spoke/declared",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh",
"*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*Kaśdîm*": "proper noun, plural - Chaldeans",
"*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of/by means of",
"*Yirmĕyāhû*": "proper noun - Jeremiah",
"*nābîʾ*": "definite noun, masculine singular - prophet"
},
"variants": {
"*dābār*": "word/message/matter/thing/command",
"*dibbēr*": "spoke/declared/pronounced",
"*yad*": "hand/agency/authority"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.2",
"source": "הַגִּ֨ידוּ בַגּוֹיִ֤ם וְהַשְׁמִ֙יעוּ֙ וּֽשְׂאוּ־נֵ֔ס הַשְׁמִ֖יעוּ אַל־תְּכַחֵ֑דוּ אִמְרוּ֩ נִלְכְּדָ֨ה בָבֶ֜ל הֹבִ֥ישׁ בֵּל֙ חַ֣ת מְרֹדָ֔ךְ הֹבִ֣ישׁוּ עֲצַבֶּ֔יהָ חַ֖תּוּ גִּלּוּלֶֽיהָ׃",
"text": "*Haggîdû* in-the-*gôyim* and-*hašmîʿû* and-*śĕʾû*-*nēs* *hašmîʿû* not-*tĕkahēdû* *ʾimrû* *nilkĕdâ* *Bābel* *hôbîš* *Bēl* *ḥat* *Mĕrōdāk* *hôbîšû* *ʿăṣabbêhā* *ḥattû* *gillûlêhā*.",
"grammar": {
"*Haggîdû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - declare/tell/announce",
"*gôyim*": "definite noun, masculine plural - nations/gentiles",
"*hašmîʿû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - cause to hear/proclaim",
"*śĕʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - lift up/raise",
"*nēs*": "noun, masculine singular - banner/standard/signal",
"*tĕkahēdû*": "piel imperfect, 2nd masculine plural with negative prefix - do not conceal/hide",
"*ʾimrû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - say/speak",
"*nilkĕdâ*": "niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - is captured/seized",
"*hôbîš*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is put to shame/confounded",
"*Bēl*": "proper noun - Bel (Babylonian deity)",
"*ḥat*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is broken/dismayed/terrified",
"*Mĕrōdāk*": "proper noun - Merodach (Babylonian deity)",
"*hôbîšû*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural - are put to shame/confounded",
"*ʿăṣabbêhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her idols",
"*ḥattû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - are broken/dismayed/terrified",
"*gillûlêhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her idols/images"
},
"variants": {
"*nēs*": "banner/standard/signal/pole",
"*nilkĕdâ*": "is captured/taken/seized",
"*hôbîš*": "is put to shame/confounded/dismayed",
"*ḥat*": "is broken/dismayed/terrified/shattered",
"*ʿăṣabbêhā*": "her idols/images/carved figures",
"*gillûlêhā*": "her idols/images (contemptuous term implying dung-like nature)"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.3",
"source": "כִּ֣י עָלָה֩ עָלֶ֨יהָ גּ֜וֹי מִצָּפ֗וֹן הֽוּא־יָשִׁ֤ית אֶת־אַרְצָהּ֙ לְשַׁמָּ֔ה וְלֹֽא־יִהְיֶ֥ה יוֹשֵׁ֖ב בָּ֑הּ מֵאָדָ֥ם וְעַד־בְּהֵמָ֖ה נָ֥דוּ הָלָֽכוּ׃",
"text": "For *ʿālâ* against-her *gôy* from-*ṣāpôn* he-*yāšît* *ʾet*-*ʾarṣāh* to-*šammâ* and-not-*yihyê* *yôšēb* in-her from-*ʾādām* and-unto-*bĕhēmâ* *nādû* *hālākû*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿālâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - comes up/ascends/advances",
"*gôy*": "noun, masculine singular - nation/people",
"*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north",
"*yāšît*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will make/set/place",
"*ʾarṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her land",
"*šammâ*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation/waste",
"*yihyê*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be",
"*yôšēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one dwelling/inhabitant",
"*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind/human",
"*bĕhēmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - beast/cattle/animal",
"*nādû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they flee/wander",
"*hālākû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they go/walk/depart"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿālâ*": "comes up/ascends/advances/attacks",
"*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles",
"*šammâ*": "desolation/waste/horror/astonishment",
"*nādû*": "they flee/wander/depart"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.4",
"source": "בַּיָּמִ֨ים הָהֵ֜מָּה וּבָעֵ֤ת הַהִיא֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה יָבֹ֧אוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל הֵ֥מָּה וּבְנֵֽי־יְהוּדָ֖ה יַחְדָּ֑ו הָל֤וֹךְ וּבָכוֹ֙ יֵלֵ֔כוּ וְאֶת־יְהוָ֥ה אֱלֹהֵיהֶ֖ם יְבַקֵּֽשׁוּ׃",
"text": "In-the-*yāmîm* *hāhēmmâ* and-in-the-*ʿēt* *hahîʾ* *nĕʾum*-*YHWH* *yābōʾû* *bĕnê*-*Yiśrāʾēl* they and-*bĕnê*-*Yĕhûdâ* *yaḥdāw* *hālôk* and-*bākô* *yēlēkû* and-*ʾet*-*YHWH* *ʾĕlōhêhem* *yĕbaqqēšû*.",
"grammar": {
"*yāmîm*": "definite noun, masculine plural - days",
"*hāhēmmâ*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine plural - those",
"*ʿēt*": "definite noun, feminine singular - time",
"*hahîʾ*": "demonstrative adjective, feminine singular - that",
"*nĕʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration/utterance of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh",
"*yābōʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will come",
"*bĕnê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*Yĕhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/jointly",
"*hālôk*": "qal infinitive absolute - going",
"*bākô*": "qal infinitive absolute - weeping",
"*yēlēkû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will go/walk",
"*ʾĕlōhêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their God",
"*yĕbaqqēšû*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will seek/search for"
},
"variants": {
"*nĕʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle",
"*hālôk* and *bākô*": "Hebrew idiom indicating continuous action - 'continually going and weeping'",
"*yĕbaqqēšû*": "they will seek/search for/inquire after/desire"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.5",
"source": "צִיּ֣וֹן יִשְׁאָ֔לוּ דֶּ֖רֶךְ הֵ֣נָּה פְנֵיהֶ֑ם בֹּ֚אוּ וְנִלְו֣וּ אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה בְּרִ֥ית עוֹלָ֖ם לֹ֥א תִשָּׁכֵֽחַ׃",
"text": "*Ṣiyyôn* *yišʾālû* *derek* *hēnnâ* *pĕnêhem* *bōʾû* and-*nilwû* to-*YHWH* *bĕrît* *ʿôlām* not *tiššākēaḥ*.",
"grammar": {
"*Ṣiyyôn*": "proper noun - Zion",
"*yišʾālû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will ask/inquire",
"*derek*": "noun, feminine singular - way/road/path",
"*hēnnâ*": "adverb - here/hither",
"*pĕnêhem*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their faces",
"*bōʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - come",
"*nilwû*": "niphal imperative, masculine plural - join/attach yourselves",
"*bĕrît*": "noun, feminine singular construct - covenant of",
"*ʿôlām*": "noun, masculine singular - eternity/everlasting",
"*tiššākēaḥ*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will be forgotten"
},
"variants": {
"*yišʾālû*": "they will ask/inquire/request",
"*derek*": "way/road/path/direction/journey",
"*hēnnâ* *pĕnêhem*": "idiomatic expression - 'their faces [turned] this way'",
"*nilwû*": "join/attach/accompany yourselves",
"*bĕrît* *ʿôlām*": "everlasting covenant/eternal agreement"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.6",
"source": "צֹ֤אן אֹֽבְדוֹת֙ *היה **הָי֣וּ עַמִּ֔י רֹעֵיהֶ֣ם הִתְע֔וּם הָרִ֖ים *שובבים **שֽׁוֹבְב֑וּם מֵהַ֤ר אֶל־גִּבְעָה֙ הָלָ֔כוּ שָׁכְח֖וּ רִבְצָֽם׃",
"text": "*ṣōʾn* *ʾōbĕdôt* *hāyû* *ʿammî* *rōʿêhem* *hitʿûm* *hārîm* *šôbĕbûm* from-*har* to-*gibʿâ* *hālākû* *šākĕḥû* *ribṣām*.",
"grammar": {
"*ṣōʾn*": "noun, feminine singular - sheep/flock",
"*ʾōbĕdôt*": "qal participle, feminine plural - lost/perishing/wandering",
"*hāyû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they were/have been (Kethib/Qere variant in source)",
"*ʿammî*": "noun, masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - my people",
"*rōʿêhem*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their shepherds",
"*hitʿûm*": "hiphil perfect, 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - caused them to err/led them astray",
"*hārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - mountains",
"*šôbĕbûm*": "polel perfect, 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - have turned them away/led them astray (Kethib/Qere variant in source)",
"*har*": "noun, masculine singular - mountain",
"*gibʿâ*": "noun, feminine singular - hill",
"*hālākû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they went/walked",
"*šākĕḥû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they forgot",
"*ribṣām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their resting place"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣōʾn* *ʾōbĕdôt*": "lost sheep/perishing flock",
"*hitʿûm*": "caused them to err/led them astray/misled them",
"*šôbĕbûm*": "turned them away/led them astray/made them backslide",
"*ribṣām*": "their resting place/fold/pasture"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.7",
