1{
"verseID": "Judges.9.1",
"source": "וַיֵּלֶךְ אֲבִימֶלֶךְ בֶּן־יְרֻבַּעַל שְׁכֶמָה אֶל־אֲחֵי אִמּוֹ וַיְדַבֵּר אֲלֵיהֶם וְאֶל־כָּל־מִשְׁפַּחַת בֵּית־אֲבִי אִמּוֹ לֵאמֹר",
"text": "*wə-yēlek* *ʾăbîmelek* *ben*-*yərubbaʿal* *šəkemāh* *ʾel*-*ʾăḥê* *ʾimmô* *wə-yədabbēr* *ʾălêhem* *wə-ʾel*-*kol*-*mišpaḥat* *bêt*-*ʾăbî* *ʾimmô* *lēʾmōr*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yēlek*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he went",
"*ʾăbîmelek*": "proper noun, masculine - Abimelech",
"*ben*": "construct noun, masculine singular - son of",
"*yərubbaʿal*": "proper noun, masculine - Jerubbaal",
"*šəkemāh*": "proper noun with directional heh - to Shechem",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to, unto",
"*ʾăḥê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - brothers of",
"*ʾimmô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3ms possessive suffix - his mother",
"*wə-yədabbēr*": "Piel imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he spoke",
"*ʾălêhem*": "preposition with 3mp suffix - to them",
"*wə-ʾel*": "conjunction with preposition - and to",
"*kol*": "construct noun - all of",
"*mišpaḥat*": "construct noun, feminine singular - family of",
"*bêt*": "construct noun, masculine singular - house of",
"*ʾăbî*": "construct noun, masculine singular - father of",
"*ʾimmô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3ms possessive suffix - his mother",
"*lēʾmōr*": "Qal infinitive construct - saying"
},
"variants": {
"*wə-yēlek*": "and he went/proceeded/traveled",
"*ʾăbîmelek*": "Abimelech (proper name meaning 'my father is king')",
"*ben*": "son of/descendant of",
"*yərubbaʿal*": "Jerubbaal (alternate name for Gideon)",
"*šəkemāh*": "to Shechem (city name)",
"*mišpaḥat*": "family/clan/kindred"
}
}
2{
"verseID": "Judges.9.2",
"source": "דַּבְּרוּ־נָא בְּאָזְנֵי כָל־בַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם מַה־טּוֹב לָכֶם הַמְשֹׁל בָּכֶם שִׁבְעִים אִישׁ כֹּל בְּנֵי יְרֻבַּעַל אִם־מְשֹׁל בָּכֶם אִישׁ אֶחָד וּזְכַרְתֶּם כִּי־עַצְמֵכֶם וּבְשַׂרְכֶם אָנִי",
"text": "*dabbərû*-*nāʾ* *bə-ʾoznê* *kol*-*baʿălê* *šəkem* *mah*-*ṭôb* *lākem* *ha-məšōl* *bākem* *šibʿîm* *ʾîš* *kōl* *bənê* *yərubbaʿal* *ʾim*-*məšōl* *bākem* *ʾîš* *ʾeḥād* *û-zəkartem* *kî*-*ʿaṣməkem* *û-bəśarkem* *ʾănî*",
"grammar": {
"*dabbərû*": "Piel imperative, masculine plural - speak",
"*nāʾ*": "particle of entreaty - please",
"*bə-ʾoznê*": "preposition with construct noun, feminine dual - in the ears of",
"*kol*": "construct noun - all of",
"*baʿălê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - lords/citizens of",
"*šəkem*": "proper noun - Shechem",
"*mah*": "interrogative pronoun - what",
"*ṭôb*": "adjective, masculine singular - good",
"*lākem*": "preposition with 2mp suffix - to/for you",
"*ha-məšōl*": "article with Qal infinitive construct - the ruling",
"*bākem*": "preposition with 2mp suffix - over you",
"*šibʿîm*": "cardinal number - seventy",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*kōl*": "construct noun - all of",
"*bənê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - sons of",
"*yərubbaʿal*": "proper noun, masculine - Jerubbaal",
"*ʾim*": "conjunction - if/or",
"*məšōl*": "Qal infinitive construct - ruling",
"*bākem*": "preposition with 2mp suffix - over you",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*ʾeḥād*": "cardinal number, masculine singular - one",
"*û-zəkartem*": "conjunction with Qal perfect 2mp - and you shall remember",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that/because",
