11 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.11",
"source": "הֵ֣ם עִם־יְב֔וּס וְהַיּ֖וֹם רַ֣ד מְאֹ֑ד וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הַנַּ֜עַר אֶל־אֲדֹנָ֗יו לְכָה־נָּ֛א וְנָס֛וּרָה אֶל־עִֽיר־הַיְבוּסִ֥י הַזֹּ֖את וְנָלִ֥ין בָּֽהּ׃",
"text": "They with-*yəḇûs* and-the-*yôm* *rad* very; and *wayyōmer* the-*naʿar* to-*ʾădōnāyw* come-please and-*nāsûrâ* to-city-of-the-*yəḇûsî* this and-*nālîn* in-it.",
"grammar": {
"*yəḇûs*": "proper noun - Jebus",
"*yôm*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the day",
"*rad*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - gone down/descended",
"*wayyōmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*naʿar*": "masculine singular noun with definite article - the servant",
"*ʾădōnāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his master",
"*nāsûrâ*": "cohortative, 1st common plural - let us turn aside",
"*yəḇûsî*": "proper adjective with definite article - the Jebusite",
"*nālîn*": "cohortative, 1st common plural - let us lodge"
},
"variants": {
"*rad* *məʾōd*": "gone down much/far spent/very low",
"*nāsûrâ*": "let us turn aside/let us go to/let us enter",
"*nālîn*": "let us lodge/let us stay/let us spend the night"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.12",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר אֵלָיו֙ אֲדֹנָ֔יו לֹ֤א נָסוּר֙ אֶל־עִ֣יר נָכְרִ֔י אֲשֶׁ֛ר לֹֽא־מִבְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל הֵ֑נָּה וְעָבַ֖רְנוּ עַד־גִּבְעָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wayyōmer* to-him *ʾădōnāyw* not *nāsûr* to-city *nāḵərî* which not-from-sons-of *yiśrāʾēl* they; and-*ʿāḇarnû* until-*giḇəʿâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʾădōnāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his master",
"*nāsûr*": "imperfect, 1st common plural - we will turn aside",
"*nāḵərî*": "masculine singular adjective - foreign/strange",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ʿāḇarnû*": "perfect, 1st common plural with waw consecutive - and we will pass over",
"*giḇəʿâ*": "proper noun - Gibeah"
},
"variants": {
"*nāḵərî*": "foreign/strange/alien",
"*ʿāḇarnû*": "we will pass over/we will continue to/we will go on to"
}
}
13 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.13",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר לְנַעֲר֔וֹ לְךָ֥ וְנִקְרְבָ֖ה בְּאַחַ֣ד הַמְּקֹמ֑וֹת וְלַ֥נּוּ בַגִּבְעָ֖ה א֥וֹ בָרָמָֽה׃",
"text": "And *wayyōmer* to-*naʿărô* go and-*niqrəḇâ* in-one-of the-*məqōmôt*; and-*lannû* in-the-*giḇəʿâ* or in-the-*rāmâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōmer*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*naʿărô*": "masculine singular noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his servant",
"*niqrəḇâ*": "cohortative, 1st common plural - let us draw near",
"*məqōmôt*": "masculine plural noun with definite article - the places",
"*lannû*": "perfect, 1st common plural with waw consecutive - and we will lodge",
"*giḇəʿâ*": "proper noun with definite article - the Gibeah",
"*rāmâ*": "proper noun with definite article - the Ramah"
},
"variants": {
"*niqrəḇâ*": "let us draw near/let us approach/let us come to",
"*məqōmôt*": "places/locations/towns"
}
}
14 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.14",
"source": "וַיַּעַבְר֖וּ וַיֵּלֵ֑כוּ וַתָּבֹ֤א לָהֶם֙ הַשֶּׁ֔מֶשׁ אֵ֥צֶל הַגִּבְעָ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְבִנְיָמִֽן׃",
"text": "And *wayyaʿaḇrû* and *wayyēlēḵû*; and *wattāḇōʾ* to-them the-*šemeš* beside the-*giḇəʿâ* which to-*ḇinyāmin*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyaʿaḇrû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they passed on",
"*wayyēlēḵû*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they went",
"*wattāḇōʾ*": "conjunction + imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and it came",
"*šemeš*": "feminine singular noun with definite article - the sun",
"*giḇəʿâ*": "proper noun with definite article - the Gibeah",