"source": "כָּל־מוֹצְאֵיהֶ֣ם אֲכָל֔וּם וְצָרֵיהֶ֥ם אָמְר֖וּ לֹ֣א נֶאְשָׁ֑ם תַּ֗חַת אֲשֶׁ֨ר חָטְא֤וּ לַֽיהוָה֙ נְוֵה־צֶ֔דֶק וּמִקְוֵ֥ה אֲבֽוֹתֵיהֶ֖ם יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "All-*môṣĕʾêhem* *ʾăkālûm* and-*ṣārêhem* *ʾāmĕrû* not *neʾšām* *taḥat* which *ḥāṭĕʾû* to-*YHWH* *nĕwê*-*ṣedeq* and-*miqwê* *ʾăbôtêhem* *YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*môṣĕʾêhem*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - those finding them",
"*ʾăkālûm*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - devoured them",
"*ṣārêhem*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their adversaries",
"*ʾāmĕrû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they said",
"*neʾšām*": "qal imperfect, 1st common plural - we are guilty",
"*taḥat*": "preposition - because/in place of",
"*ḥāṭĕʾû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they sinned",
"*nĕwê*": "noun, masculine singular construct - dwelling of/pasture of",
"*ṣedeq*": "noun, masculine singular - righteousness",
"*miqwê*": "noun, masculine singular construct - hope of",
"*ʾăbôtêhem*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their fathers"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾăkālûm*": "devoured/consumed them",
"*neʾšām*": "we are guilty/we have no guilt/we bear no blame",
"*nĕwê*-*ṣedeq*": "dwelling of righteousness/pasture of justice",
"*miqwê*": "hope/expectation/gathering"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.8",
"source": "נֻ֚דוּ מִתּ֣וֹךְ בָּבֶ֔ל וּמֵאֶ֥רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֖ים *יצאו **צֵ֑אוּ וִהְי֕וּ כְּעַתּוּדִ֖ים לִפְנֵי־צֹֽאן׃",
"text": "*Nudû* from-*tôk* *Bābel* and-from-*ʾereṣ* *Kaśdîm* *ṣēʾû* and-*wihyû* like-*ʿattûdîm* before-*ṣōʾn*.",
"grammar": {
"*Nudû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - flee/wander",
"*tôk*": "noun, masculine singular construct - midst of",
"*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*Kaśdîm*": "proper noun, plural - Chaldeans",
"*ṣēʾû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - go out/come out (Kethib/Qere variant in source)",
"*wihyû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - be/become",
"*ʿattûdîm*": "noun, masculine plural - male goats/leaders",
"*ṣōʾn*": "noun, feminine singular - sheep/flock"
},
"variants": {
"*Nudû*": "flee/wander/depart",
"*tôk*": "midst/middle/among",
"*ʿattûdîm*": "male goats/he-goats/leaders",
"*ʿattûdîm* before-*ṣōʾn*": "idiomatic expression suggesting leadership or going ahead"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.9",
"source": "כִּ֣י הִנֵּ֣ה אָנֹכִ֡י מֵעִיר֩ וּמַעֲלֶ֨ה עַל־בָּבֶ֜ל קְהַל־גּוֹיִ֤ם גְּדֹלִים֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ צָפ֔וֹן וְעָ֣רְכוּ לָ֔הּ מִשָּׁ֖ם תִּלָּכֵ֑ד חִצָּיו֙ כְּגִבּ֣וֹר מַשְׁכִּ֔יל לֹ֥א יָשׁ֖וּב רֵיקָֽם׃",
"text": "For *hinnê* *ʾānōkî* *mēʿîr* and-*maʿălê* against-*Bābel* *qĕhal*-*gôyim* *gĕdōlîm* from-*ʾereṣ* *ṣāpôn* and-*ʿārĕkû* to-her from-there *tillākēd* *ḥiṣṣāyw* like-*gibbôr* *maśkîl* not *yāšûb* *rêqām*.",
"grammar": {
"*hinnê*": "demonstrative particle - behold/see",
"*ʾānōkî*": "1st singular independent pronoun - I",
"*mēʿîr*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - arousing/stirring up",
"*maʿălê*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - bringing up/causing to go up",
"*qĕhal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - assembly of/congregation of",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations",
"*gĕdōlîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - great/large",
"*ʾereṣ*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*ṣāpôn*": "noun, masculine singular - north",
"*ʿārĕkû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they will arrange/set in order",
"*tillākēd*": "niphal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be captured",
"*ḥiṣṣāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his arrows",
"*gibbôr*": "noun, masculine singular - mighty man/warrior",
"*maśkîl*": "hiphil participle, masculine singular - acting wisely/skillful",
"*yāšûb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will return",
"*rêqām*": "adverb - empty/without effect"
},
"variants": {
"*mēʿîr*": "arousing/stirring up/awakening",
"*maʿălê*": "bringing up/causing to go up",
"*ʿārĕkû*": "they will arrange/set in order/prepare [for battle]",
"*gibbôr* *maśkîl*": "skilled warrior/expert fighter",
"*rêqām*": "empty/without effect/in vain"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.10",
"source": "וְהָיְתָ֥ה כַשְׂדִּ֖ים לְשָׁלָ֑ל כָּל־שֹׁלְלֶ֥יהָ יִשְׂבָּ֖עוּ נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃",
"text": "And-*hāyĕtâ* *Kaśdîm* for-*šālāl* all-*šōlĕlêhā* *yiśbāʿû* *nĕʾum*-*YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*hāyĕtâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be",
"*Kaśdîm*": "proper noun, plural - Chaldea/Chaldeans",
"*šālāl*": "noun, masculine singular - plunder/spoil",
"*šōlĕlêhā*": "qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - those plundering her",
"*yiśbāʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will be satisfied",
"*nĕʾum*": "noun, masculine singular construct - declaration of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh"
},
"variants": {
"*šālāl*": "plunder/spoil/booty",
"*šōlĕlêhā*": "those plundering/spoiling/despoiling her",
"*yiśbāʿû*": "they will be satisfied/have enough/be filled"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.11",
"source": "כִּ֤י *תשמחי **תִשְׂמְחוּ֙ כִּ֣י *תעלזי **תַֽעֲלְז֔וּ שֹׁסֵ֖י נַחֲלָתִ֑י כִּ֤י *תפושי **תָפ֙וּשׁוּ֙ כְּעֶגְלָ֣ה דָשָׁ֔ה *ותצהלי **וְתִצְהֲל֖וּ כָּאֲבִּרִֽים׃",
"text": "For *tiśmĕḥû* for *taʿalzû* *šōsê* *naḥălātî* for *tāpûšû* like-*ʿeglâ* *dāšâ* and-*tiṣhalû* like-*ʾabbîrîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*tiśmĕḥû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you rejoice (Kethib/Qere variant in source - feminine singular/masculine plural)",
"*taʿalzû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you exult (Kethib/Qere variant in source - feminine singular/masculine plural)",
"*šōsê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - plunderers of",
"*naḥălātî*": "noun, feminine singular with 1st singular suffix - my inheritance/heritage",
"*tāpûšû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you grow fat/spring about (Kethib/Qere variant in source - feminine singular/masculine plural)",
"*ʿeglâ*": "noun, feminine singular - heifer",
"*dāšâ*": "qal participle, feminine singular - threshing",
"*tiṣhalû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural - you neigh (Kethib/Qere variant in source - feminine singular/masculine plural)",
"*ʾabbîrîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - mighty/strong ones"
},
"variants": {
"*tiśmĕḥû*": "you rejoice/are glad",
"*taʿalzû*": "you exult/rejoice greatly",
"*šōsê*": "plunderers/spoilers/looters of",
"*tāpûšû*": "you grow fat/spring about/frisk",
"*dāšâ*": "threshing/trampling grain",
"*tiṣhalû*": "you neigh/make loud sounds",
"*ʾabbîrîm*": "mighty ones/stallions/steeds"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.12",
"source": "בּ֤וֹשָׁה אִמְּכֶם֙ מְאֹ֔ד חָפְרָ֖ה יֽוֹלַדְתְּכֶ֑ם הִנֵּה֙ אַחֲרִ֣ית גּוֹיִ֔ם מִדְבָּ֖ר צִיָּ֥ה וַעֲרָבָֽה׃",
"text": "*Bôšâ* *ʾimmĕkem* *mĕʾōd* *ḥāpĕrâ* *yôladtĕkem* *hinnê* *ʾaḥărît* *gôyim* *midbār* *ṣiyyâ* and-*ʿărābâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*Bôšâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she is ashamed",
"*ʾimmĕkem*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - your mother",
"*mĕʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly",
"*ḥāpĕrâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she is disgraced/confounded",
"*yôladtĕkem*": "qal participle, feminine singular with 2nd masculine plural suffix - she who bore you",
"*hinnê*": "demonstrative particle - behold/see",
"*ʾaḥărît*": "noun, feminine singular construct - end of/last of",
"*gôyim*": "noun, masculine plural - nations",
"*midbār*": "noun, masculine singular - wilderness/desert",
"*ṣiyyâ*": "noun, feminine singular - dry land/drought",
"*ʿărābâ*": "noun, feminine singular - desert plain/wilderness"
},
"variants": {
"*Bôšâ*": "she is ashamed/put to shame",
"*ḥāpĕrâ*": "she is disgraced/confounded/put to shame",
"*yôladtĕkem*": "she who bore you/your birthgiver",
"*ʾaḥărît* *gôyim*": "last of nations/least of nations/end of nations",
"*midbār*": "wilderness/desert/uninhabited land",
"*ṣiyyâ*": "dry land/drought/parched region",
"*ʿărābâ*": "desert plain/wilderness/steppe"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.13",
"source": "מִקֶּ֤צֶף יְהוָה֙ לֹ֣א תֵשֵׁ֔ב וְהָיְתָ֥ה שְׁמָמָ֖ה כֻּלָּ֑הּ כֹּ֚ל עֹבֵ֣ר עַל־בָּבֶ֔ל יִשֹּׁ֥ם וְיִשְׁרֹ֖ק עַל־כָּל־מַכּוֹתֶֽיהָ׃",
"text": "From-*qeṣep* *YHWH* not *tēšēb* and-*hāyĕtâ* *šĕmāmâ* all-of-her all *ʿōbēr* upon-*Bābel* *yiššōm* and-*yišrōq* upon-all-*makkôtêhā*.",
"grammar": {
"*qeṣep*": "noun, masculine singular construct - wrath of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh",
"*tēšēb*": "qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be inhabited",
"*hāyĕtâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be",
"*šĕmāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - desolation",
"*ʿōbēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - one passing by",
