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Proverbs 19
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1 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.1", "source": "טֽוֹב־רָ֭שׁ הוֹלֵ֣ךְ בְּתֻמּ֑וֹ מֵעִקֵּ֥שׁ שְׂ֝פָתָ֗יו וְה֣וּא כְסִֽיל׃", "text": "Better *rāš* *hōlēḵ* in *tūmm* his than *ʿiqqēš* *śəpātāyw* and he *kəsîl*.", "grammar": { "*rāš*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor", "*hōlēḵ*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - walking/going", "*tūmm*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd person suffix - integrity/completeness", "*ʿiqqēš*": "adjective, masculine singular - crooked/perverse", "*śəpātāyw*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his lips", "*kəsîl*": "noun, masculine singular - fool/stupid person" }, "variants": { "*rāš*": "poor person/poverty", "*hōlēḵ*": "one who walks/conducts himself", "*tūmm*": "integrity/innocence/completeness", "*ʿiqqēš*": "crooked/perverse/twisted", "*kəsîl*": "fool/stupid one/dull person" } }

2 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.2", "source": "גַּ֤ם בְּלֹא־דַ֣עַת נֶ֣פֶשׁ לֹא־ט֑וֹב וְאָ֖ץ בְּרַגְלַ֣יִם חוֹטֵֽא׃", "text": "Also without *daʿat* *nepeš* not good and *ʾāṣ* with *raḡlayim* *ḥōṭēʾ*.", "grammar": { "*daʿat*": "noun, feminine singular - knowledge", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine singular - soul/life/person", "*ʾāṣ*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - hastening/rushing", "*raḡlayim*": "noun, feminine dual - feet", "*ḥōṭēʾ*": "participle, qal active, masculine singular - sinning/missing" }, "variants": { "*daʿat*": "knowledge/discernment/understanding", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/desire/person", "*ʾāṣ*": "one who hastes/rushes/hurries", "*raḡlayim*": "feet/legs", "*ḥōṭēʾ*": "sinning/missing the mark/going wrong" } }

3 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.3", "source": "אִוֶּ֣לֶת אָ֭דָם תְּסַלֵּ֣ף דַּרְכּ֑וֹ וְעַל־יְ֝הוָ֗ה יִזְעַ֥ף לִבּֽוֹ׃", "text": "*ʾiwwelet* *ʾādām* *təsallēp* *darkō* and against *YHWH* *yizʿap* *libbō*.", "grammar": { "*ʾiwwelet*": "noun, feminine singular - folly/foolishness", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*təsallēp*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - perverts/ruins", "*darkō*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his way", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*yizʿap*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - rages/is angry", "*libbō*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart" }, "variants": { "*ʾiwwelet*": "folly/foolishness/stupidity", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/person", "*təsallēp*": "perverts/ruins/twists", "*darkō*": "his way/path/journey", "*yizʿap*": "rages/is angry/fumes", "*libbō*": "his heart/mind/inner self" } }

4 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.4", "source": "ה֗וֹן יֹ֭סִיף רֵעִ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וְ֝דָ֗ל מֵרֵ֥עהוּ יִפָּרֵֽד׃", "text": "*hōn* *yōsîp* *rēʿîm* *rabbîm* and *dāl* from *rēʿēhū* *yippārēd*.", "grammar": { "*hōn*": "noun, masculine singular - wealth/riches", "*yōsîp*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - adds/increases", "*rēʿîm*": "noun, masculine plural - friends/companions", "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/numerous", "*dāl*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor/weak", "*rēʿēhū*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his friend", "*yippārēd*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - is separated/is parted" }, "variants": { "*hōn*": "wealth/riches/substance", "*yōsîp*": "adds/increases/multiplies", "*rēʿîm*": "friends/companions/neighbors", "*rabbîm*": "many/numerous/great", "*dāl*": "poor/weak/thin/needy", "*rēʿēhū*": "his friend/companion/neighbor", "*yippārēd*": "is separated/parted/divided from" } }