"*ḇinyāmin*": "proper noun - Benjamin"
},
"variants": {
"*wattāḇōʾ* *lāhem* *ha-šemeš*": "and the sun went down on them/and the sun set for them",
"*ʾēṣel*": "beside/near/close to"
}
}
15 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.15",
"source": "וַיָּסֻ֣רוּ שָׁ֔ם לָב֖וֹא לָל֣וּן בַּגִּבְעָ֑ה וַיָּבֹ֗א וַיֵּ֙שֶׁב֙ בִּרְח֣וֹב הָעִ֔יר וְאֵ֥ין אִ֛ישׁ מְאַסֵּֽף־אוֹתָ֥ם הַבַּ֖יְתָה לָלֽוּן׃",
"text": "*wə-yāsûrû* there *lābôʾ* *lālûn* in-the-*Gibʿāh* *wə-yābōʾ* *wə-yêšeb* in-*rəḥôb* the-*ʿîr* *wə-ʾên* *ʾîš* *məʾassêp*-them the-*baytāh* *lālûn*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yāsûrû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they turned aside",
"*lābôʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to come/enter",
"*lālûn*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to lodge/spend the night",
"*Gibʿāh*": "proper noun with locative-he - in Gibeah",
"*wə-yābōʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he came/entered",
"*wə-yêšeb*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he sat/dwelt",
"*rəḥôb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - open place/square/street",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular - city",
"*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there was not",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*məʾassêp*": "piel participle masculine singular - gathering/taking in",
"*baytāh*": "noun, masculine singular with directional he - to the house",
"*lālûn*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to lodge/spend the night"
},
"variants": {
"*yāsûrû*": "turned aside/diverted/departed",
"*lābôʾ*": "to come/enter/go in",
"*lālûn*": "to lodge/spend the night/stay",
"*rəḥôb*": "open place/square/broad street",
"*məʾassêp*": "gathering/taking in/receiving"
}
}
16 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.16",
"source": "וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ אִ֣ישׁ זָקֵ֗ן בָּ֣א מִֽן־מַעֲשֵׂ֤הוּ מִן־הַשָּׂדֶה֙ בָּעֶ֔רֶב וְהָאִישׁ֙ מֵהַ֣ר אֶפְרַ֔יִם וְהוּא־גָ֖ר בַּגִּבְעָ֑ה וְאַנְשֵׁ֥י הַמָּק֖וֹם בְּנֵ֥י יְמִינִֽי׃",
"text": "*wə-hinnēh* *ʾîš* *zāqēn* *bāʾ* from-*maʿăśēhû* from-the-*śādeh* in-the-*ʿereb* *wə-hāʾîš* from-*har* *ʾEprayim* *wə-hûʾ*-*gār* in-the-*Gibʿāh* *wə-ʾanšê* the-*māqôm* *bənê* *Yəmînî*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*zāqēn*": "adjective, masculine singular - old",
"*bāʾ*": "qal participle masculine singular - coming",
"*maʿăśēhû*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person suffix - his work",
"*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the field",
"*ʿereb*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the evening",
"*wə-hāʾîš*": "conjunction + definite article + noun, masculine singular - and the man",
"*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct with definite article - mount of",
"*ʾEprayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim",
"*wə-hûʾ*": "conjunction + independent personal pronoun 3rd masculine singular - and he",
"*gār*": "qal participle masculine singular - sojourning/dwelling temporarily",
"*Gibʿāh*": "proper noun with definite article - in Gibeah",
"*wə-ʾanšê*": "conjunction + noun, masculine plural construct - and men of",
"*māqôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the place",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*Yəmînî*": "proper noun - Benjaminites (sons of the right hand)"
},
"variants": {
"*zāqēn*": "old/elderly/aged",
"*bāʾ*": "coming/arriving/entering",
"*maʿăśēhû*": "his work/labor/occupation",
"*gār*": "sojourning/dwelling temporarily/residing as an alien",
"*māqôm*": "place/location/region",
"*Yəmînî*": "Benjaminites/right-hand ones"
}
}
17 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.17",
"source": "וַיִּשָּׂ֣א עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּ֛רְא אֶת־הָאִ֥ישׁ הָאֹרֵ֖חַ בִּרְחֹ֣ב הָעִ֑יר וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָאִ֧ישׁ הַזָּקֵ֛ן אָ֥נָה תֵלֵ֖ךְ וּמֵאַ֥יִן תָּבֽוֹא׃",