"*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*yiššōm*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will be appalled",
"*yišrōq*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will hiss/whistle",
"*makkôtêhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her wounds/plagues"
},
"variants": {
"*qeṣep*": "wrath/anger/indignation",
"*tēšēb*": "she will be inhabited/dwelt in",
"*šĕmāmâ*": "desolation/waste/horror",
"*yiššōm*": "he will be appalled/astonished/horrified",
"*yišrōq*": "he will hiss/whistle (gesture of scorn or amazement)",
"*makkôtêhā*": "her wounds/plagues/disasters"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.14",
"source": "עִרְכ֨וּ עַל־בָּבֶ֤ל ׀ סָבִיב֙ כָּל־דֹּ֣רְכֵי קֶ֔שֶׁת יְד֣וּ אֵלֶ֔יהָ אַֽל־תַּחְמְל֖וּ אֶל־חֵ֑ץ כִּ֥י לַֽיהוָ֖ה חָטָֽאָה׃",
"text": "*ʿIrkû* against-*Bābel* *sābîb* all-*dōrĕkê* *qešet* *yĕdû* to-her not-*taḥmĕlû* to-*ḥēṣ* for to-*YHWH* *ḥāṭāʾâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʿIrkû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - array/draw up in battle order",
"*Bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding",
"*dōrĕkê*": "qal participle, masculine plural construct - those who bend/tread",
"*qešet*": "noun, feminine singular - bow",
"*yĕdû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - shoot/throw",
"*taḥmĕlû*": "qal imperfect, 2nd masculine plural (jussive sense with negative) - spare/pity",
"*ḥēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - arrow",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh",
"*ḥāṭāʾâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has sinned"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿIrkû*": "array/draw up in battle order/prepare",
"*dōrĕkê* *qešet*": "those who bend/tread the bow (archers)",
"*yĕdû*": "shoot/throw/cast",
"*taḥmĕlû*": "spare/pity/have compassion",
"*ḥāṭāʾâ*": "she has sinned/offended/done wrong"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.15",
"source": "הָרִ֨יעוּ עָלֶ֤יהָ סָבִיב֙ נָתְנָ֣ה יָדָ֔הּ נָֽפְלוּ֙ *אשויתיה **אָשְׁיוֹתֶ֔יהָ נֶהֶרְס֖וּ חֽוֹמוֹתֶ֑יהָ כִּי֩ נִקְמַ֨ת יְהוָ֥ה הִיא֙ הִנָּ֣קְמוּ בָ֔הּ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשְׂתָ֖ה עֲשׂוּ־לָֽהּ׃",
"text": "*Hārîʿû* against-her *sābîb* *nātĕnâ* *yādāh* *nāpĕlû* *ʾāšyôtêhā* *nehersû* *ḥômôtêhā* for *niqmat* *YHWH* she *hinnāqĕmû* in-her as-which *ʿāśĕtâ* *ʿăśû*-to-her.",
"grammar": {
"*Hārîʿû*": "hiphil imperative, masculine plural - shout/sound alarm",
"*sābîb*": "adverb - around/surrounding",
"*nātĕnâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has given",
"*yādāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her hand",
"*nāpĕlû*": "qal perfect, 3rd common plural - they have fallen",
"*ʾāšyôtêhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her foundations (Kethib/Qere variant in source)",
"*nehersû*": "niphal perfect, 3rd common plural - they are demolished",
"*ḥômôtêhā*": "noun, feminine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her walls",
"*niqmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - vengeance of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD/Yahweh",
"*hinnāqĕmû*": "niphal imperative, masculine plural - take vengeance",
"*ʿāśĕtâ*": "qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - she has done",
"*ʿăśû*": "qal imperative, masculine plural - do"
},
"variants": {
"*Hārîʿû*": "shout/raise war cry/sound alarm",
"*nātĕnâ* *yādāh*": "idiom - she has surrendered/given up",
"*ʾāšyôtêhā*": "her foundations/pillars/supports",
"*nehersû*": "they are demolished/torn down/destroyed",
"*hinnāqĕmû*": "take vengeance/avenge yourselves"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.16",
"source": "כִּרְת֤וּ זוֹרֵ֙עַ֙ מִבָּבֶ֔ל וְתֹפֵ֥שׂ מַגָּ֖ל בְּעֵ֣ת קָצִ֑יר מִפְּנֵי֙ חֶ֣רֶב הַיּוֹנָ֔ה אִ֤ישׁ אֶל־עַמּוֹ֙ יִפְנ֔וּ וְאִ֥ישׁ לְאַרְצ֖וֹ יָנֻֽסוּ׃ ס",
"text": "*kirtu* *zoreaʿ* from *bavel* *wə-topes* *magal* in *ʿet* *qatsir*; from *pəney* *ḥerev* the *yonah*, *ʾish* to *ʿammo* *yipnu*, *wə-ʾish* to *ʾartso* *yanusu*.",
"grammar": {
"*kirtu*": "imperative plural - cut off/destroy",
"*zoreaʿ*": "participle, masculine singular - sower/one who sows",
"*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*wə-topes*": "conjunction + participle, masculine singular - and one who grasps/holds",
"*magal*": "noun, masculine singular - sickle",
"*ʿet*": "construct state - time of",
"*qatsir*": "noun, masculine singular - harvest",
"*pəney*": "construct noun - face of/before",
"*ḥerev*": "noun, feminine singular - sword",
"*yonah*": "adjective, feminine singular - oppressing/devastating",
"*ʾish*": "noun, masculine singular - man/each one",
"*ʿammo*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his people",
"*yipnu*": "imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will turn",
"*wə-ʾish*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and each one",
"*ʾartso*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his land",
"*yanusu*": "imperfect, 3rd person plural - they will flee"
},
"variants": {
"*kirtu*": "cut off/destroy/remove",
"*zoreaʿ*": "sower/planter/one who spreads seed",
"*topes*": "holder/wielder/one who grasps",
"*magal*": "sickle/harvesting implement",
"*ḥerev*": "sword/warfare/destruction",
"*yonah*": "oppressing/devastating/cruel/dove-like (possibly referring to swiftness)"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.17",
"source": "שֶׂ֧ה פְזוּרָ֛ה יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲרָי֣וֹת הִדִּ֑יחוּ הָרִאשׁ֤וֹן אֲכָלוֹ֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר וְזֶ֤ה הָאַחֲרוֹן֙ עִצְּמ֔וֹ נְבוּכַדְרֶאצַּ֖ר מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶֽל׃ ס",
"text": "*seh* *pəzurah* *yisraʾel* *ʾarayot* *hiddiḥu* the *riʾshon* *ʾakhalo* *melekh* *ʾashshur* *wə-zeh* the *ʾaḥaron* *ʿitstsəmo* *nəvukhadreʾtstsar* *melekh* *bavel*.",
"grammar": {
"*seh*": "noun, masculine singular - sheep/lamb",
"*pəzurah*": "adjective, feminine singular - scattered",
"*yisraʾel*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʾarayot*": "noun, masculine plural - lions",
"*hiddiḥu*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd person plural - they have driven away/scattered",
"*riʾshon*": "adjective, masculine singular + definite article - the first",
"*ʾakhalo*": "perfect, 3rd person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he has eaten/devoured him",
"*melekh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*ʾashshur*": "proper noun - Assyria",
"*wə-zeh*": "conjunction + demonstrative pronoun - and this",
"*ʾaḥaron*": "adjective, masculine singular + definite article - the last",
"*ʿitstsəmo*": "Piel perfect, 3rd person singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - he has broken/crushed his bones",
"*nəvukhadreʾtstsar*": "proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar",
"*melekh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon"
},
"variants": {
"*seh*": "sheep/lamb/flock member",
"*pəzurah*": "scattered/dispersed/driven away",
"*hiddiḥu*": "scattered/driven away/thrust aside",
"*ʾakhalo*": "devoured/consumed/eaten him",
"*ʿitstsəmo*": "broken his bones/crushed him/gnawed his bones"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.18",
"source": "לָכֵ֗ן כֹּֽה־אָמַ֞ר יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ אֱלֹהֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל הִנְנִ֥י פֹקֵ֛ד אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ בָּבֶ֖ל וְאֶל־אַרְצ֑וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר פָּקַ֖דְתִּי אֶל־מֶ֥לֶךְ אַשּֽׁוּר׃",
"text": "*lakhen* thus *ʾamar* *YHWH* *tsevaʾot* *ʾelohey* *yisraʾel* behold I *poqed* against *melekh* *bavel* and against *ʾartso* as *kaʾasher* *paqadti* against *melekh* *ʾashshur*.",
"grammar": {
"*lakhen*": "adverb - therefore",
"*ʾamar*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has said/spoken",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*tsevaʾot*": "noun, feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies",
"*ʾelohey*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of",
"*yisraʾel*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*poqed*": "participle, masculine singular - punishing/visiting",
"*melekh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*ʾartso*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his land",
"*kaʾasher*": "comparative conjunction - as/just as",
"*paqadti*": "perfect, 1st person singular - I have punished/visited",
"*melekh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - king of",
"*ʾashshur*": "proper noun - Assyria"
},
"variants": {
"*lakhen*": "therefore/for this reason",
"*poqed*": "punishing/visiting/attending to/bringing judgment upon",
"*paqadti*": "I punished/visited/attended to/brought judgment upon"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.19",
"source": "וְשֹׁבַבְתִּ֤י אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶל־נָוֵ֔הוּ וְרָעָ֥ה הַכַּרְמֶ֖ל וְהַבָּשָׁ֑ן וּבְהַ֥ר אֶפְרַ֛יִם וְהַגִּלְעָ֖ד תִּשְׂבַּ֥ע נַפְשֽׁוֹ׃",
"text": "*wə-shovavti* *ʾet*-*yisraʾel* to *navehu* *wə-raʿah* the *karmel* and the *bashan* and in mountain of *ʾefrayim* and the *gilʿad* *tisbaʿ* *nafsho*.",