5 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.5", "source": "עֵ֣ד שְׁ֭קָרִים לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶ֑ה וְיָפִ֥יחַ כְּ֝זָבִ֗ים לֹ֣א יִמָּלֵֽט׃", "text": "*ʿēd* *šəqārîm* not *yinnāqeh* and *yāpîaḥ* *kəzābîm* not *yimmālēṭ*.", "grammar": { "*ʿēd*": "noun, masculine singular - witness", "*šəqārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lies/falsehoods", "*yinnāqeh*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be unpunished/acquitted", "*yāpîaḥ*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - breathing out/uttering", "*kəzābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lies/falsehoods", "*yimmālēṭ*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will escape/be delivered" }, "variants": { "*ʿēd*": "witness/testimony", "*šəqārîm*": "lies/falsehoods/deceptions", "*yinnāqeh*": "will be unpunished/will go free/will be acquitted", "*yāpîaḥ*": "one who breathes out/utters/speaks", "*kəzābîm*": "lies/falsehoods/deceptions", "*yimmālēṭ*": "will escape/will be delivered/will get away" } }

6 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.6", "source": "רַ֭בִּים יְחַלּ֣וּ פְנֵֽי־נָדִ֑יב וְכָל־הָ֝רֵ֗עַ לְאִ֣ישׁ מַתָּֽן׃", "text": "*rabbîm* *yəḥallū* face of *nādîb* and all *hārēaʿ* to *ʾîš* *mattān*.", "grammar": { "*rabbîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - many/numerous", "*yəḥallū*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - seek favor of/entreat", "*nādîb*": "adjective, masculine singular - noble/generous", "*hārēaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the friend/companion", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*mattān*": "noun, masculine singular - gift/present" }, "variants": { "*rabbîm*": "many/numerous/great", "*yəḥallū*": "seek favor of/entreat/implore", "*nādîb*": "noble/generous/willing", "*hārēaʿ*": "the friend/companion/associate", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/individual", "*mattān*": "gift/present/donation" } }

7 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.7", "source": "כָּ֥ל אֲחֵי־רָ֨שׁ ׀ שְֽׂנֵאֻ֗הוּ אַ֤ף כִּ֣י מְ֭רֵעֵהוּ רָחֲק֣וּ מִמֶּ֑נּוּ מְרַדֵּ֖ף אֲמָרִ֣ים *לא־**לוֹ־הֵֽמָּה׃", "text": "All *ʾăḥê*-*rāš* *śənēʾuhū* even more *mərēʿēhū* *rāḥăqū* from him *məraddēp* *ʾămārîm* *lō*-*hēmmāh*.", "grammar": { "*ʾăḥê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - brothers of", "*rāš*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor", "*śənēʾuhū*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - hate him", "*mərēʿēhū*": "noun, masculine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his friends", "*rāḥăqū*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd plural - are distant/keep away", "*məraddēp*": "verb, piel participle, masculine singular - pursuing/chasing", "*ʾămārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - words/sayings", "*lō*": "preposition with 3rd masculine singular suffix - to him", "*hēmmāh*": "pronoun, 3rd masculine plural - they" }, "variants": { "*ʾăḥê*": "brothers/relatives of", "*rāš*": "poor person/poverty", "*śənēʾuhū*": "hate him/reject him", "*mərēʿēhū*": "his friends/companions/associates", "*rāḥăqū*": "are distant/keep away/withdraw", "*məraddēp*": "pursuing/chasing after/following", "*ʾămārîm*": "words/sayings/speeches", "*lō*-*hēmmāh*": "they are not his/they are nothing to him" } }

8 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.8", "source": "קֹֽנֶה־לֵּ֭ב אֹהֵ֣ב נַפְשׁ֑וֹ שֹׁמֵ֥ר תְּ֝בוּנָ֗ה לִמְצֹא־טֽוֹב׃", "text": "*qōneh*-*lēb* *ʾōhēb* *napšō* *šōmēr* *təbūnāh* to find good.", "grammar": { "*qōneh*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - acquiring/getting", "*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular - heart/mind", "*ʾōhēb*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - loving", "*napšō*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul", "*šōmēr*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - keeping/guarding", "*təbūnāh*": "noun, feminine singular - understanding/discernment" }, "variants": { "*qōneh*": "acquiring/getting/buying", "*lēb*": "heart/mind/understanding", "*ʾōhēb*": "loving/liking/being fond of", "*napšō*": "his soul/life/self", "*šōmēr*": "keeping/guarding/watching", "*təbūnāh*": "understanding/discernment/intelligence" } }