"text": "*wə-yiśśāʾ* *ʿênāyw* *wə-yarʾ* *ʾet*-the-*ʾîš* the-*ʾōrēaḥ* in-*rəḥōb* the-*ʿîr* *wə-yōʾmer* the-*ʾîš* the-*zāqēn* *ʾānāh* *tēlēk* *û-mēʾayin* *tābôʾ*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yiśśāʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he lifted up",
"*ʿênāyw*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his eyes",
"*wə-yarʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he saw",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man",
"*ʾōrēaḥ*": "participle/noun, masculine singular with definite article - the traveler/wayfarer",
"*rəḥōb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - open place/square/street of",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city",
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man",
"*zāqēn*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the old",
"*ʾānāh*": "interrogative adverb - where/whither",
"*tēlēk*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you go",
"*û-mēʾayin*": "conjunction + preposition + interrogative adverb - and from where",
"*tābôʾ*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - you come"
},
"variants": {
"*yiśśāʾ*": "lifted up/raised/carried",
"*yarʾ*": "saw/observed/noticed",
"*ʾōrēaḥ*": "traveler/wayfarer/visitor/guest",
"*rəḥōb*": "open place/square/broad street",
"*ʾānāh*": "where/whither/to what place",
"*tēlēk*": "you go/walk/travel",
"*tābôʾ*": "you come/enter/arrive"
}
}
18 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.18",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֵלָ֗יו עֹבְרִ֨ים אֲנַ֜חְנוּ מִבֵּֽית־לֶ֣חֶם יְהוּדָה֮ עַד־יַרְכְּתֵ֣י הַר־אֶפְרַיִם֒ מִשָּׁ֣ם אָנֹ֔כִי וָאֵלֵ֕ךְ עַד־בֵּ֥ית לֶ֖חֶם יְהוּדָ֑ה וְאֶת־בֵּ֤ית יְהוָה֙ אֲנִ֣י הֹלֵ֔ךְ וְאֵ֣ין אִ֔ישׁ מְאַסֵּ֥ף אוֹתִ֖י הַבָּֽיְתָה׃",
"text": "*wə-yōʾmer* to-him *ʿōbrîm* *ʾănaḥnû* from-*Bêt-leḥem* *Yəhûdāh* until-*yarkətê* *har*-*ʾEprayim* from-there *ʾānōkî* *wā-ʾēlēk* until-*Bêt leḥem* *Yəhûdāh* *wə-ʾet*-*bêt* *YHWH* *ʾănî* *hōlēk* *wə-ʾên* *ʾîš* *məʾassēp* me the-*baytāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʿōbrîm*": "qal participle masculine plural - passing over/crossing",
"*ʾănaḥnû*": "1st person plural personal pronoun - we",
"*Bêt-leḥem*": "proper noun, construct - Bethlehem (house of bread)",
"*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*yarkətê*": "noun, feminine dual construct - remote parts/innermost parts",
"*har*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mountain of",
"*ʾEprayim*": "proper noun - Ephraim",
"*ʾānōkî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I",
"*wā-ʾēlēk*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person singular - and I went",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh",
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular personal pronoun - I",
"*hōlēk*": "qal participle masculine singular - going",
"*wə-ʾên*": "conjunction + particle of negation - and there is not",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*məʾassēp*": "piel participle masculine singular - gathering/taking in",
"*baytāh*": "noun, masculine singular with directional he - to the house"
},
"variants": {
"*ʿōbrîm*": "passing over/crossing/traveling",
"*yarkətê*": "remote parts/innermost parts/far reaches",
"*wā-ʾēlēk*": "I went/traveled/journeyed",
"*hōlēk*": "going/walking/traveling",
"*məʾassēp*": "gathering/taking in/receiving"
}
}
19 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.19",
"source": "וְגַם־תֶּ֤בֶן גַּם־מִסְפּוֹא֙ יֵ֣שׁ לַחֲמוֹרֵ֔ינוּ וְ֠גַם לֶ֣חֶם וָיַ֤יִן יֶשׁ־לִי֙ וְלַֽאֲמָתֶ֔ךָ וְלַנַּ֖עַר עִם־עֲבָדֶ֑יךָ אֵ֥ין מַחְס֖וֹר כָּל־דָּבָֽר׃",
"text": "*wə-gam*-*teben* *gam*-*mispôʾ* *yēš* for-*ḥămôrênû* *wə-gam* *leḥem* *wə-yayin* *yeš*-to-me *wə-la-ʾămātekā* *wə-la-naʿar* with-*ʿăbādeykā* *ʾên* *maḥsôr* any-*dābār*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-gam*": "conjunction + particle - and also",
"*teben*": "noun, masculine singular - straw",
"*gam*": "particle - also",
"*mispôʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - fodder/feed",