"grammar": {
"*wə-shovavti*": "conjunction + Polel perfect, 1st person singular - and I will bring back/restore",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*yisraʾel*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*navehu*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his pasture/dwelling",
"*wə-raʿah*": "conjunction + perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he will graze/feed",
"*karmel*": "proper noun + definite article - the Carmel",
"*bashan*": "proper noun + definite article - the Bashan",
"*ʾefrayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim",
"*gilʿad*": "proper noun + definite article - the Gilead",
"*tisbaʿ*": "imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she will be satisfied",
"*nafsho*": "noun + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his soul/life/appetite"
},
"variants": {
"*shovavti*": "I will return/restore/bring back",
"*navehu*": "his pasture/dwelling place/habitat",
"*raʿah*": "he will graze/feed/shepherd",
"*tisbaʿ*": "will be satisfied/filled/have enough",
"*nafsho*": "his soul/life/appetite/desire"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.20",
"source": "בַּיָּמִ֣ים הָהֵם֩ וּבָעֵ֨ת הַהִ֜יא נְאֻם־יְהוָ֗ה יְבֻקַּ֞שׁ אֶת־עֲוֺ֤ן יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ וְאֵינֶ֔נּוּ וְאֶת־חַטֹּ֥את יְהוּדָ֖ה וְלֹ֣א תִמָּצֶ֑אינָה כִּ֥י אֶסְלַ֖ח לַאֲשֶׁ֥ר אַשְׁאִֽיר׃",
"text": "In the *yamim* those and in the *ʿet* that *nəʾum*-*YHWH* *yəvuqqash* *ʾet*-*ʿavon* *yisraʾel* *wə-ʾeynennu* and *ʾet*-*ḥattot* *yəhudah* and not *timmatseʾnah* for *ʾeslaḥ* to those whom *ʾashʾir*.",
"grammar": {
"*yamim*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article - the days",
"*ʿet*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the time",
"*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*yəvuqqash*": "Pual imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it will be sought",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿavon*": "noun, masculine singular construct - iniquity of",
"*yisraʾel*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wə-ʾeynennu*": "conjunction + negative particle + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and it is not",
"*ḥattot*": "noun, feminine plural construct - sins of",
"*yəhudah*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*timmatseʾnah*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will be found",
"*ʾeslaḥ*": "imperfect, 1st person singular - I will forgive/pardon",
"*ʾashʾir*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular - I will leave/spare/reserve"
},
"variants": {
"*nəʾum*": "utterance/declaration/oracle",
"*yəvuqqash*": "will be sought/searched for",
"*ʿavon*": "iniquity/guilt/punishment for iniquity",
"*ʾeynennu*": "it is not/it will not exist",
"*ḥattot*": "sins/offenses/failures",
"*timmatseʾnah*": "they will be found/discovered/located",
"*ʾeslaḥ*": "I will forgive/pardon/show mercy",
"*ʾashʾir*": "I will leave/spare/reserve/keep"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.21",
"source": "עַל־הָאָ֤רֶץ מְרָתַ֙יִם֙ עֲלֵ֣ה עָלֶ֔יהָ וְאֶל־יוֹשְׁבֵ֖י פְּק֑וֹד חֲרֹ֨ב וְהַחֲרֵ֤ם אַֽחֲרֵיהֶם֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה וַעֲשֵׂ֕ה כְּכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוִּיתִֽיךָ׃ ס",
"text": "Against the *ʾarets* *məratayim* *ʿaleh* against her and against *yoshvey* *pəqod* *ḥarov* and *haḥarem* after them *nəʾum*-*YHWH* and *ʿaseh* according to all which *tsivviticha*.",
"grammar": {
"*ʾarets*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the land",
"*məratayim*": "proper noun/place name - Merathaim",
"*ʿaleh*": "imperative, masculine singular - go up",
"*yoshvey*": "participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of",
"*pəqod*": "proper noun/place name - Pekod",
"*ḥarov*": "imperative, masculine singular - destroy/slay",
"*haḥarem*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine singular - utterly destroy/devote to destruction",
"*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ʿaseh*": "imperative, masculine singular - do",
"*tsivviticha*": "Piel perfect, 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I have commanded you"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾarets*": "land/earth/territory",
"*məratayim*": "Double Rebellion/Double Bitterness (symbolic name for Babylon)",
"*ʿaleh*": "go up/ascend/attack",
"*pəqod*": "Visitation/Punishment (symbolic name for Babylonian region)",
"*ḥarov*": "destroy/slay/waste",
"*haḥarem*": "utterly destroy/ban/devote to destruction",
"*ʿaseh*": "do/perform/accomplish"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.22",
"source": "ק֥וֹל מִלְחָמָ֖ה בָּאָ֑רֶץ וְשֶׁ֖בֶר גָּדֽוֹל׃",
"text": "*qol* *milḥamah* in the *ʾarets* and *shever* *gadol*.",
"grammar": {
"*qol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of",
"*milḥamah*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle",
"*ʾarets*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the land",
"*shever*": "noun, masculine singular - breaking/destruction",
"*gadol*": "adjective, masculine singular - great"
},
"variants": {
"*qol*": "sound/noise/voice",
"*milḥamah*": "war/battle/fighting",
"*shever*": "breaking/destruction/fracture/ruin",
"*gadol*": "great/large/mighty"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.23",
"source": "אֵ֤יךְ נִגְדַּע֙ וַיִּשָּׁבֵ֔ר פַּטִּ֖ישׁ כָּל־הָאָ֑רֶץ אֵ֣יךְ הָיְתָ֧ה לְשַׁמָּ֛ה בָּבֶ֖ל בַּגּוֹיִֽם׃",
"text": "How *nigdaʿ* and *yishshaver* *pattish* all the *ʾarets*! How *haytah* *lə-shammah* *bavel* among the *goyim*!",
"grammar": {
"*ʾeykh*": "interrogative adverb - how",
"*nigdaʿ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - it has been cut down/hewn down",
"*yishshaver*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and it has been broken",
"*pattish*": "noun, masculine singular - hammer",
"*ʾarets*": "noun, feminine singular + definite article - the land/earth",
"*haytah*": "perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has become",
"*lə-shammah*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - to desolation/horror",
"*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*goyim*": "noun, masculine plural + definite article - the nations"
},
"variants": {
"*nigdaʿ*": "cut down/hewn down/chopped off",
"*yishshaver*": "broken/shattered/destroyed",
"*pattish*": "hammer/mallet (metaphor for Babylon as conqueror)",
"*shammah*": "desolation/horror/waste/object of horror",
"*goyim*": "nations/peoples/gentiles"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.24",
"source": "יָקֹ֨שְׁתִּי לָ֤ךְ וְגַם־נִלְכַּדְתְּ֙ בָּבֶ֔ל וְאַ֖תְּ לֹ֣א יָדָ֑עַתְּ נִמְצֵאת֙ וְגַם־נִתְפַּ֔שְׂתְּ כִּ֥י בַֽיהוָ֖ה הִתְגָּרִֽית׃",
"text": "*yaqoshti* for you and also *nilkadt* *bavel* and you not *yadaʿat* *nimtset* and also *nitpast* for against *YHWH* *hitgarit*.",
"grammar": {
"*yaqoshti*": "Qal perfect, 1st person singular - I have set a snare",
"*nilkadt*": "Niphal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you have been caught/trapped",
"*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*yadaʿat*": "perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you knew",
"*nimtset*": "Niphal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you have been found",
"*nitpast*": "Niphal perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you have been seized",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*hitgarit*": "Hithpael perfect, 2nd person feminine singular - you have engaged in strife"
},
"variants": {
"*yaqoshti*": "I have set a snare/trap/laid a snare",
"*nilkadt*": "you have been caught/trapped/captured",
"*yadaʿat*": "you knew/perceived/realized",
"*nimtset*": "you have been found/discovered",
"*nitpast*": "you have been seized/captured/taken",
"*hitgarit*": "you have provoked/contended with/engaged in strife with"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.25",
"source": "פָּתַ֤ח יְהוָה֙ אֶת־א֣וֹצָר֔וֹ וַיּוֹצֵ֖א אֶת־כְּלֵ֣י זַעְמ֑וֹ כִּי־מְלָאכָ֣ה הִ֗יא לַֽאדֹנָ֧י יְהוִ֛ה צְבָא֖וֹת בְּאֶ֥רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּֽים׃",
"text": "*pataḥ* *YHWH* *ʾet*-*ʾotsaro* and *yotseʾ* *ʾet*-*kəley* *zaʿmo* for *məlaʾkhah* she for *ʾadonay* *YHWH* *tsevaʾot* in *ʾerets* *kasdim*.",
"grammar": {
"*pataḥ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he has opened",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾotsaro*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his storehouse/treasury",
"*yotseʾ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular with waw consecutive - and he brought out",
"*kəley*": "noun, masculine plural construct - instruments/weapons of",
"*zaʿmo*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his indignation",
"*məlaʾkhah*": "noun, feminine singular - work/task",
"*ʾadonay*": "divine title - Lord/Master",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*tsevaʾot*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies",
"*ʾerets*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*kasdim*": "proper noun - Chaldeans"
},
"variants": {
"*pataḥ*": "opened/unlocked/released",