9 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.9", "source": "עֵ֣ד שְׁ֭קָרִים לֹ֣א יִנָּקֶ֑ה וְיָפִ֖יחַ כְּזָבִ֣ים יֹאבֵֽד׃", "text": "*ʿēd* *šəqārîm* not *yinnāqeh* and *yāpîaḥ* *kəzābîm* *yōʾbēd*.", "grammar": { "*ʿēd*": "noun, masculine singular - witness", "*šəqārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lies/falsehoods", "*yinnāqeh*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be unpunished/acquitted", "*yāpîaḥ*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - breathing out/uttering", "*kəzābîm*": "noun, masculine plural - lies/falsehoods", "*yōʾbēd*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will perish/be destroyed" }, "variants": { "*ʿēd*": "witness/testimony", "*šəqārîm*": "lies/falsehoods/deceptions", "*yinnāqeh*": "will be unpunished/will go free/will be acquitted", "*yāpîaḥ*": "one who breathes out/utters/speaks", "*kəzābîm*": "lies/falsehoods/deceptions", "*yōʾbēd*": "will perish/be destroyed/be lost" } }

10 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.10", "source": "לֹֽא־נָאוֶ֣ה לִכְסִ֣יל תַּעֲנ֑וּג אַ֝ף כִּֽי־לְעֶ֤בֶד ׀ מְשֹׁ֬ל בְּשָׂרִֽים׃", "text": "Not *nāʾweh* for *kəsîl* *taʿănūḡ* much less for *ʿebed* *məšōl* over *śārîm*.", "grammar": { "*nāʾweh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - is fitting/suitable", "*kəsîl*": "noun, masculine singular - fool/stupid person", "*taʿănūḡ*": "noun, masculine singular - luxury/pleasure", "*ʿebed*": "noun, masculine singular - servant/slave", "*məšōl*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to rule/have dominion", "*śārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - princes/officials" }, "variants": { "*nāʾweh*": "is fitting/suitable/proper", "*kəsîl*": "fool/stupid one/dull person", "*taʿănūḡ*": "luxury/pleasure/delight", "*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/bondman", "*məšōl*": "to rule/have dominion/govern", "*śārîm*": "princes/officials/nobles" } }

11 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.11", "source": "שֵׂ֣כֶל אָ֭דָם הֶאֱרִ֣יךְ אַפּ֑וֹ וְ֝תִפאַרְתּ֗וֹ עֲבֹ֣ר עַל־פָּֽשַׁע׃", "text": "*śēkel* *ʾādām* *heʾĕrîḵ* *ʾappō* and *tipʾartō* *ʿăbōr* over *pāšaʿ*.", "grammar": { "*śēkel*": "noun, masculine singular - discretion/insight", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*heʾĕrîḵ*": "verb, hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - makes long/extends", "*ʾappō*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his anger/nostril", "*tipʾartō*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his glory/beauty", "*ʿăbōr*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to pass over/overlook", "*pāšaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular - transgression/rebellion" }, "variants": { "*śēkel*": "discretion/insight/prudence", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/person", "*heʾĕrîḵ*": "makes long/extends/defers", "*ʾappō*": "his anger/nostril/wrath", "*tipʾartō*": "his glory/beauty/honor", "*ʿăbōr*": "to pass over/overlook/forgive", "*pāšaʿ*": "transgression/rebellion/sin" } }

