Zephaniah 3:6

Bishops' Bible (1568)

I haue destroyed the nations, their towres are desolate, I haue made their streetes wast, that none shall passe by: their cities are destroyed, without man, and without inhabitaunt.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

הִכְרַ֣תִּי גוֹיִ֗ם נָשַׁ֙מּוּ֙ פִּנּוֹתָ֔ם הֶחֱרַ֥בְתִּי חֽוּצוֹתָ֖ם מִבְּלִ֣י עוֹבֵ֑ר נִצְדּ֧וּ עָרֵיהֶ֛ם מִבְּלִי־אִ֖ישׁ מֵאֵ֥ין יוֹשֵֽׁב

Transliteration

hikrattî gôyim nāšammû pinnôtām heḥĕrabtî ḥûṣôtām from belî ʿôbēr; niṣdû ʿārêhem from belî-ʾîš from ʾên yôšēb

Grammar Details

• *hikrattî*: hiphil perfect 1st singular - I cut off/destroyed
• *gôyim*: masculine plural noun - nations
• *nāšammû*: niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they were desolated
• *pinnôtām*: feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their corner towers/strongholds
• *heḥĕrabtî*: hiphil perfect 1st singular - I laid waste
• *ḥûṣôtām*: feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their streets
• *belî*: negative particle with preposition - without
• *ʿôbēr*: qal participle masculine singular - one passing by
• *niṣdû*: niphal perfect 3rd common plural - they were laid waste/desolated
• *ʿārêhem*: feminine plural noun with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their cities
• *ʾîš*: masculine singular noun - man
• *ʾên*: negative particle - there is not
• *yôšēb*: qal participle masculine singular - inhabitant/one dwelling

Word Meanings

• *hikrattî*: I cut off/destroyed/eliminated
• *gôyim*: nations/peoples/gentiles
• *nāšammû*: were desolated/laid waste/destroyed
• *pinnôtām*: their corner towers/strongholds/battlements
• *heḥĕrabtî*: I laid waste/destroyed/made desolate
• *ḥûṣôtām*: their streets/open places
• *belî*: without/lacking
• *ʿôbēr*: one passing by/traveler
• *niṣdû*: were laid waste/desolated/destroyed
• *ʾîš*: man/person
• *yôšēb*: inhabitant/resident/dweller