"*yēš*": "particle of existence - there is",
"*ḥămôrênû*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 1st person plural suffix - our donkeys",
"*wə-gam*": "conjunction + particle - and also",
"*leḥem*": "noun, masculine singular - bread/food",
"*wə-yayin*": "conjunction + noun, masculine singular - and wine",
"*yeš*": "particle of existence - there is",
"*la-ʾămātekā*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to your maidservant",
"*wə-la-naʿar*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular - and to the young man",
"*ʿăbādeykā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servants",
"*ʾên*": "particle of negation - there is not",
"*maḥsôr*": "noun, masculine singular - lack/need/want",
"*dābār*": "noun, masculine singular - thing/matter/word"
},
"variants": {
"*teben*": "straw/stubble/chaff",
"*mispôʾ*": "fodder/feed/provender",
"*leḥem*": "bread/food/grain",
"*yayin*": "wine/fermented drink",
"*ʾămātekā*": "your maidservant/female slave",
"*naʿar*": "young man/servant/attendant",
"*maḥsôr*": "lack/need/want",
"*dābār*": "thing/matter/word"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.20",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר הָאִ֤ישׁ הַזָּקֵן֙ שָׁל֣וֹם לָ֔ךְ רַ֥ק כָּל־מַחְסוֹרְךָ֖ עָלָ֑י רַ֥ק בָּרְח֖וֹב אַל־תָּלַֽן׃",
"text": "*wə-yōʾmer* the-*ʾîš* the-*zāqēn* *šālôm* to-you *raq* all-*maḥsôrəkā* upon-me *raq* in-the-*rəḥôb* *ʾal*-*tālan*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man",
"*zāqēn*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the old",
"*šālôm*": "noun, masculine singular - peace",
"*raq*": "adverb - only/surely",
"*maḥsôrəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your need",
"*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not",
"*tālan*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular jussive - may you lodge"
},
"variants": {
"*šālôm*": "peace/welfare/completeness",
"*raq*": "only/just/surely",
"*maḥsôrəkā*": "your need/lack/want",
"*rəḥôb*": "open place/square/broad street",
"*tālan*": "lodge/spend the night/stay"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.21",
"source": "וַיְבִיאֵ֣הוּ לְבֵית֔וֹ וַיָּ֖בָול לַחֲמוֹרִ֑ים וַֽיִּרְחֲצוּ֙ רַגְלֵיהֶ֔ם וַיֹּאכְל֖וּ וַיִּשְׁתּֽוּ׃",
"text": "*wə-yəbîʾēhû* to-*bêtô* *wə-yābūl* for-the-*ḥămôrîm* *wə-yirḥăṣû* *raglêhem* *wə-yōʾkəlû* *wə-yištû*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yəbîʾēhû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and he brought him",
"*bêtô*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his house",
"*wə-yābūl*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he gave fodder",
"*ḥămôrîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the donkeys",
"*wə-yirḥăṣû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they washed",
"*raglêhem*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their feet",
"*wə-yōʾkəlû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they ate",
"*wə-yištû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they drank"
},
"variants": {
"*yəbîʾēhû*": "brought him/led him in/caused him to enter",
"*yābūl*": "gave fodder/mixed feed/provided provender",
"*yirḥăṣû*": "washed/cleansed/bathed",
"*yōʾkəlû*": "ate/consumed/dined",
"*yištû*": "drank/imbibed"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.22",
"source": "הֵמָּה֮ מֵיטִיבִ֣ים אֶת־לִבָּם֒ וְהִנֵּה֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י הָעִ֜יר אַנְשֵׁ֣י בְנֵֽי־בְלִיַּ֗עַל נָסַ֙בּוּ֙ אֶת־הַבַּ֔יִת מִֽתְדַּפְּקִ֖ים עַל־הַדָּ֑לֶת וַיֹּאמְר֗וּ אֶל־הָ֠אִישׁ בַּ֣עַל הַבַּ֤יִת הַזָּקֵן֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר הוֹצֵ֗א אֶת־הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֥א אֶל־בֵּיתְךָ֖ וְנֵדָעֶֽנּוּ׃",
"text": "They *mêṭîbîm* *ʾet*-*libbām* *wə-hinnēh* *ʾanšê* the-*ʿîr* *ʾanšê* *bənê*-*bəlîyaʿal* *nāsabbû* *ʾet*-the-*bayit* *mitdappəqîm* on-the-*dālet* *wə-yōʾmərû* to-the-*ʾîš* *baʿal* the-*bayit* the-*zāqēn* *lēʾmōr* *hôṣēʾ* *ʾet*-the-*ʾîš* who-*bāʾ* to-*bêtəkā* *wə-nēdāʿennû*",