"*ʾotsaro*": "his storehouse/treasury/armory",
"*yotseʾ*": "brought out/produced/brought forth",
"*kəley*": "instruments/weapons/implements",
"*zaʿmo*": "his indignation/wrath/anger",
"*məlaʾkhah*": "work/task/business/deed",
"*kasdim*": "Chaldeans (people of Babylonia)"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.26",
"source": "בֹּֽאוּ־לָ֤הּ מִקֵּץ֙ פִּתְח֣וּ מַאֲבֻסֶ֔יהָ סָלּ֥וּהָ כְמוֹ־עֲרֵמִ֖ים וְהַחֲרִימ֑וּהָ אַל־תְּהִי־לָ֖הּ שְׁאֵרִֽית׃",
"text": "*boʾu*-to her from *qets* *pitḥu* *maʾavuseha* *salluha* like-*ʿaremim* and *haḥarimuha* not *təhi*-to her *shəʾerit*.",
"grammar": {
"*boʾu*": "imperative, masculine plural - come",
"*qets*": "noun, masculine singular - end/extremity",
"*pitḥu*": "imperative, masculine plural - open",
"*maʾavuseha*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her granaries/storehouses",
"*salluha*": "imperative, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - pile her up",
"*ʿaremim*": "noun, masculine plural - heaps",
"*haḥarimuha*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - utterly destroy her",
"*təhi*": "jussive, 3rd person feminine singular - let there be",
"*shəʾerit*": "noun, feminine singular - remnant/remainder"
},
"variants": {
"*boʾu*": "come/enter/arrive",
"*qets*": "end/extremity/furthest border",
"*pitḥu*": "open/unlock/release",
"*maʾavuseha*": "her granaries/storehouses/barns",
"*salluha*": "pile her up/heap her up",
"*ʿaremim*": "heaps/piles/stacks",
"*haḥarimuha*": "utterly destroy her/devote her to destruction",
"*shəʾerit*": "remnant/remainder/survivor"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.27",
"source": "חִרְבוּ֙ כָּל־פָּרֶ֔יהָ יֵרְד֖וּ לַטָּ֑בַח ה֣וֹי עֲלֵיהֶ֔ם כִּֽי־בָ֥א יוֹמָ֖ם עֵ֥ת פְּקֻדָּתָֽם׃ ס",
"text": "*ḥirvu* all-*pareha* *yerdu* to the *tabbaḥ* *hoy* upon them for *baʾ* *yomam* *ʿet* *pəquddatam*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥirvu*": "imperative, masculine plural - slay/destroy",
"*pareha*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her bulls/leaders",
"*yerdu*": "imperative, masculine plural - let them go down",
"*tabbaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the slaughter",
"*hoy*": "interjection - woe/alas",
"*baʾ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has come",
"*yomam*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their day",
"*ʿet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of",
"*pəquddatam*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their visitation/punishment"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥirvu*": "slay/destroy/kill",
"*pareha*": "her bulls/young bulls/leaders (metaphorical for warriors or leaders)",
"*yerdu*": "go down/descend/be brought down",
"*tabbaḥ*": "slaughter/butchering",
"*hoy*": "woe/alas/ah (exclamation of distress)",
"*pəquddatam*": "their visitation/punishment/reckoning"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.28",
"source": "ק֥וֹל נָסִ֛ים וּפְלֵטִ֖ים מֵאֶ֣רֶץ בָּבֶ֑ל לְהַגִּ֣יד בְּצִיּ֗וֹן אֶת־נִקְמַת֙ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֵ֔ינוּ נִקְמַ֖ת הֵיכָלֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*qol* *nasim* and *pəletim* from *ʾerets* *bavel* to *haggid* in *tsiyyon* *ʾet*-*niqmat* *YHWH* *ʾeloheynu* *niqmat* *hekhalo*.",
"grammar": {
"*qol*": "noun, masculine singular construct - sound of",
"*nasim*": "participle, masculine plural - fleeing ones",
"*pəletim*": "participle, masculine plural - escaping ones",
"*ʾerets*": "noun, feminine singular construct - land of",
"*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*haggid*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to declare/tell",
"*tsiyyon*": "proper noun - Zion",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*niqmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - vengeance of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*ʾeloheynu*": "noun, masculine plural + 1st person plural suffix - our God",
"*niqmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - vengeance of",
"*hekhalo*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his temple"
},
"variants": {
"*qol*": "sound/voice/noise",
"*nasim*": "fleeing ones/fugitives",
"*pəletim*": "escaped ones/fugitives/survivors",
"*haggid*": "to declare/announce/proclaim",
"*niqmat*": "vengeance/retribution/revenge",
"*hekhalo*": "his temple/palace/sanctuary"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.29",
"source": "הַשְׁמִ֣יעוּ אֶל־בָּבֶ֣ל ׀ רַ֠בִּים כָּל־דֹּ֨רְכֵי קֶ֜שֶׁת חֲנ֧וּ עָלֶ֣יהָ סָבִ֗יב אַל־יְהִי־לָהּ֙ פְּלֵטָ֔ה שַׁלְּמוּ־לָ֣הּ כְּפָעֳלָ֔הּ כְּכֹ֛ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר עָשְׂתָ֖ה עֲשׂוּ־לָ֑הּ כִּ֧י אֶל־יְהוָ֛ה זָ֖דָה אֶל־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "*hashmiʿu* to *bavel* *rabbim* all-*dorkhey* *qeshet* *ḥanu* against her *saviv* not *yəhi*-to her *pəletah* *shallemu*-to her according to *pŏʿolah* according to all which *ʿastah* *ʿasu*-to her for against *YHWH* *zadah* against *qədosh* *yisraʾel*.",
"grammar": {
"*hashmiʿu*": "Hiphil imperative, masculine plural - summon/call/announce",
"*bavel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*rabbim*": "adjective, masculine plural - many",
"*dorkhey*": "participle, masculine plural construct - drawers/benders of",
"*qeshet*": "noun, feminine singular - bow",
"*ḥanu*": "imperative, masculine plural - encamp",
"*saviv*": "adverb - around/surrounding",
"*yəhi*": "jussive, 3rd person masculine singular - let there be",
"*pəletah*": "noun, feminine singular - escape/deliverance",
"*shallemu*": "Piel imperative, masculine plural - repay",
"*pŏʿolah*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her deed",
"*ʿastah*": "perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has done",
"*ʿasu*": "imperative, masculine plural - do",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*zadah*": "perfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she has acted proudly",
"*qədosh*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - Holy One of",
"*yisraʾel*": "proper noun - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*hashmiʿu*": "summon/call/announce to",
"*rabbim*": "many/numerous/great",
"*dorkhey*": "drawers/benders of/archers",
"*qeshet*": "bow/weapon",
"*ḥanu*": "encamp/set up camp/besiege",
"*saviv*": "around/surrounding/on every side",
"*pəletah*": "escape/deliverance/fugitive",
"*shallemu*": "repay/requite/recompense",
"*pŏʿolah*": "her deed/work/action",
"*zadah*": "acted proudly/presumptuously/arrogantly"
}
}
30 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.30",
"source": "לָכֵ֛ן יִפְּל֥וּ בַחוּרֶ֖יהָ בִּרְחֹבֹתֶ֑יהָ וְכָל־אַנְשֵׁ֨י מִלְחַמְתָּ֥הּ יִדַּ֛מּוּ בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃ ס",
"text": "Therefore *yippəlu* *baḥureha* in *rəḥovoteha* and all-*ʾanshey* *milḥamtah* *yiddammu* in the *yom* that *nəʾum*-*YHWH*.",
"grammar": {
"*yippəlu*": "imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will fall",
"*baḥureha*": "noun, masculine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her young men",
"*rəḥovoteha*": "noun, feminine plural + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her streets/squares",
"*ʾanshey*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of",
"*milḥamtah*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her war/battle",
"*yiddammu*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - they will be silenced/cut off",
"*yom*": "noun, masculine singular + definite article - the day",
"*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name"
},
"variants": {
"*yippəlu*": "they will fall/collapse/be killed",
"*baḥureha*": "her young men/chosen warriors",
"*rəḥovoteha*": "her streets/public squares/open places",
"*ʾanshey*": "men of/warriors of",
"*milḥamtah*": "her war/battle/fighting",
"*yiddammu*": "they will be silenced/cut off/destroyed/perish"
}
}
31 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.31",
"source": "הִנְנִ֤י אֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ זָד֔וֹן נְאֻם־אֲדֹנָ֥י יְהוִ֖ה צְבָא֑וֹת כִּ֛י בָּ֥א יוֹמְךָ֖ עֵ֥ת פְּקַדְתִּֽיךָ׃",
"text": "Behold I against you *zadon* *nəʾum*-*ʾadonay* *YHWH* *tsevaʾot* for *baʾ* *yomkha* *ʿet* *pəqadticha*.",
"grammar": {
"*hinni*": "interjection + 1st person singular suffix - behold I",
"*ʾeleycha*": "preposition + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - against you",
"*zadon*": "adjective, masculine singular - proud/insolent one",
"*nəʾum*": "construct noun - declaration of",
"*ʾadonay*": "divine title - Lord/Master",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - divine name",
"*tsevaʾot*": "noun, feminine plural - of hosts/armies",
"*baʾ*": "perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - has come",
"*yomkha*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your day",
"*ʿet*": "noun, feminine singular construct - time of",
"*pəqadticha*": "infinitive construct + 1st person singular + 2nd person masculine singular suffix - my punishment of you"
},
"variants": {
"*zadon*": "proud one/insolent one/presumptuous one",
"*nəʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle",