12 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.12", "source": "נַ֣הַם כַּ֭כְּפִיר זַ֣עַף מֶ֑לֶךְ וּכְטַ֖ל עַל־עֵ֣שֶׂב רְצוֹנֽוֹ׃", "text": "*naham* like *kəpîr* *zaʿap* *meleḵ* and like *ṭal* upon *ʿēśeb* *rəṣōnō*.", "grammar": { "*naham*": "noun, masculine singular - growling/roaring", "*kəpîr*": "noun, masculine singular - young lion", "*zaʿap*": "noun, masculine singular - rage/anger", "*meleḵ*": "noun, masculine singular - king", "*ṭal*": "noun, masculine singular - dew", "*ʿēśeb*": "noun, masculine singular - grass/vegetation", "*rəṣōnō*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his favor/pleasure" }, "variants": { "*naham*": "growling/roaring/rage", "*kəpîr*": "young lion/lion", "*zaʿap*": "rage/anger/wrath", "*meleḵ*": "king/sovereign", "*ṭal*": "dew/mist", "*ʿēśeb*": "grass/vegetation/herb", "*rəṣōnō*": "his favor/pleasure/goodwill" } }

13 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.13", "source": "הַוֺּ֣ת לְ֭אָבִיו בֵּ֣ן כְּסִ֑יל וְדֶ֥לֶף טֹ֝רֵ֗ד מִדְיְנֵ֥י אִשָּֽׁה׃", "text": "*hawwōt* to *ʾābîw* *bēn* *kəsîl* and *delep* *ṭōrēd* *midyənê* *ʾiššāh*.", "grammar": { "*hawwōt*": "noun, feminine singular - disaster/calamity", "*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father", "*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular - son", "*kəsîl*": "noun, masculine singular - fool/stupid person", "*delep*": "noun, masculine singular - dripping/leak", "*ṭōrēd*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - constantly/persistent", "*midyənê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - contentions of", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman/wife" }, "variants": { "*hawwōt*": "disaster/calamity/ruin", "*ʾābîw*": "his father/ancestor", "*bēn*": "son/male child", "*kəsîl*": "fool/stupid one/dull person", "*delep*": "dripping/leak/constant dropping", "*ṭōrēd*": "constantly/persistent/driving away", "*midyənê*": "contentions of/quarrels of/strife of", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife/female" } }

14 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.14", "source": "בַּ֣יִת וָ֭הוֹן נַחֲלַ֣ת אָב֑וֹת וּ֝מֵיְהוָ֗ה אִשָּׁ֥ה מַשְׂכָּֽלֶת׃", "text": "*bayit* and *hōn* *naḥălat* *ʾābōt* and from *YHWH* *ʾiššāh* *maśkālet*.", "grammar": { "*bayit*": "noun, masculine singular - house/home", "*hōn*": "noun, masculine singular - wealth/riches", "*naḥălat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - inheritance of", "*ʾābōt*": "noun, masculine plural - fathers/ancestors", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ʾiššāh*": "noun, feminine singular - woman/wife", "*maśkālet*": "verb, hiphil participle, feminine singular - prudent/intelligent" }, "variants": { "*bayit*": "house/home/dwelling", "*hōn*": "wealth/riches/substance", "*naḥălat*": "inheritance of/heritage of", "*ʾābōt*": "fathers/ancestors/forefathers", "*ʾiššāh*": "woman/wife/female", "*maśkālet*": "prudent/intelligent/wise" } }

15 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.15", "source": "עַ֭צְלָה תַּפִּ֣יל תַּרְדֵּמָ֑ה וְנֶ֖פֶשׁ רְמִיָּ֣ה תִרְעָֽב׃", "text": "*ʿaṣlāh* *tappîl* *tardēmāh* and *nepeš* *rəmiyyāh* *tirʿāb*.", "grammar": { "*ʿaṣlāh*": "noun, feminine singular - laziness/sloth", "*tappîl*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - causes to fall/brings", "*tardēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - deep sleep/lethargy", "*nepeš*": "noun, feminine singular - soul/life/person", "*rəmiyyāh*": "noun, feminine singular - deceit/slackness", "*tirʿāb*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will be hungry/will hunger" }, "variants": { "*ʿaṣlāh*": "laziness/sloth/sluggishness", "*tappîl*": "causes to fall/brings/casts", "*tardēmāh*": "deep sleep/lethargy/trance", "*nepeš*": "soul/life/person", "*rəmiyyāh*": "deceit/slackness/lazy", "*tirʿāb*": "will be hungry/will hunger/will starve" } }