"*ʿaṣməkem*": "noun with 2mp suffix - your bone",
"*û-bəśarkem*": "conjunction with noun and 2mp suffix - and your flesh",
"*ʾănî*": "1st person singular pronoun - I"
},
"variants": {
"*dabbərû*-*nāʾ*": "speak now/please speak",
"*baʿălê*": "lords of/citizens of/men of",
"*mah*-*ṭôb*": "what is good/what is better",
"*ha-məšōl*": "the ruling/that should rule",
"*kî*-*ʿaṣməkem*": "because/that your bone (idiom for relationship)",
"*û-bəśarkem*": "and your flesh (idiom for relationship)"
}
}
3{
"verseID": "Judges.9.3",
"source": "וַיְדַבְּרוּ אֲחֵי־אִמּוֹ עָלָיו בְּאָזְנֵי כָּל־בַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם אֵת כָּל־הַדְּבָרִים הָאֵלֶּה וַיֵּט לִבָּם אַחֲרֵי אֲבִימֶלֶךְ כִּי אָמְרוּ אָחִינוּ הוּא",
"text": "*wa-yədabbərû* *ʾăḥê*-*ʾimmô* *ʿālāyw* *bə-ʾoznê* *kol*-*baʿălê* *šəkem* *ʾēt* *kol*-*ha-dəbārîm* *hā-ʾēlleh* *wa-yēṭ* *libbām* *ʾaḥărê* *ʾăbîmelek* *kî* *ʾāmərû* *ʾāḥînû* *hûʾ*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yədabbərû*": "Piel imperfect 3mp with waw consecutive - and they spoke",
"*ʾăḥê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - brothers of",
"*ʾimmô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3ms possessive suffix - his mother",
"*ʿālāyw*": "preposition with 3ms suffix - concerning him",
"*bə-ʾoznê*": "preposition with construct noun, feminine dual - in the ears of",
"*kol*": "construct noun - all of",
"*baʿălê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - lords/citizens of",
"*šəkem*": "proper noun - Shechem",
"*ʾēt*": "direct object marker",
"*kol*": "construct noun - all of",
"*ha-dəbārîm*": "article with noun, masculine plural - the words",
"*hā-ʾēlleh*": "article with demonstrative pronoun, plural - these",
"*wa-yēṭ*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and it inclined",
"*libbām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3mp possessive suffix - their heart",
"*ʾaḥărê*": "preposition - after",
"*ʾăbîmelek*": "proper noun, masculine - Abimelech",
"*kî*": "conjunction - because/for",
"*ʾāmərû*": "Qal perfect 3mp - they said",
"*ʾāḥînû*": "noun, masculine singular with 1cp possessive suffix - our brother",
"*hûʾ*": "3ms personal pronoun - he"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yēṭ* *libbām*": "and their heart inclined/and they were inclined/their hearts were swayed",
"*ʾaḥărê*": "after/following/toward",
"*kî*": "because/for/that"
}
}
4{
"verseID": "Judges.9.4",
"source": "וַיִּתְּנוּ־לוֹ שִׁבְעִים כֶּסֶף מִבֵּיתּ בַּעַל בְּרִית וַיִּשְׂכֹּר בָּהֶם אֲבִימֶלֶךְ אֲנָשִׁים רֵיקִים וּפֹחֲזִים וַיֵּלְכוּ אַחֲרָיו",
"text": "*wa-yittənû*-*lô* *šibʿîm* *kesep* *mi-bêt* *baʿal* *bərît* *wa-yiśkōr* *bāhem* *ʾăbîmelek* *ʾănāšîm* *rêqîm* *û-pōḥăzîm* *wa-yēlkû* *ʾaḥărāyw*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yittənû*": "Qal imperfect 3mp with waw consecutive - and they gave",
"*lô*": "preposition with 3ms suffix - to him",
"*šibʿîm*": "cardinal number - seventy",
"*kesep*": "noun, masculine singular - silver/money",
"*mi-bêt*": "preposition with construct noun, masculine singular - from house of",
"*baʿal*": "noun, masculine singular - Baal/master",
"*bərît*": "noun, feminine singular - covenant",
"*wa-yiśkōr*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he hired",
"*bāhem*": "preposition with 3mp suffix - with them",
"*ʾăbîmelek*": "proper noun, masculine - Abimelech",
"*ʾănāšîm*": "noun, masculine plural - men",
"*rêqîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - empty/vain/worthless",