"*baʾ*": "has come/arrived/reached",
"*pəqadticha*": "my punishment of you/my visitation upon you"
}
}
32 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.32",
"source": "וְכָשַׁ֤ל זָדוֹן֙ וְנָפַ֔ל וְאֵ֥ין ל֖וֹ מֵקִ֑ים וְהִצַּ֤תִּי אֵשׁ֙ בְּעָרָ֔יו וְאָכְלָ֖ה כָּל־סְבִיבֹתָֽיו׃ ס",
"text": "And *kāšal* *zādôn* and *nāpal*, and *ʾên* to-him *mēqîm*; and *hiṣṣattî* *ʾēš* in-*ʿārāyw*, and *ʾāklâ* all-*sĕbîbōtāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*kāšal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - stumble/stagger",
"*zādôn*": "masculine singular noun - pride/presumption/arrogance",
"*nāpal*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - fall/be cast down",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not",
"*lô*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him",
"*mēqîm*": "Hiphil participle, masculine singular - one who raises up/helper",
"*hiṣṣattî*": "Hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will kindle/set on fire",
"*ʾēš*": "feminine singular noun - fire",
"*ʿārāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his cities",
"*ʾāklâ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it will consume/devour",
"*kāl*": "construct noun - all of",
"*sĕbîbōtāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his surroundings/environs"
},
"variants": {
"*kāšal*": "stumble/stagger/totter/fall",
"*zādôn*": "pride/arrogance/insolence/presumption",
"*nāpal*": "fall/be cast down/fail",
"*mēqîm*": "one who raises up/helper/supporter",
"*hiṣṣattî*": "I will kindle/set ablaze/ignite",
"*ʾāklâ*": "consume/devour/eat up"
}
}
33 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.33",
"source": "כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת עֲשׁוּקִ֛ים בְּנֵי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֥ל וּבְנֵי־יְהוּדָ֖ה יַחְדָּ֑ו וְכָל־שֹֽׁבֵיהֶם֙ הֶחֱזִ֣יקוּ בָ֔ם מֵאֲנ֖וּ שַׁלְּחָֽם׃",
"text": "Thus *ʾāmar* *YHWH* *ṣĕbāʾôt*, *ʿăšûqîm* sons-of-*yiśrāʾēl* and-sons-of-*yĕhûdâ* *yaḥdāw*; and-all-*šōbêhem* *heḥĕzîqû* in-them, *mēʾănû* *šallĕḥām*.",
"grammar": {
"*kōh*": "adverb - thus/so",
"*ʾāmar*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - says/said",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God",
"*ṣĕbāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun, construct state - of hosts/armies",
"*ʿăšûqîm*": "Qal passive participle, masculine plural - oppressed/exploited ones",
"*bĕnê*": "masculine plural noun, construct - sons of",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*bĕnê*": "masculine plural noun, construct - sons of",
"*yĕhûdâ*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together/at the same time",
"*kāl*": "construct noun - all of",
"*šōbêhem*": "Qal participle, masculine plural with 3rd plural suffix - their captors",
"*heḥĕzîqû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd plural - they have seized/held firmly",
"*bām*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - in them",
"*mēʾănû*": "Piel perfect, 3rd plural - they have refused",
"*šallĕḥām*": "Piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine plural suffix - to release/let them go"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿăšûqîm*": "oppressed/exploited/defrauded ones",
"*šōbêhem*": "their captors/captives/captivity",
"*heḥĕzîqû*": "seized strongly/held fast/grasped firmly",
"*mēʾănû*": "refused/were unwilling/declined",
"*šallĕḥām*": "to release them/let them go/send them away"
}
}
34 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.34",
"source": "גֹּאֲלָ֣ם ׀ חָזָ֗ק יְהוָ֤ה צְבָאוֹת֙ שְׁמ֔וֹ רִ֥יב יָרִ֖יב אֶת־רִיבָ֑ם לְמַ֙עַן֙ הִרְגִּ֣יעַ אֶת־הָאָ֔רֶץ וְהִרְגִּ֖יז לְיֹשְׁבֵ֥י בָבֶֽל׃",
"text": "*gōʾălām* *ḥāzāq* *YHWH* *ṣĕbāʾôt* *šĕmô*, *rîb* *yārîb* *ʾet*-*rîbām* *lĕmaʿan* *hirgîaʿ* *ʾet*-*hāʾāreṣ* and-*hirgîz* to-inhabitants-of-*bābel*.",
"grammar": {
"*gōʾălām*": "Qal participle, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their redeemer",
"*ḥāzāq*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong/mighty",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God",
"*ṣĕbāʾôt*": "feminine plural noun, construct state - of hosts/armies",
"*šĕmô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his name",
"*rîb*": "Qal infinitive absolute - contend/plead a case",
"*yārîb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will contend/plead",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*rîbām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their case/cause",
"*lĕmaʿan*": "conjunction - in order that/so that",
"*hirgîaʿ*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to give rest to/cause quietness",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land/earth",
"*hirgîz*": "Hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to tremble/disquiet",
"*lĕyōšĕbê*": "preposition + Qal participle, masculine plural construct - to inhabitants of",
"*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon"
},
"variants": {
"*gōʾălām*": "their redeemer/avenger/kinsman",
"*ḥāzāq*": "strong/mighty/powerful",
"*rîb*": "contention/controversy/case/dispute",
"*yārîb*": "will contend/plead/strive",
"*hirgîaʿ*": "to give rest/cause quietness/provide relief",
"*hirgîz*": "to cause trembling/disquiet/agitate/disturb"
}
}
35 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.35",
"source": "חֶ֥רֶב עַל־כַּשְׂדִּ֖ים נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה וְאֶל־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י בָבֶ֔ל וְאֶל־שָׂרֶ֖יהָ וְאֶל־חֲכָמֶֽיהָ׃",
"text": "*ḥereb* against-*kaśdîm*, *nĕʾum*-*YHWH*, and-against-inhabitants-of-*bābel*, and-against-*śāreyhā*, and-against-*ḥăkāmeyhā*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - against/upon",
"*kaśdîm*": "proper noun, plural - Chaldeans",
"*nĕʾum*": "masculine singular construct - declaration/utterance of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/against",
"*yōšĕbê*": "Qal participle, masculine plural construct - inhabitants of",
"*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/against",
"*śāreyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her officials/princes",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/against",
"*ḥăkāmeyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her wise men/sages"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥereb*": "sword/war/destruction",
"*kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans (people of Babylonia)",
"*nĕʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle",
"*śāreyhā*": "her officials/princes/rulers",
"*ḥăkāmeyhā*": "her wise men/sages/counselors"
}
}
36 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.36",
"source": "חֶ֥רֶב אֶל־הַבַּדִּ֖ים וְנֹאָ֑לוּ חֶ֥רֶב אֶל־גִּבּוֹרֶ֖יהָ וָחָֽתּוּ׃",
"text": "*ḥereb* against-*habbaddîm* and-*nōʾālû*; *ḥereb* against-*gibbôreyhā* and-*ḥāttû*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/to",
"*habbaddîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the diviners/seers/oracle-priests",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*nōʾālû*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd plural - they will be foolish/become fools",
"*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/to",
"*gibbôreyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her mighty men/warriors",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ḥāttû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will be dismayed/shattered"
},
"variants": {
"*habbaddîm*": "diviners/soothsayers/oracle-priests/false prophets",
"*nōʾālû*": "will be foolish/become fools/act as fools",
"*gibbôreyhā*": "her mighty men/warriors/heroes",
"*ḥāttû*": "will be dismayed/shattered/broken/terrified"
}
}
37 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.37",
"source": "חֶ֜רֶב אֶל־סוּסָ֣יו וְאֶל־רִכְבּ֗וֹ וְאֶל־כָּל־הָעֶ֛רֶב אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּתוֹכָ֖הּ וְהָי֣וּ לְנָשִׁ֑ים חֶ֥רֶב אֶל־אוֹצְרֹתֶ֖יהָ וּבֻזָּֽזוּ׃",
"text": "*ḥereb* against-*sûsāyw* and-against-*rikbô* and-against-all-*hāʿereb* which [is] in-*tôkāh* and-*hāyû* like-*nāšîm*; *ḥereb* against-*ʾôṣĕrōteyhā* and-*buzzāzû*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/to",
"*sûsāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his horses",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/to",
"*rikbô*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his chariot(s)",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/to",
"*kāl*": "construct form - all of",
"*hāʿereb*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the mixed multitude/foreign mercenaries",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/who",
"*bĕtôkāh*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her midst",
"*wĕhāyû*": "conjunction + Qal perfect, 3rd plural - and they will become",
"*lĕnāšîm*": "preposition + feminine plural noun - like women",
"*ḥereb*": "feminine singular noun - sword",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/to",
"*ʾôṣĕrōteyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her treasuries/storehouses",
"*ûbuzzāzû*": "conjunction + Pual perfect, 3rd plural - and they will be plundered"