16 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.16", "source": "שֹׁמֵ֣ר מִ֭צְוָה שֹׁמֵ֣ר נַפְשׁ֑וֹ בּוֹזֵ֖ה דְרָכָ֣יו *יומת **יָמֽוּת׃", "text": "*šōmēr* *miṣwāh* *šōmēr* *napšō* *bōzēh* *dərāḵāyw* *yāmūt*.", "grammar": { "*šōmēr*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - keeping/guarding", "*miṣwāh*": "noun, feminine singular - commandment/precept", "*napšō*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his soul", "*bōzēh*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - despising/scorning", "*dərāḵāyw*": "noun, feminine plural construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his ways", "*yāmūt*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will die" }, "variants": { "*šōmēr*": "keeping/guarding/watching", "*miṣwāh*": "commandment/precept/statute", "*napšō*": "his soul/life/self", "*bōzēh*": "despising/scorning/contemning", "*dərāḵāyw*": "his ways/paths/roads", "*yāmūt*": "will die/shall die/be put to death" } }

17 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.17", "source": "מַלְוֵ֣ה יְ֭הוָה ח֣וֹנֵֽן דָּ֑ל וּ֝גְמֻל֗וֹ יְשַׁלֶּם־לֽוֹ׃", "text": "*malwēh* *YHWH* *ḥōnēn* *dāl* and *ḡəmulō* *yəšallem*-to him.", "grammar": { "*malwēh*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - lending/borrowing", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ḥōnēn*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - showing favor/being gracious", "*dāl*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor/weak", "*ḡəmulō*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his deed/treatment", "*yəšallem*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will repay/restore" }, "variants": { "*malwēh*": "lending to/borrowing from", "*ḥōnēn*": "showing favor to/being gracious to/having pity on", "*dāl*": "poor/weak/needy/thin", "*ḡəmulō*": "his deed/treatment/benefit/reward", "*yəšallem*": "will repay/restore/make good" } }

18 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.18", "source": "יַסֵּ֣ר בִּ֭נְךָ כִּי־יֵ֣שׁ תִּקְוָ֑ה וְאֶל־הֲ֝מִית֗וֹ אַל־תִּשָּׂ֥א נַפְשֶֽׁךָ׃", "text": "*yassēr* *binḵā* because there is *tiqwāh* and to *hămîtō* not *tiśśāʾ* *napšeḵā*.", "grammar": { "*yassēr*": "verb, piel imperative, masculine singular - discipline/chasten", "*binḵā*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your son", "*tiqwāh*": "noun, feminine singular - hope/expectation", "*hămîtō*": "verb, hiphil infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - killing him", "*tiśśāʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - lift up/raise", "*napšeḵā*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your soul" }, "variants": { "*yassēr*": "discipline/chasten/correct", "*binḵā*": "your son/male child", "*tiqwāh*": "hope/expectation/prospect", "*hămîtō*": "killing him/putting him to death", "*tiśśāʾ*": "lift up/raise/bear", "*napšeḵā*": "your soul/desire/appetite" } }

19 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.19", "source": "*גרל־**גְּֽדָל־חֵ֭מָה נֹ֣שֵׂא עֹ֑נֶשׁ כִּ֥י אִם־תַּ֝צִּ֗יל וְע֣וֹד תּוֹסִֽף׃", "text": "*gədāl*-*ḥēmāh* *nōśēʾ* *ʿōneš* because if *taṣṣîl* then again *tōsîp*.", "grammar": { "*gədāl*": "adjective, masculine singular construct - great/large", "*ḥēmāh*": "noun, feminine singular - wrath/anger", "*nōśēʾ*": "verb, qal participle, masculine singular - bearing/carrying", "*ʿōneš*": "noun, masculine singular - penalty/fine/punishment", "*taṣṣîl*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you rescue/deliver", "*tōsîp*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you add/increase" }, "variants": { "*gədāl*": "great/large/mighty", "*ḥēmāh*": "wrath/anger/fury", "*nōśēʾ*": "bearing/carrying/enduring", "*ʿōneš*": "penalty/fine/punishment", "*taṣṣîl*": "you rescue/deliver/save", "*tōsîp*": "you add/increase/do again" } }