"*û-pōḥăzîm*": "conjunction with adjective, masculine plural - and reckless",
"*wa-yēlkû*": "Qal imperfect 3mp with waw consecutive - and they went",
"*ʾaḥărāyw*": "preposition with 3ms suffix - after him"
},
"variants": {
"*kesep*": "silver/money/pieces of silver",
"*baʿal* *bərît*": "Baal of the Covenant (deity name)/master of covenant (temple name)",
"*rêqîm*": "empty/vain/worthless/idle",
"*pōḥăzîm*": "reckless/unstable/wild/light"
}
}
5{
"verseID": "Judges.9.5",
"source": "וַיָּבֹא בֵית־אָבִיו עָפְרָתָה וַיַּהֲרֹג אֶת־אֶחָיו בְּנֵי־יְרֻבַּעַל שִׁבְּעִים אִישׁ עַל־אֶבֶן אֶחָת וַיִּוָּתֵר יוֹתָם בֶּן־יְרֻבַּעַל הַקָּטֹן כִּי נֶחְבָּא",
"text": "*wa-yābōʾ* *bêt*-*ʾābîw* *ʿoprātāh* *wa-yaharōg* *ʾet*-*ʾeḥāyw* *bənê*-*yərubbaʿal* *šibʿîm* *ʾîš* *ʿal*-*ʾeben* *ʾeḥāt* *wa-yiwwātēr* *yôtām* *ben*-*yərubbaʿal* *ha-qqāṭōn* *kî* *neḥbāʾ*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yābōʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he came",
"*bêt*": "construct noun, masculine singular - house of",
"*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular with 3ms possessive suffix - his father",
"*ʿoprātāh*": "proper noun with directional heh - to Ophrah",
"*wa-yaharōg*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he killed",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾeḥāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3ms possessive suffix - his brothers",
"*bənê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - sons of",
"*yərubbaʿal*": "proper noun, masculine - Jerubbaal",
"*šibʿîm*": "cardinal number - seventy",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - upon",
"*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular - stone",
"*ʾeḥāt*": "cardinal number, feminine singular - one",
"*wa-yiwwātēr*": "Niphal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he remained",
"*yôtām*": "proper noun, masculine - Jotham",
"*ben*": "construct noun, masculine singular - son of",
"*yərubbaʿal*": "proper noun, masculine - Jerubbaal",
"*ha-qqāṭōn*": "article with adjective, masculine singular - the youngest",
"*kî*": "conjunction - because/for",
"*neḥbāʾ*": "Niphal perfect 3ms - he hid himself"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yaharōg*": "and he killed/slaughtered/murdered",
"*ʿal*-*ʾeben* *ʾeḥāt*": "on one stone/upon a single stone (execution method)",
"*ha-qqāṭōn*": "the youngest/smallest/least significant"
}
}
6{
"verseID": "Judges.9.6",
"source": "וַיֵּאָסְפוּ כָּל־בַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם וְכָל־בֵּית מִלּוֹא וַיֵּלְכוּ וַיַּמְלִיכוּ אֶת־אֲבִימֶלֶךְ לְמֶלֶךְ עִם־אֵלוֹן מֻצָּב אֲשֶׁר בִּשְׁכֶם",
"text": "*wa-yēʾāsəpû* *kol*-*baʿălê* *šəkem* *wə-kol*-*bêt* *millôʾ* *wa-yēləkû* *wa-yamlikû* *ʾet*-*ʾăbîmelek* *lə-melek* *ʿim*-*ʾēlôn* *muṣṣāb* *ʾăšer* *bi-šəkem*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yēʾāsəpû*": "Niphal imperfect 3mp with waw consecutive - and they gathered",
"*kol*": "construct noun - all of",
"*baʿălê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - lords/citizens of",
"*šəkem*": "proper noun - Shechem",
"*wə-kol*": "conjunction with construct noun - and all of",
"*bêt*": "construct noun, masculine singular - house of",
"*millôʾ*": "proper noun - Millo",
"*wa-yēləkû*": "Qal imperfect 3mp with waw consecutive - and they went",
"*wa-yamlikû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3mp with waw consecutive - and they made king",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾăbîmelek*": "proper noun, masculine - Abimelech",