},
"variants": {
"*sûsāyw*": "his horses",
"*rikbô*": "his chariot(s)/chariotry",
"*hāʿereb*": "mixed multitude/foreign mercenaries/mixed population",
"*tôkāh*": "her midst/middle/within her",
"*nāšîm*": "women (implying weakness/fear)",
"*ʾôṣĕrōteyhā*": "her treasuries/storehouses/treasures",
"*buzzāzû*": "will be plundered/looted/pillaged"
}
}
38 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.38",
"source": "חֹ֥רֶב אֶל־מֵימֶ֖יהָ וְיָבֵ֑שׁוּ כִּ֣י אֶ֤רֶץ פְּסִלִים֙ הִ֔יא וּבָאֵימִ֖ים יִתְהֹלָֽלוּ׃",
"text": "*ḥōreb* against-*mêmeyhā* and-*yābēšû*, for *ʾereṣ* *pĕsîlîm* *hîʾ*, and-in-*ʾêmîm* *yithōlālû*.",
"grammar": {
"*ḥōreb*": "masculine singular noun - drought/dryness",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/to",
"*mêmeyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her waters",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*yābēšû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will dry up",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun, construct - land of",
"*pĕsîlîm*": "masculine plural noun - idols/carved images",
"*hîʾ*": "3rd feminine singular pronoun - she/it",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*bāʾêmîm*": "preposition + masculine plural noun - in terrors/horrible things",
"*yithōlālû*": "Hitpael imperfect, 3rd plural - they boast/act madly"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥōreb*": "drought/dryness (similar to *ḥereb*, sword, with different vocalization)",
"*mêmeyhā*": "her waters/waterways",
"*yābēšû*": "will dry up/be dried up/become dry",
"*pĕsîlîm*": "idols/carved images/graven images",
"*ʾêmîm*": "terrors/horrible things/fearful things",
"*yithōlālû*": "boast/act madly/are mad about/glory in"
}
}
39 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.39",
"source": "לָכֵ֗ן יֵשְׁב֤וּ צִיִּים֙ אֶת־אִיִּ֔ים וְיָ֥שְׁבוּ בָ֖הּ בְּנ֣וֹת יַֽעֲנָ֑ה וְלֹֽא־תֵשֵׁ֥ב עוֹד֙ לָנֶ֔צַח וְלֹ֥א תִשְׁכּ֖וֹן עַד־דּ֥וֹר וָדֽוֹר׃",
"text": "Therefore *yēšbû* *ṣiyyîm* with-*ʾiyyîm*, and-*yāšbû* in-her *bĕnôt* *yaʿănâ*; and-not-*tēšēb* again *lāneṣaḥ*, and-not *tiškôn* unto-*dôr* *wādôr*.",
"grammar": {
"*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore/thus",
"*yēšbû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will dwell/inhabit",
"*ṣiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun - desert creatures/wild beasts",
"*ʾet*": "preposition - with",
"*ʾiyyîm*": "masculine plural noun - howling creatures/jackals",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*yāšbû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they will dwell",
"*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her",
"*bĕnôt*": "feminine plural noun, construct - daughters of",
"*yaʿănâ*": "feminine singular noun - ostrich",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*tēšēb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be inhabited",
"*ʿôd*": "adverb - again/still/yet",
"*lāneṣaḥ*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - forever",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*tiškôn*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - she will be inhabited/dwelt in",
"*ʿad*": "preposition - until/unto",
"*dôr*": "masculine singular noun - generation",
"*wādôr*": "conjunction + masculine singular noun - and generation"
},
"variants": {
"*ṣiyyîm*": "desert creatures/wild beasts/wild cats",
"*ʾiyyîm*": "howling creatures/jackals/hyenas",
"*bĕnôt yaʿănâ*": "daughters of the ostrich/ostriches/owl",
"*tēšēb*": "will be inhabited/dwelt in/lived in",
"*lāneṣaḥ*": "forever/eternally/perpetually",
"*tiškôn*": "will be inhabited/dwelt in",
"*dôr wādôr*": "generation to generation/forever"
}
}
40 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.40",
"source": "כְּמַהְפֵּכַ֨ת אֱלֹהִ֜ים אֶת־סְדֹ֧ם וְאֶת־עֲמֹרָ֛ה וְאֶת־שְׁכֵנֶ֖יהָ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֑ה לֹֽא־יֵשֵׁ֥ב שָׁם֙ אִ֔ישׁ וְלֹֽא־יָג֥וּר בָּ֖הּ בֶּן־אָדָֽם׃",
"text": "Like-*mahpēkat* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ʾet*-*sĕdōm* and-*ʾet*-*ʿămōrâ* and-*ʾet*-*šĕkēneyhā*, *nĕʾum*-*YHWH*; not-*yēšēb* there *ʾîš* and-not-*yāgûr* in-her *ben*-*ʾādām*.",
"grammar": {
"*kĕ*": "preposition - like/as",
"*mahpēkat*": "Qal infinitive construct - overthrow/destruction of",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "masculine plural noun, functioning as singular - God",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*sĕdōm*": "proper noun - Sodom",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʿămōrâ*": "proper noun - Gomorrah",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*šĕkēneyhā*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her neighbors",
"*nĕʾum*": "masculine singular construct - declaration/utterance of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yēšēb*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will dwell/inhabit",
"*šām*": "adverb - there",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man/anyone",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yāgûr*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will sojourn/reside temporarily",
"*bāh*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - in her",
"*ben*": "masculine singular noun, construct - son of",
"*ʾādām*": "masculine singular noun - man/mankind"
},
"variants": {
"*mahpēkat*": "overthrow/destruction/overturning",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/divine being",
"*šĕkēneyhā*": "her neighbors/neighboring towns",
"*nĕʾum*": "declaration/utterance/oracle",
"*yēšēb*": "will dwell/inhabit/settle",
"*ʾîš*": "man/anyone/person",
"*yāgûr*": "will sojourn/reside temporarily/stay",
"*ben-ʾādām*": "son of man/human being"
}
}
41 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.41",
"source": "הִנֵּ֛ה עַ֥ם בָּ֖א מִצָּפ֑וֹן וְג֤וֹי גָּדוֹל֙ וּמְלָכִ֣ים רַבִּ֔ים יֵעֹ֖רוּ מִיַּרְכְּתֵי־אָֽרֶץ׃",
"text": "Behold, *ʿam* *bāʾ* from-*ṣāpôn*, and-*gôy* *gādôl* and-*mĕlākîm* *rabbîm* *yēʿōrû* from-*yarkĕtê*-*ʾāreṣ*.",
"grammar": {
"*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look",
"*ʿam*": "masculine singular noun - people/nation",
"*bāʾ*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - coming",
"*miṣṣāpôn*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - from the north",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*gôy*": "masculine singular noun - nation",
"*gādôl*": "adjective, masculine singular - great/large",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*mĕlākîm*": "masculine plural noun - kings",
"*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/numerous",
"*yēʿōrû*": "Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - will be aroused/stirred up",
"*miyyarkĕtê*": "preposition + feminine plural construct - from the remote parts of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "feminine singular noun - earth/land"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿam*": "people/nation/folk",
"*bāʾ*": "coming/approaching",
"*ṣāpôn*": "north/northern region",
"*gôy*": "nation/people/gentiles",
"*gādôl*": "great/large/mighty",
"*mĕlākîm*": "kings/rulers",
"*rabbîm*": "many/numerous/great",
"*yēʿōrû*": "will be aroused/stirred up/awakened",
"*yarkĕtê*": "remote parts/farthest reaches/extremities",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "earth/land/ground"
}
}
42 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.42",
"source": "קֶ֣שֶׁת וְכִידֹ֞ן יַחֲזִ֗יקוּ אַכְזָרִ֥י הֵ֙מָּה֙ וְלֹ֣א יְרַחֵ֔מוּ קוֹלָם֙ כַּיָּ֣ם יֶהֱמֶ֔ה וְעַל־סוּסִ֖ים יִרְכָּ֑בוּ עָר֗וּךְ כְּאִישׁ֙ לַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה עָלַ֖יִךְ בַּת־בָּבֶֽל׃",
"text": "*qešet* and-*kîdōn* *yaḥăzîqû*, *ʾakzārî* *hēmmâ* and-not *yĕraḥēmû*; *qôlām* like-*hayyām* *yehĕmeh*, and-upon-*sûsîm* *yirkābû*, *ʿārûk* like-*ʾîš* for-*hammilḥāmâ* against-you, *bat*-*bābel*.",
"grammar": {
"*qešet*": "feminine singular noun - bow",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*kîdōn*": "masculine singular noun - javelin/spear",
"*yaḥăzîqû*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will grasp firmly",
"*ʾakzārî*": "adjective, masculine singular - cruel/fierce",
"*hēmmâ*": "3rd masculine plural pronoun - they",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yĕraḥēmû*": "Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will show mercy",
"*qôlām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their voice",
"*ka*": "preposition - like/as",
"*hayyām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the sea",
"*yehĕmeh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - it roars",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon/on",
"*sûsîm*": "masculine plural noun - horses",
"*yirkābû*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - they will ride",
"*ʿārûk*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - arranged/prepared",
"*kĕ*": "preposition - like/as",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - man",
"*la*": "preposition - for",
"*hammilḥāmâ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the battle/war",
"*ʿālayik*": "preposition with 2nd feminine singular suffix - against you",