Referenced Verses

• Lev 26:31 : 31 And I wyll make your cities desolate, and bring your sanctuarie vnto naught, and wyll not smell the sauour of your sweete odours.
• Isa 10:1-9 : 1 Wo be vnto them that make vnrighteous lawes, and that causeth their actuaries to wryte greeuousnesse, 2 Where thorowe the poore are put from their right, and my seelie people robbed of iudgement, that wydowes may be their pray, and that they may rob the fatherlesse. 3 What wyll ye do in the tyme of visitation, and when destruction shall come from farre? to whom wyll ye runne for helpe? and where wyll you leaue your glory? 4 That when I withdrawe my hand, ye come not among the prysoners, nor lye among the dead? After all this doth not the wrath of the Lorde ceasse, but yet is his hande stretched out styll. 5 O Assur whiche art the staffe of my wrath, in whose hand is the rod of mine indignation. 6 I wyll sende hym among those hypocritishe people: among the people that haue deserued my disfauour wyll I sende hym, that he vtterly rob them, spoyle them, and treade them downe lyke the myre in the streete. 7 Howbeit, his meaning is not so, neither thinketh his heart on this fashion: But he imagineth howe he may roote out and destroy muche people. 8 For he saith, Are not my princes all kynges? 9 Is not Chalno as easie to winne, as Charchamis? Is it harder to conquer Hamath, then Arphad? or is it lighter to ouercome Damascus, then Samaria? 10 As who say I were able to winne the kyngdomes of the idolaters and their gods, but not Hierusalem and Samaria. 11 Shall I not do vnto Hierusalem and her images, as I dyd vnto Samaria and her idols? 12 Wherefore it shall come to passe, that assoone as the Lorde hath perfourmed his whole worke vpon the hill of Sion and Hierusalem, then wyll I visite the fruite of the stoute heart of the kyng of Assyria with his proude lookes. 13 For he standeth thus in his owne conceipt, This do I thorowe the power of myne owne hande, & thorowe my wysdome: for I am wyse, I am he that remoue the landes of the people, I rob their treasure, and haue pulled downe the inhabitauntes like a valiaunt man. 14 My hand hath found out the strength of the people as it were a nest: and like as egges that were layde here and there, are gathered together, so do I gather all countreys, and there was none so bolde as to moue the winge, that dare open his mouth, or once whisper. 15 Shall the axe boast it selfe against him that heweth therwith? or shal the sawe make any bragging against hym that ruleth it? That were euen lyke as if the rod did exalt it selfe against him that beareth it, or as though the staffe should magnifie it selfe as who say it were no wood. 16 Therefore shall the Lorde the God of hoastes sende among his fatlinges leanenesse, and burne vp his glory as it were with a fire. 17 And the light of Israel shalbe that fire, and his holy one shalbe the flambe: and it shall kindle and burne vp his thornes and bryers in one day. 18 Yea all the glory of his wooddes and fieldes shalbe consumed with body and soule, and they shalbe as an hoast of men, whose standard bearer fayleth. 19 The trees also of his wood whiche remayne shalbe of such a number that a chylde may tell them. 20 After that day shall the remnaunt of Israel, and suche as are escaped out of the house of Iacob, seeke no more comfort at him that smote them: but vnfaynedly shall they trust vnto the Lorde, the holy one of Israel. 21 The remnaunt, euen the posteritie of Iacob, shall conuert vnto God the mightie one. 22 For though thy people O Israel be as the sande of the sea, yet shal the remnaunt of them conuert vnto him: The decreed consumption ouerfloweth with righteousnesse. 23 And therefore the Lorde of hoastes shall perfectly fulfill the thing that he hath determined in the middest of the whole worlde. 24 Therefore thus saith the Lorde God of hoastes: Thou my people that dwellest in Sion, be not afraide for the king of the Assirians: he shall smyte thee with a rod, and shall lyft vp his staffe against thee, as the Egyptians dyd sometime. 25 But very soone after shall my wrath and indignation be fulfilled in the destruction of them: 26 Moreouer, the Lorde of hoastes shall stirre vp a scourge for him, like as was the slaughter of Madian vpo the rocke Oreb, and as the destruction of the Egyptians when he lyfted vp his rod vpon the sea. 27 Then shal his burthen be taken from thy shoulders, and his yoke from thy necke, yea the same yoke shalbe destroyed because of the vnction. 28 He shal come to Aiath, and go thorow towarde Migron, at Michmas shall he lay vp his harnesse. 29 They shall go ouer the foorde, Geba shalbe their resting place, Rhama shalbe afraide, Gibea Saul shall flee away. 30 Lift vp thy voyce O daughter Gallim, geue eare to Laisa thou poore Anathoth. 31 Madmena shall tremble for feare, but the citizens of Gabim are manly. 32 Yet shall he remaine at Nob that day: after that shall he lyft vp his hande against the mount of the daughter Sion the hyll of Hierusalem. 33 But see, the Lord God of hoastes shall breake downe the bough with feare, he shall hewe downe the proude, and fell the high minded. 34 The thickets also of the wood shall he roote out with iron, and Libanus shall haue a fall thorowe the mightie.