"*lə-melek*": "preposition with noun, masculine singular - as king",
"*ʿim*": "preposition - with/by",
"*ʾēlôn*": "noun, masculine singular - oak/terebinth",
"*muṣṣāb*": "Hophal participle, masculine singular - erected/set up",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative pronoun - which",
"*bi-šəkem*": "preposition with proper noun - in Shechem"
},
"variants": {
"*millôʾ*": "Millo (proper name of a place/fortress)",
"*ʾēlôn* *muṣṣāb*": "oak/terebinth pillar/monument/standing stone"
}
}
7{
"verseID": "Judges.9.7",
"source": "וַיַּגִּדוּ לְיוֹתָם וַיֵּלֶךְ וַיַּעֲמֹד בְּרֹאשׁ הַר־גְּרִזִים וַיִּשָּׂא קוֹלוֹ וַיִּקְרָא וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם שִׁמְעוּ אֵלַי בַּעֲלֵי שְׁכֶם וְיִשְׁמַע אֲלֵיכֶם אֱלֹהִים",
"text": "*wa-yaggidû* *lə-yôtām* *wa-yēlek* *wa-yaʿămōd* *bə-rōʾš* *har*-*gərizzîm* *wa-yiśśāʾ* *qôlô* *wa-yiqrāʾ* *wa-yōʾmer* *lāhem* *šimʿû* *ʾēlay* *baʿălê* *šəkem* *wə-yišmaʿ* *ʾălêkem* *ʾĕlōhîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yaggidû*": "Hiphil imperfect 3mp with waw consecutive - and they told",
"*lə-yôtām*": "preposition with proper noun - to Jotham",
"*wa-yēlek*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he went",
"*wa-yaʿămōd*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he stood",
"*bə-rōʾš*": "preposition with construct noun, masculine singular - on top of",
"*har*": "construct noun, masculine singular - mountain of",
"*gərizzîm*": "proper noun - Gerizim",
"*wa-yiśśāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he lifted",
"*qôlô*": "noun, masculine singular with 3ms possessive suffix - his voice",
"*wa-yiqrāʾ*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he called",
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with waw consecutive - and he said",
"*lāhem*": "preposition with 3mp suffix - to them",
"*šimʿû*": "Qal imperative, masculine plural - listen",
"*ʾēlay*": "preposition with 1cs suffix - to me",
"*baʿălê*": "construct noun, masculine plural - lords/citizens of",
"*šəkem*": "proper noun - Shechem",
"*wə-yišmaʿ*": "Qal imperfect 3ms with conjunction - and may he listen",
"*ʾălêkem*": "preposition with 2mp suffix - to you",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God"
},
"variants": {
"*wa-yiśśāʾ* *qôlô*": "lifted up his voice (idiom for speaking loudly)",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine beings"
}
}
8{
"verseID": "Judges.9.8",
"source": "הָלוֹךְ הָלְכוּ הָעֵצִים לִמְשֹׁחַ עֲלֵיהֶם מֶלֶךְ וַיֹּאמְרוּ לַזַּיִת מָלְכָה עָלֵינוּ",
"text": "*hālôk* *hāləkû* *hā-ʿēṣîm* *li-mšōaḥ* *ʿălêhem* *melek* *wa-yōʾmərû* *la-zzayit* *molkāh* *ʿālênû*",
"grammar": {
"*hālôk*": "Qal infinitive absolute - going",
"*hāləkû*": "Qal perfect 3cp - they went",
"*hā-ʿēṣîm*": "article with noun, masculine plural - the trees",
"*li-mšōaḥ*": "preposition with Qal infinitive construct - to anoint",
"*ʿălêhem*": "preposition with 3mp suffix - over themselves",
"*melek*": "noun, masculine singular - king",
"*wa-yōʾmərû*": "Qal imperfect 3mp with waw consecutive - and they said",
"*la-zzayit*": "preposition with article and noun, masculine singular - to the olive tree",
"*molkāh*": "Qal imperative, feminine singular - rule (textual variant)",
"*ʿālênû*": "preposition with 1cp suffix - over us"
},
"variants": {
"*hālôk* *hāləkû*": "emphatic construction: certainly went/surely went",
"*la-zzayit*": "to the olive tree/olive tree",
"*molkāh*": "alternative form of the imperative feminine singular - reign/rule"
}
}