"*bat*": "feminine singular noun, construct - daughter of",
"*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon"
},
"variants": {
"*qešet*": "bow/archer",
"*kîdōn*": "javelin/spear/lance",
"*yaḥăzîqû*": "will grasp firmly/wield/hold",
"*ʾakzārî*": "cruel/fierce/merciless",
"*yĕraḥēmû*": "will show mercy/have compassion",
"*qôlām*": "their voice/sound",
"*yehĕmeh*": "roars/makes noise/is tumultuous",
"*yirkābû*": "will ride/mount",
"*ʿārûk*": "arranged/prepared/drawn up in battle array",
"*bat-bābel*": "daughter of Babylon (personification of Babylon)"
}
}
43 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.43",
"source": "שָׁמַ֧ע מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֛ל אֶת־שִׁמְעָ֖ם וְרָפ֣וּ יָדָ֑יו צָרָה֙ הֶחֱזִיקַ֔תְהוּ חִ֖יל כַּיּוֹלֵדָֽה׃",
"text": "*šāmaʿ* *melek*-*bābel* *ʾet*-*šimʿām* and-*rāpû* *yādāyw*; *ṣārâ* *heḥĕzîqatĕhû*, *ḥîl* like-*hayyôlēdâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*šāmaʿ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has heard",
"*melek*": "masculine singular noun, construct - king of",
"*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*šimʿām*": "masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - report of them",
"*wĕ*": "conjunction - and",
"*rāpû*": "Qal perfect, 3rd plural - they have become weak",
"*yādāyw*": "feminine dual noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hands",
"*ṣārâ*": "feminine singular noun - distress/anguish",
"*heḥĕzîqatĕhû*": "Hiphil perfect, 3rd feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - it has seized him",
"*ḥîl*": "masculine singular noun - pain/writhing",
"*ka*": "preposition - like/as",
"*hayyôlēdâ*": "definite article + Qal participle, feminine singular - the woman giving birth"
},
"variants": {
"*šāmaʿ*": "heard/listened to",
"*šimʿām*": "report of them/news about them/rumor of them",
"*rāpû*": "become weak/feeble/hang down",
"*yādāyw*": "his hands (symbol of strength)",
"*ṣārâ*": "distress/anguish/trouble",
"*heḥĕzîqatĕhû*": "seized him/took hold of him/grasped him",
"*ḥîl*": "pain/writhing/trembling",
"*hayyôlēdâ*": "woman giving birth/woman in labor"
}
}
44 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.44",
"source": "הִ֠נֵּה כְּאַרְיֵ֞ה יַעֲלֶ֨ה מִגְּא֣וֹן הַיַּרְדֵּן֮ אֶל־נְוֵ֣ה אֵיתָן֒ כִּֽי־אַרְגִּ֤עָה *ארוצם **אֲרִיצֵם֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יהָ וּמִ֥י בָח֖וּר אֵלֶ֣יהָ אֶפְקֹ֑ד כִּ֣י מִ֤י כָמ֙וֹנִי֙ וּמִ֣י יוֹעִדֶ֔נִּי וּמִֽי־זֶ֣ה רֹעֶ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲמֹ֖ד לְפָנָֽי׃",
"text": "Behold, like-*ʾaryēh* *yaʿăleh* from-*gĕʾôn* *hayyardēn* unto-*nĕwēh* *ʾêtān*, for-*ʾargîʿâ* *ʾărîṣēm* from-upon-her, and-who [is] *bāḥûr* to-her *ʾepqōd*; for who [is] like-me, and-who *yôʿidenî*, and-who-[is]-this *rōʿeh* who *yaʿămōd* before-me?",
"grammar": {
"*hinnēh*": "interjection - behold/look",
"*kĕ*": "preposition - like/as",
"*ʾaryēh*": "masculine singular noun - lion",
"*yaʿăleh*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will come up",
"*migĕʾôn*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from the pride/thicket of",
"*hayyardēn*": "definite article + proper noun - the Jordan",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto",
"*nĕwēh*": "masculine singular noun, construct - habitation of",
"*ʾêtān*": "adjective, masculine singular - strong/perennial",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*ʾargîʿâ*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular cohortative - I will suddenly make them run",
"*ʾărîṣēm*": "Hiphil imperfect, 1st singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - I will cause them to run",
"*mēʿāleyhā*": "preposition + preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - from upon her",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who?",
"*bāḥûr*": "Qal passive participle, masculine singular - chosen (one)",
"*ʾēleyhā*": "preposition with 3rd feminine singular suffix - to/against her",
"*ʾepqōd*": "Qal imperfect, 1st singular - I will appoint",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who?",
"*kāmônî*": "preposition with 1st singular suffix - like me",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who?",
"*yôʿidenî*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 1st singular suffix - will summon me",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*mî*": "interrogative pronoun - who?",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun - this",
"*rōʿeh*": "Qal participle, masculine singular - shepherd",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - who/which",
"*yaʿămōd*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will stand",
"*lĕpānāy*": "preposition + masculine plural noun with 1st singular suffix - before me"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾaryēh*": "lion",
"*yaʿăleh*": "will come up/ascend/rise",
"*gĕʾôn*": "pride/majesty/thicket/swelling",
"*nĕwēh*": "habitation/pasture/dwelling place",
"*ʾêtān*": "strong/enduring/perennial/ever-flowing",
"*ʾargîʿâ*": "suddenly make them run/cause to flee quickly",
"*ʾărîṣēm*": "cause them to run/drive them away/chase them",
"*bāḥûr*": "chosen (one)/young man/choice one",
"*ʾepqōd*": "appoint/set over/assign",
"*yôʿidenî*": "will summon me/appoint me/call me to account",
"*rōʿeh*": "shepherd/pastor/ruler"
}
}
45 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.45",
"source": "לָכֵ֞ן שִׁמְע֣וּ עֲצַת־יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר יָעַץ֙ אֶל־בָּבֶ֔ל וּמַ֨חְשְׁבוֹתָ֔יו אֲשֶׁ֥ר חָשַׁ֖ב אֶל־אֶ֣רֶץ כַּשְׂדִּ֑ים אִם־לֹ֤א יִסְחָבוּם֙ צְעִירֵ֣י הַצֹּ֔אן אִם־לֹ֥א יַשִּׁ֛ים עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם נָוֶֽה׃",
"text": "Therefore *šimʿû* *ʿăṣat*-*YHWH* which *yāʿaṣ* against-*bābel* and-*maḥšĕbôtāyw* which *ḥāšab* against-*ʾereṣ* *kaśdîm*: *ʾim*-not *yisḥābûm* *ṣĕʿîrê* *haṣṣōʾn*, *ʾim*-not *yaššîm* upon-them *nāweh*.",
"grammar": {
"*lākēn*": "adverb - therefore/thus",
"*šimʿû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - hear/listen",
"*ʿăṣat*": "feminine singular noun, construct - counsel/plan of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - personal name of God",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*yāʿaṣ*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has purposed/planned",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/concerning",
"*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*maḥšĕbôtāyw*": "feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his thoughts/plans",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which/that",
"*ḥāšab*": "Qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he has devised",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - against/concerning",
"*ʾereṣ*": "feminine singular noun, construct - land of",
"*kaśdîm*": "proper noun, plural - Chaldeans",
"*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yisḥābûm*": "Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural with 3rd masculine plural suffix - they will drag them away",
"*ṣĕʿîrê*": "adjective, masculine plural construct - little ones of",
"*haṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the flock",
"*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if",
"*lōʾ*": "negative particle - not",
"*yaššîm*": "Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will make desolate",
"*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3rd masculine plural suffix - upon them",
"*nāweh*": "masculine singular noun - habitation/pasture"
},
"variants": {
"*šimʿû*": "hear/listen/heed",
"*ʿăṣat*": "counsel/plan/purpose",
"*yāʿaṣ*": "purposed/planned/devised",
"*maḥšĕbôtāyw*": "his thoughts/plans/intentions",
"*ḥāšab*": "devised/planned/purposed",
"*kaśdîm*": "Chaldeans (people of Babylonia)",
"*yisḥābûm*": "will drag them away/pull them/draw them",
"*ṣĕʿîrê*": "little ones/young/least of",
"*haṣṣōʾn*": "the flock/sheep (metaphor for weak ones)",
"*yaššîm*": "make desolate/devastate/lay waste",
"*nāweh*": "habitation/pasture/dwelling place"
}
}
46 {
"verseID": "Jeremiah.50.46",
"source": "מִקּוֹל֙ נִתְפְּשָׂ֣ה בָבֶ֔ל נִרְעֲשָׁ֖ה הָאָ֑רֶץ וּזְעָקָ֖ה בַּגּוֹיִ֥ם נִשְׁמָֽע׃ ס",
"text": "From-*qôl* *nitpĕśâ* *bābel* *nirʿăšâ* *hāʾāreṣ*, and-*zĕʿāqâ* among-*haggôyim* *nišmāʿ*.",
"grammar": {
"*miqôl*": "preposition + masculine singular construct - from the sound/noise of",
"*nitpĕśâ*": "Niphal infinitive construct - being captured",
"*bābel*": "proper noun - Babylon",
"*nirʿăšâ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular - it has quaked/trembled",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the earth/land",
"*û*": "conjunction - and",
"*zĕʿāqâ*": "feminine singular noun - outcry/cry",
"*baggôyim*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - among the nations",
"*nišmāʿ*": "Niphal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it is heard"
},
"variants": {
"*qôl*": "sound/noise/voice",
"*nitpĕśâ*": "being captured/seized/taken",
"*nirʿăšâ*": "has quaked/trembled/shaken",
"*hāʾāreṣ*": "the earth/land/ground",
"*zĕʿāqâ*": "outcry/cry/shriek",
"*haggôyim*": "the nations/peoples/gentiles",
"*nišmāʿ*": "is heard/has been heard"
}
}