20 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.20", "source": "שְׁמַ֣ע עֵ֭צָה וְקַבֵּ֣ל מוּסָ֑ר לְ֝מַ֗עַן תֶּחְכַּ֥ם בְּאַחֲרִיתֶֽךָ׃", "text": "*šəmaʿ* *ʿēṣāh* and *qabbēl* *mūsār* in order that *teḥkam* in *ʾaḥărîteḵā*.", "grammar": { "*šəmaʿ*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine singular - hear/listen", "*ʿēṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular - counsel/advice", "*qabbēl*": "verb, piel imperative, masculine singular - receive/accept", "*mūsār*": "noun, masculine singular - discipline/instruction", "*teḥkam*": "verb, qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you may be wise", "*ʾaḥărîteḵā*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your end/latter time" }, "variants": { "*šəmaʿ*": "hear/listen/heed", "*ʿēṣāh*": "counsel/advice/plan", "*qabbēl*": "receive/accept/take", "*mūsār*": "discipline/instruction/correction", "*teḥkam*": "you may be wise/become wise", "*ʾaḥărîteḵā*": "your end/latter time/future" } }

21 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.21", "source": "רַבּ֣וֹת מַחֲשָׁב֣וֹת בְּלֶב־אִ֑ישׁ וַעֲצַ֥ת יְ֝הוָ֗ה הִ֣יא תָקֽוּם׃", "text": "*rabbōt* *maḥăšābōt* in *leb*-*ʾîš* and *ʿăṣat* *YHWH* she *tāqūm*.", "grammar": { "*rabbōt*": "adjective, feminine plural - many/numerous", "*maḥăšābōt*": "noun, feminine plural - thoughts/plans/devices", "*leb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*ʿăṣat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - counsel of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*tāqūm*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - will stand/arise" }, "variants": { "*rabbōt*": "many/numerous/great", "*maḥăšābōt*": "thoughts/plans/devices/purposes", "*leb*": "heart/mind/inner man", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/individual", "*ʿăṣat*": "counsel of/advice of/purpose of", "*tāqūm*": "will stand/arise/endure" } }

22 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.22", "source": "תַּאֲוַ֣ת אָדָ֣ם חַסְדּ֑וֹ וְטֽוֹב־רָ֝שׁ מֵאִ֥ישׁ כָּזָֽב׃", "text": "*taʾăwat* *ʾādām* *ḥasdō* and better *rāš* than *ʾîš* *kāzāb*.", "grammar": { "*taʾăwat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - desire of", "*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/mankind", "*ḥasdō*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his loyalty/kindness", "*rāš*": "adjective, masculine singular - poor", "*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person", "*kāzāb*": "adjective, masculine singular - lying/deceitful" }, "variants": { "*taʾăwat*": "desire of/longing of/craving of", "*ʾādām*": "man/mankind/person", "*ḥasdō*": "his loyalty/kindness/steadfast love", "*rāš*": "poor person/poverty", "*ʾîš*": "man/person/individual", "*kāzāb*": "lying/deceitful/false" } }