• Isa 15:1-9 : 1 This is the burthen vpon Moab: Ar of Moab was destroyed & ouerthrowen in the nyght season, Kir also in Moab was destroyed and perished in the nyght. 2 Moab went vp to the idols house, euen to Dibon to the hygh places to weepe: for Neba and Moab shall mourne for Medba, All their heades were balde, and all their beardes shauen. 3 In her streetes are they girded about with sackcloth: In all the toppes of her houses and streetes shalbe nothyng but mournyng and weepyng. 4 Hesbon and Eleale shall crye, that their voyce shalbe hearde vnto Iahaz: and therfore the armed souldiours also of Moab shall bleate out and crye for very sorowe of their myndes. 5 Wo shall my heart be for Moabs sake, they shall flee vnto the citie of Zoar, which is lyke a faire young bullocke of three yere olde, for they shall all go vp to Luith weepyng: euen so by the way towarde Horonaim they shall make lamentation for their vtter destruction. 6 For the waters of Nimrim shalbe dryed vp, by reason wherof the grasse is withered, the hearbes destroyed, and the greene thynges gone. 7 Therfore the goodes that remayneth in Moab, and the riches therof, they shall cary to the brooke of wyllowes. 8 For the crye went ouer the whole lande of Moab, vnto Eglaim and vnto Beer Elim was there nothyng but mournyng. 9 Because the waters of Dimon were fall of blood, I wyll adde more vpon Dimon: and lions vpon the remnaunt of the lande, and on them that are escaped from Moab.
• Isa 19:1-9 : 1 The burthen of Egypt. Beholde, the Lorde rideth vpon a swift cloude, and shall come into Egypt, and the idols of Egypt shall tremble at the presence of hym, and the heart of Egypt shall quake in the middest of her. 2 And I wyll set the Egyptians one agaynst another, so that one brother shall fyght agaynst another, and one neighbour against another, citie against citie, and realme against realme. 3 The mynde also of Egypt shalbe cleane without counsayle within it selfe, and the deuice that they take wil I destroy: and they shall seke counsayle at idols and at sorcerers, at workers with spirites, and at soothsayers. 4 And the Egyptians wyll I geue ouer into the hande of a maruaylous cruell lorde, and a mightie kyng shall haue dominion ouer them, saith the Lorde God of hoastes. 5 The waters of the sea shall fayle, and the riuer shall decrease and be dryed vp. 6 The waters shalbe drawen out, the riuers of Egypt shalbe emptied & dryed vp, the reedes and flagges shalbe cut downe. 7 The grasse in the riuer and by the riuers bancke, and all that groweth by the riuer, shall wither away, and be brought to naught. 8 The fisshers also shall mourne, and all they that cast angle into the water shall make lamentation: and they that lay foorth their net beside the waters shalbe rooted out. 9 Moreouer, they that worke in flaxe and make fine workes, shalbe confounded, and so shall they that weaue open workes. 10 For their open workes shal euen be destroyed, and all they that make pondes and slues for fishe shall come to naught. 11 But you foolishe princes of Zoan, ye wise counsaylers of Pharao, whose wit is turned to foolishnesse, howe say ye vnto Pharao, I am come of wise men and of auncient kinges? 12 Where are thy wise men? Let them tell thee yf they can, what the Lorde of hoastes hath deuised vpon Egypt. 13 The princes of Zoan are become fooles, the princes of Noph are deceaued, they haue deceaued Egypt, euen they that were taken for the chiefe stay therof. 14 In the middest of it hath the Lorde powred the spirite of wickednesse: and they haue deceaued Egypt in euery worke therof, euen as a drunken man staggereth in his vomite. 15 Neither shall the head or tayle, the braunche or reede, be able to do any worke in Egypt. 16 In that day shall Egypt be lyke vnto women: It shalbe afrayde and stande in feare at the motion of the hande of the Lorde of hoastes which he shaketh ouer it. 17 And Egypt shalbe afraide of the lande of Iuda: so that euery one that maketh mention of it shalbe afraide therat, because of the counsayle of the Lorde of hoastes which he deuised for it. 18 In that day shall fiue cities in the lande of Egypt speake the language of Chanaan, and sweare by the Lorde of hoastes: the citie of desolation shalbe called one of them. 19 In that day shall the aulter of the Lorde be in the middest of the lande of Egypt, and this title beside it vnto the Lorde. 20 And it shalbe a token and a witnesse vnto the Lorde of hostes in the lande of Egypt: For they shal crie vnto the Lord because of such as trouble them, and he shall sende them a sauiour and a great man to delyuer them. 21 And the Lorde shalbe knowen in Egypt, and the Egyptians shall knowe the Lorde in that day, and do sacrifice and oblation: yea they shall vowe a vowe vnto the Lord, and perfourme it. 22 The Lorde also shall smite Egypt sore, and heale them agayne: and they shalbe conuerted vnto the Lorde, and he shalbe intreated of them, and shall heale them. 23 In that day shall there be a common way out of Egypt into Assyria, and Assyria shall come into Egypt, & Egypt into Assyria: so that the Egyptians and the Assyrians shall serue the Lorde together. 24 In that day shal the nation of Israel be the thirde with Egypt and Assyria: and they shalbe blessed in the middest of the lande, 25 Which lande the Lorde of hoastes hath blessed, saying: blessed is my people of Egypt, Assur also is the worke of my handes, and Israel is mine inheritaunce.