"grammar": {
"*mêṭîbîm*": "hiphil participle masculine plural - making good",
"*libbām*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their heart",
"*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of",
"*ʿîr*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the city",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of",
"*bənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - sons of",
"*bəlîyaʿal*": "noun - worthlessness/wickedness",
"*nāsabbû*": "niphal perfect 3rd person common plural - surrounded",
"*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the house",
"*mitdappəqîm*": "hithpael participle masculine plural - beating repeatedly",
"*dālet*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the door",
"*wə-yōʾmərû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they said",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man",
"*baʿal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - owner of",
"*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the house",
"*zāqēn*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the old",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*hôṣēʾ*": "hiphil imperative masculine singular - bring out",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man",
"*bāʾ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - came",
"*bêtəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your house",
"*wə-nēdāʿennû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 1st person common plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and we may know him"
},
"variants": {
"*mêṭîbîm*": "making good/pleasing/enjoying (their hearts)",
"*libbām*": "their heart/mind/inner person",
"*bəlîyaʿal*": "worthlessness/wickedness/evil",
"*nāsabbû*": "surrounded/encompassed/encircled",
"*mitdappəqîm*": "beating repeatedly/pounding/knocking",
"*baʿal*": "owner/master/possessor",
"*lēʾmōr*": "saying/speaking",
"*hôṣēʾ*": "bring out/lead out/produce",
"*nēdāʿennû*": "we may know him (sexually)/be intimate with him/have intercourse with him"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.23",
"source": "וַיֵּצֵ֣א אֲלֵיהֶ֗ם הָאִישׁ֙ בַּ֣עַל הַבַּ֔יִת וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֔ם אַל־אַחַ֖י אַל־תָּרֵ֣עוּ נָ֑א אַ֠חֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר־בָּ֞א הָאִ֤ישׁ הַזֶּה֙ אַל־בֵּיתִ֔י אַֽל־תַּעֲשׂ֖וּ אֶת־הַנְּבָלָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃",
"text": "*wə-yēṣēʾ* to-them the-*ʾîš* *baʿal* the-*bayit* *wə-yōʾmer* to-them *ʾal*-my-brothers *ʾal*-*tārēʿû* *nāʾ* after that-*bāʾ* the-*ʾîš* this to-*bêtî* *ʾal*-*taʿăśû* *ʾet*-the-*nəbālāh* the-this",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yēṣēʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he went out",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man",
"*baʿal*": "noun, masculine singular construct - owner of",
"*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the house",
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not",
"*tārēʿû*": "hiphil imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you act wickedly",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please",
"*bāʾ*": "qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - came",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man",
"*bêtî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my house",
"*ʾal*": "negative particle - do not",
"*taʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you do",
"*nəbālāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the folly/disgraceful thing",
"*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this"
},
"variants": {
"*yēṣēʾ*": "went out/exited/came forth",
"*baʿal*": "owner/master/possessor",
"*tārēʿû*": "act wickedly/do evil/behave badly",
"*nāʾ*": "please/I pray/now (particle of entreaty)",
"*taʿăśû*": "do/make/commit",
"*nəbālāh*": "folly/disgraceful thing/outrageous act"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.24",
