2 Chronicles 20:3

Geneva Bible (1560)

And Iehoshaphat feared, and set him selfe to seeke the Lord, & proclaimed a fast throughout all Iudah.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּרָ֕א וַיִּתֵּ֧ן יְהוֹשָׁפָ֛ט אֶת־פָּנָ֖יו לִדְר֣וֹשׁ לַיהוָ֑ה וַיִּקְרָא־צ֖וֹם עַל־כָּל־יְהוּדָֽה׃

Transliteration

And wayyîrāʾ and wayyittēn yəhôšāpāṭ ʾet-face-his pānāyw to seek lidrôš to YHWH layhwh, and wayyiqrāʾ-fast ṣôm upon ʿal-all kol-yəhûdâ.

Grammar Details

• *wayyîrāʾ*: waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he feared
• *wayyittēn*: waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he set/placed/directed
• *yəhôšāpāṭ*: proper name - Jehoshaphat
• *ʾet*: direct object marker
• *pānāyw*: masculine plural noun + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his face
• *lidrôš*: preposition *lə* + qal infinitive construct - to seek/inquire
• *layhwh*: preposition *lə* + divine name - to YHWH
• *wayyiqrāʾ*: waw-consecutive + qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - and he called/proclaimed
• *ṣôm*: masculine singular noun - fast
• *ʿal*: preposition - upon/over/throughout
• *kol*: construct masculine singular - all of
• *yəhûdâ*: proper name - Judah

Word Meanings

• *wayyîrāʾ*: and he feared/was afraid
• *lidrôš*: to seek/inquire/search for/consult
• *wayyittēn pānāyw*: idiom: set his face/determined/resolved
• *wayyiqrāʾ*: and he proclaimed/announced/called out