• Isa 37:11-13 : 11 For lo, thou knowest well howe the kynges of Assyria haue handled all the landes that they haue subuerted: and hopest thou to escape? 12 Were the people of the gentiles whom my progenitours conquered, deliuered at any tyme through their gods? As namely Gosan, Haran, Rezeph, and the children of Eden, which were at Thalassar? 13 Where is the king of Hemath, and the king of Arphad, and the king of the citie Sepharuaim, Ena, and Aua?
• Isa 37:24-26 : 24 Thou with thy seruauntes hast blasphemed the Lorde, and thus holdest thou of thy selfe: I wyll couer the hye mountaynes and sydes of Libanus with my horsemen, and there wyll I cut downe the hye Cedar trees, and the fayrest Firre trees: I wyll vp in the heyght of it, and into the chiefest of his tymber woods. 25 If there be no water, I wyll graue and drynke: and as for waters of defence, I wyll drye them vp with the feete of myne hoast. 26 Yea, hast thou not hearde what I haue taken in hande and brought to passe of olde tyme? That same wyll I do nowe also, and waste, destroy, and bryng strong cities vnto heapes of stones.
• Isa 37:36 : 36 Thus the angell of the Lorde went foorth, and slue of the Assyrians hoaste an hundred fourescore and fiue thousande: and when men arose vp early in the mornyng, beholde they were slayne, and all lay full of dead bodyes.
• Jer 25:9-9 : 9 Lo, I wyll sende out and call for all the people that dwell in the north saith the Lorde, and wyll prepare Nabuchodonozar the kyng of Babylon my seruaunt, and wyll bryng them vpon this lande, and vpon all that dwell therin, and vpon all the people that are about them, and wyll vtterly roote them out: I wyll make them amased, a mockage, and a continuall desert. 10 Moreouer, I wyll take from them the voyce of gladnesse and solace, the voyce of the bridegrome and the bride, the noyse of the milstones, and the light of the cressets. 11 And this whole lande shall become a wildernesse and astonished: and these nations shal serue the king of Babylon threscore yeres and ten.
• Jer 25:18-26 : 18 But first the citie of Hierusalem, and all the cities of Iuda, their kinges and princes, to make them desolate, amased, despised, and hissed at, and cursed, according as it is come to passe this day: 19 Yea and Pharao the kyng of Egypt, his seruauntes, his princes, and his people altogether one with another: 20 And all kinges of the lande of Hus, all kinges of the Philistines lande, Ascalon, Azah, Accaron, and the remnaunt of Asdod, 21 The Edomites, the Moabites, and the Ammonites, 22 All the kinges of Tyrus and Sidon, the kinges of the Isles that are beyonde the sea, 23 Dedan, Thema, Buz, and all them that dwell in the vttermost partes of the worlde, 24 All the kinges of Arabia, and generally all the kinges that dwell in the desert, 25 All the kinges of Zimri, al the kinges of Elam, all the kinges of the Medes, 26 All the kinges towarde the north, whether they be farre or nye, euery one against his neighbour, yea and all the kyngdomes that are vpon the whole earth: and the kyng of Sesach shall drinke also after them.
• Nah 2:1-3 : 1 The destroyer is come vp before thy face, kepe thy forte, see to the way, strenghten thy loynes, increase thy strength mightyly: 2 For the Lord restores againe the glorious estate of Iacob, as also the glorious estate of Israel: for spoylers hath spoyled them, and hath wasted their braunches. 3 The shielde of his valiaunt souldiours is died red, his captaynes of warre are clad with scarlet: the charret is compassed with flammig torches in the day of his expedition, and the firre staues are drenched in poyson.
• Zeph 2:5 : 5 Wo vnto you that dwell vpon the sea coast, the nation of the Cherethims: the worde of the Lord shal come vpon you O Chanaan thou lande of the Philistines, I will destroy thee, so that there shall no man dwell in thee any more.
• Zech 7:14 : 14 But scattred them among al the nations whom they knew not: Thus the land was made so desolate after them, that there trauayled no man in it neither to nor fro: for that plesaunt lande was vtterly layd waste.
• 1 Cor 10:6 : 6 These veryly are ensamples to vs, to thintent that we shoulde not lust after euyll thynges, as they also lusted.
• 1 Cor 10:11 : 11 All these thinges happened vnto them for ensamples: but they are written to put vs in remembraunce, whom the endes of the worlde are come vpon.