"source": "הִנֵּה֩ בִתִּ֨י הַבְּתוּלָ֜ה וּפִֽילַגְשֵׁ֗הוּ אוֹצִֽיאָה־נָּ֤א אוֹתָם֙ וְעַנּ֣וּ אוֹתָ֔ם וַעֲשׂ֣וּ לָהֶ֔ם הַטּ֖וֹב בְּעֵינֵיכֶ֑ם וְלָאִ֤ישׁ הַזֶּה֙ לֹ֣א תַעֲשׂ֔וּ דְּבַ֖ר הַנְּבָלָ֥ה הַזֹּֽאת׃",
"text": "*hinnēh* *bittî* the-*bətûlāh* *û-pîlagšēhû* *ʾôṣîʾāh*-*nāʾ* them *wə-ʿannû* them *wa-ʿăśû* to-them the-*ṭôb* in-*ʿênêkem* *wə-lāʾîš* the-this not *taʿăśû* *dəbar* the-*nəbālāh* the-this",
"grammar": {
"*hinnēh*": "demonstrative particle - behold",
"*bittî*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person singular suffix - my daughter",
"*bətûlāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the virgin",
"*û-pîlagšēhû*": "conjunction + noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and his concubine",
"*ʾôṣîʾāh*": "hiphil imperfect 1st person singular cohortative - let me bring out",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please",
"*wə-ʿannû*": "conjunction + piel imperative masculine plural - and humiliate/ravish",
"*wa-ʿăśû*": "conjunction + qal imperative masculine plural - and do",
"*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular with definite article - the good",
"*ʿênêkem*": "noun, feminine dual construct with 2nd person masculine plural suffix - your eyes",
"*wə-lāʾîš*": "conjunction + preposition + noun, masculine singular with definite article - and to the man",
"*taʿăśû*": "qal imperfect 2nd person masculine plural - you do",
"*dəbar*": "noun, masculine singular construct - matter of",
"*nəbālāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the folly/disgraceful thing",
"*zōʾt*": "demonstrative pronoun, feminine singular - this"
},
"variants": {
"*bittî*": "my daughter",
"*bətûlāh*": "virgin/maiden",
"*pîlagšēhû*": "his concubine/secondary wife",
"*ʾôṣîʾāh*": "let me bring out/produce/lead out",
"*ʿannû*": "humiliate/ravish/violate",
"*ṭôb*": "good/pleasing/right",
"*ʿênêkem*": "your eyes/sight (idiom for judgment or opinion)",
"*dəbar*": "matter/thing/word"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.25",
"source": "וְלֹֽא־אָב֤וּ הָאֲנָשִׁים֙ לִשְׁמֹ֣עַֽ ל֔וֹ וַיַּחֲזֵ֤ק הָאִישׁ֙ בְּפִ֣ילַגְשׁ֔וֹ וַיֹּצֵ֥א אֲלֵיהֶ֖ם הַח֑וּץ וַיֵּדְע֣וּ א֠וֹתָהּ וַיִּֽתְעַלְּלוּ־בָ֤הּ כָּל־הַלַּ֙יְלָה֙ עַד־הַבֹּ֔קֶר וַֽיְשַׁלְּח֖וּהָ *בעלות **כַּעֲל֥וֹת הַשָּֽׁחַר׃",
"text": "*wə-lōʾ*-*ʾābû* the-*ʾănāšîm* *lišmōʿa* to-him *wə-yaḥăzēq* the-*ʾîš* in-*pîlagšô* *wə-yōṣēʾ* to-them the-*ḥûṣ* *wə-yēdəʿû* her *wə-yitʿalləlû*-in-her all-the-*laylāh* until-the-*bōqer* *wə-yəšalləḥûhā* at-*kaʿălôt* the-*šāḥar*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*ʾābû*": "qal perfect 3rd person common plural - they were willing",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the men",
"*lišmōʿa*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to listen",
"*wə-yaḥăzēq*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he seized",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man",
"*pîlagšô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his concubine",
"*wə-yōṣēʾ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he brought out",
"*ḥûṣ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the outside",
"*wə-yēdəʿû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they knew",
"*wə-yitʿalləlû*": "conjunction + hithpael imperfect 3rd person masculine plural - and they abused",
"*laylāh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the night",
"*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the morning",
"*wə-yəšalləḥûhā*": "conjunction + piel imperfect 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and they sent her away",
"*kaʿălôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - at the rising of",
"*šāḥar*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the dawn"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾābû*": "were willing/consented/agreed",
"*lišmōʿa*": "to listen/hear/obey",
"*yaḥăzēq*": "seized/took hold of/grasped",
"*yōṣēʾ*": "brought out/led out/sent out",
"*yēdəʿû*": "knew (sexually)/had intercourse with/violated",