Referenced Verses

• 2 Chr 19:3 : 3 Neuertheles good things are found in thee, because thou hast taken away ye groues out of the land, and hast prepared thine heart to seeke God.
• 1 Sam 7:6 : 6 And they gathered together to Mizpeh, and drewe water and powred it out before the Lord, and fasted the same day, and sayd there, We haue sinned against the Lord; Samuel iudged the children of Israel in Mizpeh.
• Jer 36:9 : 9 And in the fift yeere of Iehoiakim the sonne of Iosiah King of Iudah, in the ninth moneth, they proclaimed a fast before the Lord to all the people in Ierusalem, and to all the people that came from the cities of Iudah vnto Ierusalem.
• Joel 1:14 : 14 Sanctifie you a fast: call a solemne assemblie: gather the Elders, and all the inhabitants of the land into the House of the Lorde your God, and cry vnto the Lord,
• Joel 2:12-18 : 12 Therefore also now the Lord sayth, Turne you vnto me with all your heart, & with fasting, and with weeping, and with mourning, 13 And rent your heart, & not your clothes: and turne vnto the Lord your God, for he is gratious, and mercifull, slowe to anger, and of great kindnes, and repenteth him of the euill. 14 Who knoweth, is he wil returne & repent & leaue a blessing behinde him, euen a meate offring, & a drinke offring vnto ye Lord your God? 15 Blowe the trumpet in Zion, sanctifie a fast, call a solemne assembly. 16 Gather the people: sanctifie the congregation, gather the elders: assemble the children, & those that sucke the breastes: let the bridegrome go forth of his chamber, and the bride out of her bride chamber. 17 Let the Priestes, the ministers of the Lord weepe betweene the porch and the altar, and let them say, Spare thy people, O Lord, and giue not thine heritage into reproche that the heathen should rule ouer them. Wherefore should they say among the people, Where is their God? 18 Then will the Lorde be ielous ouer his land, and spare his people.
• Jonah 1:16 : 16 Then the men feared the Lorde exceedingly, and offered a sacrifice vnto the Lorde, and made vowes.
• Jonah 3:5-9 : 5 So the people of Nineueh beleeued God, and proclaimed a fast, and put on sackcloth from ye greatest of the euen to the least of them. 6 For worde came vnto the King of Nineueh, and he rose from his throne, and he layed his robe from him, and couered him with sackecloth, and sate in ashes. 7 And he proclaimed & said through Nineueh, (by the counsell of ye king & his nobles) saying, Let neither ma, nor beast, bullock nor sheep taste any thing, neither feed nor drinke water. 8 But let man and beast put on sackecloth, and crie mightily vnto God: yea, let euery man turne from his euill way, and from the wickednesse that is in their handes. 9 Who can tell if God will turne, and repent and turne away from his fierce wrath, that we perish not?
• Matt 10:28 : 28 And feare yee not them which kill the bodie, but are nor able to kill the soule: but rather feare him, which is able to destroy both soule and bodie in hell.
• Dan 9:3 : 3 And I turned my face vnto the Lord God, and sought by prayer and supplications with fasting and sackcloth and ashes.
• 2 Chr 11:16 : 16 And after the Leuites there came to Ierusalem of all the tribes of Israel, such as set their heartes to seeke the Lord God of Israel, to offer vnto the Lord God of their fathers.
• Gen 32:7-9 : 7 Then Iaakob was greatly afraid, and was sore troubled, and deuided the people that was with him, and the sheepe, and the beeues, and the camels into two companies. 8 For he said, If Esau come to ye one copanie and smite it, the other companie shall escape. 9 Moreouer Iaakob said, O God of my father Abraham, & God of my father Izhak: Lord, which saydest vnto me, Returne vnto thy coutrey and to thy kinred, and I will do thee good, 10 I am not worthy of the least of all the mercies, and al the trueth, which thou hast shewed vnto thy seruant: for with my staffe came I ouer this Iorden, & now haue I gotte two bads. 11 I pray thee, Deliuer me from the hande of my brother, from the hande of Esau: for I feare him, least he will come and smite me, and the mother vpon the children.
• Gen 32:24-28 : 24 Now when Iaakob was left him selfe alone, there wrestled a man with him vnto the breaking of the day. 25 And he sawe that he could not preuaile against him: therefore he touched the holowe of his thigh, and the holowe of Iaakobs thigh was loosed, as he wrestled with him. 26 And he saide, Let me goe, for the morning appeareth. Who answered, I will not let thee go except thou blesse me. 27 Then said he vnto him, What is thy name? And he said, Iaakob. 28 Then said he, Thy name shalbe called Iaakob no more, but Israel: because thou hast had power with God, thou shalt also preuaile with men.
• Judg 20:26 : 26 Then al the children of Israel went vp and all the people came also vnto the house of God, and wept and sate there before the Lord & fasted that day vnto the euening, and offred burnt offrings and peace offrings before the Lord.
• Ezra 8:21-23 : 21 And there at the Riuer, by Ahaua, I proclaimed a fast, that we might humble our selues before our God, and seeke of him a right way for vs, & for our children, and for all our substance. 22 For I was ashamed to require of the King an armie and horsemen, to helpe vs against the enemie in the way, because we had spoken to the King, saying, The hande of our God is vpon all them that seeke him in goodnesse, but his power & his wrath is against all them that forsake him. 23 So we fasted, aud besought our God for this: and he was intreated of vs.
• Esth 4:16 : 16 Goe, and assemble all the Iewes that are found in Shushan, & fast ye for me, and eate not, nor drinke in three dayes, day nor night. I also and my maydes will fast likewise, and so will I go in to the King, which is not according to the lawe: and if I perish, I perish.
• Ps 56:3-4 : 3 When I was afrayd, I trusted in thee. 4 I will reioyce in God, because of his word, I trust in God, and will not feare what flesh can doe vnto me.
• Isa 37:3-6 : 3 And they sayd vnto him, Thus saith Hezekiah, This day is a day of tribulation and of rebuke and blasphemie: for the children are come to the birth, and there is no strength to bring foorth. 4 If so be the Lorde thy God hath heard the wordes of Rabshakeh, whom the King of Asshur his master hath sent to raile on the liuing God, and to reproch him with wordes which the Lord thy God hath heard, then lift thou vp thy prayer for the remnant that are left. 5 So the seruants of the King Hezekiah came to Isaiah. 6 And Isaiah sayde vnto them, Thus say vnto your master, Thus saith the Lorde, Be not afrayd of the wordes that thou hast heard, wherewith the seruants of the king of Asshur haue blasphemed me.