23 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.23", "source": "יִרְאַ֣ת יְהוָ֣ה לְחַיִּ֑ים וְשָׂבֵ֥עַ יָ֝לִ֗ין בַּל־יִפָּ֥קֶד רָֽע׃", "text": "*yirʾat* *YHWH* to *ḥayyîm* and *śābēaʿ* *yālîn* not *yippāqed* *rāʿ*.", "grammar": { "*yirʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - fear of", "*YHWH*": "proper noun - LORD/Yahweh", "*ḥayyîm*": "noun, masculine plural - life", "*śābēaʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - satisfied/full", "*yālîn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will lodge/spend the night", "*yippāqed*": "verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will be visited", "*rāʿ*": "adjective, masculine singular - evil/bad" }, "variants": { "*yirʾat*": "fear of/reverence of/awe of", "*ḥayyîm*": "life/lifetime/living", "*śābēaʿ*": "satisfied/full/abounding", "*yālîn*": "will lodge/spend the night/abide", "*yippāqed*": "will be visited/be punished/be attended to", "*rāʿ*": "evil/bad/distress" } }

24 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.24", "source": "טָ֘מַ֤ן עָצֵ֣ל יָ֭דוֹ בַּצַּלָּ֑חַת גַּם־אֶל־פִּ֝֗יהוּ לֹ֣א יְשִׁיבֶֽנָּה׃", "text": "*ṭāman* *ʿāṣēl* *yādō* in *ṣallāḥat* even to *pîhū* not *yəšîbennāh*.", "grammar": { "*ṭāman*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - hides/buries", "*ʿāṣēl*": "adjective, masculine singular - lazy/sluggard", "*yādō*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand", "*ṣallāḥat*": "noun, feminine singular - dish/bowl", "*pîhū*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his mouth", "*yəšîbennāh*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - will return it" }, "variants": { "*ṭāman*": "hides/buries/conceals", "*ʿāṣēl*": "lazy one/sluggard/slothful person", "*yādō*": "his hand/power", "*ṣallāḥat*": "dish/bowl/platter", "*pîhū*": "his mouth/opening", "*yəšîbennāh*": "will return it/bring it back" } }

25 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.25", "source": "לֵ֣ץ תַּ֭כֶּה וּפֶ֣תִי יַעְרִ֑ם וְהוֹכִ֥יחַ לְ֝נָב֗וֹן יָבִ֥ין דָּֽעַת׃", "text": "*lēṣ* *takkeh* and *petî* *yaʿrîm* and *hōḵîaḥ* to *nābōn* *yābîn* *dāʿat*.", "grammar": { "*lēṣ*": "noun, masculine singular - scoffer/mocker", "*takkeh*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you strike/hit", "*petî*": "adjective, masculine singular - simple/naive", "*yaʿrîm*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will become shrewd", "*hōḵîaḥ*": "verb, hiphil infinitive absolute - to rebuke/reprove", "*nābōn*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine singular - discerning/understanding", "*yābîn*": "verb, qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - will understand/perceive", "*dāʿat*": "noun, feminine singular - knowledge" }, "variants": { "*lēṣ*": "scoffer/mocker/scorner", "*takkeh*": "you strike/hit/smite", "*petî*": "simple/naive/foolish", "*yaʿrîm*": "will become shrewd/prudent/crafty", "*hōḵîaḥ*": "to rebuke/reprove/correct", "*nābōn*": "discerning/understanding/intelligent", "*yābîn*": "will understand/perceive/discern", "*dāʿat*": "knowledge/understanding/discernment" } }

26 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.26", "source": "מְֽשַׁדֶּד־אָ֭ב יַבְרִ֣יחַ אֵ֑ם בֵּ֝֗ן מֵבִ֥ישׁ וּמַחְפִּֽיר׃", "text": "*məšaddēd*-*ʾāb* *yabrîaḥ* *ʾēm* *bēn* *mēbîš* and *maḥpîr*.", "grammar": { "*məšaddēd*": "verb, piel participle, masculine singular - violently treating/assaulting", "*ʾāb*": "noun, masculine singular - father", "*yabrîaḥ*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - causes to flee/drives away", "*ʾēm*": "noun, feminine singular - mother", "*bēn*": "noun, masculine singular - son", "*mēbîš*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - causing shame", "*maḥpîr*": "verb, hiphil participle, masculine singular - causing disgrace" }, "variants": { "*məšaddēd*": "violently treating/assaulting/destroying", "*ʾāb*": "father/ancestor", "*yabrîaḥ*": "causes to flee/drives away/chases away", "*ʾēm*": "mother/maternal", "*bēn*": "son/male child", "*mēbîš*": "causing shame/bringing shame", "*maḥpîr*": "causing disgrace/bringing reproach" } }