"*yitʿalləlû*": "abused/maltreated/dealt wantonly with",
"*laylāh*": "night/darkness",
"*bōqer*": "morning/daybreak",
"*yəšalləḥûhā*": "sent her away/dismissed her/let her go",
"*kaʿălôt*": "at the rising of/when came up",
"*šāḥar*": "dawn/daybreak/morning light"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.26",
"source": "וַתָּבֹ֥א הָאִשָּׁ֖ה לִפְנ֣וֹת הַבֹּ֑קֶר וַתִּפֹּ֞ל פֶּ֧תַח בֵּית־הָאִ֛ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־אֲדוֹנֶ֥יהָ שָּׁ֖ם עַד־הָאֽוֹר׃",
"text": "*wə-tābōʾ* the-*ʾiššāh* *lipnôt* the-*bōqer* *wə-tippōl* *petaḥ* *bêt*-the-*ʾîš* that-*ʾădônêhā* there until-the-*ʾôr*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-tābōʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she came",
"*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the woman",
"*lipnôt*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - at the turning of",
"*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the morning",
"*wə-tippōl*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person feminine singular - and she fell",
"*petaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - entrance of",
"*bêt*": "noun, masculine singular construct - house of",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the man",
"*ʾădônêhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her lords/master",
"*ʾôr*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the light"
},
"variants": {
"*tābōʾ*": "came/arrived/entered",
"*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife",
"*lipnôt*": "at the turning of/at the approach of/at daybreak",
"*tippōl*": "fell/collapsed/fell down",
"*petaḥ*": "entrance/doorway/opening",
"*ʾădônêhā*": "her lords/master/husband",
"*ʾôr*": "light/daylight/morning light"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.27",
"source": "וַיָּ֨קָם אֲדֹנֶ֜יהָ בַּבֹּ֗קֶר וַיִּפְתַּח֙ דַּלְת֣וֹת הַבַּ֔יִת וַיֵּצֵ֖א לָלֶ֣כֶת לְדַרְכּ֑וֹ וְהִנֵּ֧ה הָאִשָּׁ֣ה פִֽילַגְשׁ֗וֹ נֹפֶ֙לֶת֙ פֶּ֣תַח הַבַּ֔יִת וְיָדֶ֖יהָ עַל־הַסַּֽף׃",
"text": "*wə-yāqām* *ʾădōneyhā* in-the-*bōqer* *wə-yiptaḥ* *daltôt* the-*bayit* *wə-yēṣēʾ* *lāleket* to-*darkô* *wə-hinnēh* the-*ʾiššāh* *pîlagšô* *nōpelet* *petaḥ* the-*bayit* *wə-yādeyhā* on-the-*sap*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yāqām*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he arose",
"*ʾădōneyhā*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - her lords/master",
"*bōqer*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the morning",
"*wə-yiptaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he opened",
"*daltôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - doors of",
"*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the house",
"*wə-yēṣēʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect 3rd person masculine singular - and he went out",
"*lāleket*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to go",
"*darkô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his way",
"*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold",
"*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the woman",
"*pîlagšô*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his concubine",
"*nōpelet*": "qal participle feminine singular - fallen",
"*petaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - entrance of",
"*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the house",
"*wə-yādeyhā*": "conjunction + noun, feminine dual construct with 3rd person feminine singular suffix - and her hands",
"*sap*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the threshold"
},
"variants": {
"*yāqām*": "arose/got up/stood",
"*ʾădōneyhā*": "her lords/master/husband",
"*yiptaḥ*": "opened/unlocked",
"*daltôt*": "doors/entrances",
"*yēṣēʾ*": "went out/exited/departed",
"*lāleket*": "to go/walk/travel",
"*darkô*": "his way/journey/road",
"*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife",
"*pîlagšô*": "his concubine/secondary wife",
"*nōpelet*": "fallen/lying/collapsed",
"*sap*": "threshold/doorstep/entrance"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.28",
"source": "וַיֹּ֧אמֶר אֵלֶ֛יהָ ק֥וּמִי וְנֵלֵ֖כָה וְאֵ֣ין עֹנֶ֑ה וַיִּקָּחֶ֙הָ֙ עַֽל־הַחֲמ֔וֹר וַיָּ֣קָם הָאִ֔ישׁ וַיֵּ֖לֶךְ לִמְקֹמֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* to her *qûmî* and *wənēlēkāh* and *wəʾên* *ʿōneh*; and *wayyiqqāḥehā* upon *haḥămôr* and *wayyāqām* *hāʾîš* and *wayyēlek* to *limqōmô*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he said",
"*ʾēlehā*": "preposition + 3rd feminine singular suffix - to her",
"*qûmî*": "imperative, feminine singular - arise/get up",
"*wənēlēkāh*": "waw conjunction + cohortative, 1st plural - and let us go",
"*wəʾên*": "waw conjunction + particle of negation - and there was no",
"*ʿōneh*": "participle, masculine singular - one answering",
"*wayyiqqāḥehā*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he took her",
"*haḥămôr*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the donkey",
"*wayyāqām*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he arose",
"*hāʾîš*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the man",
"*wayyēlek*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he went",
"*limqōmô*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to his place"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "and he said/spoke/commanded",
"*qûmî*": "stand up/arise/get up",
"*wənēlēkāh*": "and let us go/depart/walk",
"*ʿōneh*": "answering/responding",
"*wayyiqqāḥehā*": "and he took/carried/lifted her",
"*haḥămôr*": "the donkey/ass",
"*wayyāqām*": "and he arose/stood up/got up",
"*hāʾîš*": "the man/husband/male",
"*wayyēlek*": "and he went/walked/departed",
"*limqōmô*": "to his place/home/dwelling"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "Judges.19.29",
"source": "וַיָּבֹ֣א אֶל־בֵּית֗וֹ וַיִּקַּ֤ח אֶת־הַֽמַּאֲכֶ֙לֶת֙ וַיַּחֲזֵ֣ק בְּפִֽילַגְשׁ֔וֹ וַֽיְנַתְּחֶ֙הָ֙ לַעֲצָמֶ֔יהָ לִשְׁנֵ֥ים עָשָׂ֖ר נְתָחִ֑ים וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֶ֔הָ בְּכֹ֖ל גְּב֥וּל יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "And *wayyābōʾ* to *bêtô* and *wayyiqqaḥ* *ʾet-hammaʾăkelet* and *wayyaḥăzēq* in *pîlagšô* and *waynatteḥehā* according to *laʿăṣāmehā* to *lišnêm ʿāśār nətāḥîm* and *wayšalleḥehā* in all *gəbûl yiśrāʾēl*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyābōʾ*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he came/entered",
"*bêtô*": "noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his house",
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he took",
"*ʾet-hammaʾăkelet*": "direct object marker + definite article + noun, feminine singular - the knife",
"*wayyaḥăzēq*": "waw consecutive + imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he seized/grasped",
"*pîlagšô*": "noun, feminine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his concubine",
"*waynatteḥehā*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he cut her up",
"*laʿăṣāmehā*": "preposition + noun, feminine plural + 3rd feminine singular suffix - according to her bones",
"*lišnêm ʿāśār nətāḥîm*": "preposition + numeral (twelve) + noun, masculine plural - into twelve pieces",
"*wayšalleḥehā*": "waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd feminine singular suffix - and he sent her",
"*gəbûl yiśrāʾēl*": "noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - territory/border of Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyābōʾ*": "and he came/entered/arrived",
"*bêtô*": "his house/home/dwelling",
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "and he took/grasped/seized",
"*hammaʾăkelet*": "the knife/cutting instrument",
"*wayyaḥăzēq*": "and he seized/took hold of/grasped firmly",
"*pîlagšô*": "his concubine/secondary wife",
"*waynatteḥehā*": "and he cut her up/dismembered her/divided her",
"*laʿăṣāmehā*": "according to her bones/limbs/body parts",
"*nətāḥîm*": "pieces/parts/sections",
"*wayšalleḥehā*": "and he sent her/dispatched her/sent her away",
"*gəbûl yiśrāʾēl*": "territory of Israel/borders of Israel/regions of Israel"
}
}