27 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.27", "source": "חַֽדַל־בְּ֭נִי לִשְׁמֹ֣עַ מוּסָ֑ר לִ֝שְׁג֗וֹת מֵֽאִמְרֵי־דָֽעַת׃", "text": "*ḥădal*-*bənî* *lišmōaʿ* *mūsār* *lišḡōt* from *ʾimrê*-*dāʿat*.", "grammar": { "*ḥădal*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine singular - cease/stop", "*bənî*": "noun, masculine singular construct with 1st singular suffix - my son", "*lišmōaʿ*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to hear/listen", "*mūsār*": "noun, masculine singular - discipline/instruction", "*lišḡōt*": "verb, qal infinitive construct - to err/stray", "*ʾimrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words of/sayings of", "*dāʿat*": "noun, feminine singular - knowledge" }, "variants": { "*ḥădal*": "cease/stop/refrain", "*bənî*": "my son/male child", "*lišmōaʿ*": "to hear/listen/hearken", "*mūsār*": "discipline/instruction/correction", "*lišḡōt*": "to err/stray/wander", "*ʾimrê*": "words of/sayings of/speech of", "*dāʿat*": "knowledge/understanding/discernment" } }

28 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.28", "source": "עֵ֣ד בְּ֭לִיַּעַל יָלִ֣יץ מִשְׁפָּ֑ט וּפִ֥י רְ֝שָׁעִ֗ים יְבַלַּע־אָֽוֶן׃", "text": "*ʿēd* *bəliyyaʿal* *yālîṣ* *mišpāṭ* and *pî* *rəšāʿîm* *yəballaʿ*-*ʾāwen*.", "grammar": { "*ʿēd*": "noun, masculine singular - witness", "*bəliyyaʿal*": "noun, masculine singular - worthlessness/wickedness", "*yālîṣ*": "verb, hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - mocks/scorns", "*mišpāṭ*": "noun, masculine singular - justice/judgment", "*pî*": "noun, masculine singular construct - mouth of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - wicked", "*yəballaʿ*": "verb, piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - swallows/devours", "*ʾāwen*": "noun, masculine singular - iniquity/wickedness" }, "variants": { "*ʿēd*": "witness/testimony", "*bəliyyaʿal*": "worthlessness/wickedness/destruction", "*yālîṣ*": "mocks/scorns/derides", "*mišpāṭ*": "justice/judgment/ordinance", "*pî*": "mouth of/opening of", "*rəšāʿîm*": "wicked ones/evildoers", "*yəballaʿ*": "swallows/devours/engulfs", "*ʾāwen*": "iniquity/wickedness/trouble" } }

29 { "verseID": "Proverbs.19.29", "source": "נָכ֣וֹנוּ לַלֵּצִ֣ים שְׁפָטִ֑ים וּ֝מַהֲלֻמ֗וֹת לְגֵ֣ו כְסִילִֽים׃", "text": "*nāḵōnū* for *lēṣîm* *šəpāṭîm* and *mahălumōt* for *gēw* *kəsîlîm*.", "grammar": { "*nāḵōnū*": "verb, niphal perfect, 3rd plural - are prepared/established", "*lēṣîm*": "noun, masculine plural - scoffers/mockers", "*šəpāṭîm*": "noun, masculine plural - judgments/punishments", "*mahălumōt*": "noun, feminine plural - blows/strokes", "*gēw*": "noun, masculine singular construct - back of", "*kəsîlîm*": "noun, masculine plural - fools/stupid ones" }, "variants": { "*nāḵōnū*": "are prepared/established/ready", "*lēṣîm*": "scoffers/mockers/scorners", "*šəpāṭîm*": "judgments/punishments/penalties", "*mahălumōt*": "blows/strokes/strikes", "*gēw*": "back of/body of", "*kəsîlîm*": "fools/stupid ones/dull persons" } }

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