Ezekiel 18:7

Geneva Bible (1560)

Neither hath oppressed any, but hath restored the pledge to his dettour: he that hath spoyled none by violence, but hath giuen his bread to the hungry, and hath couered the naked with a garment,

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְאִישׁ֙ לֹ֣א יוֹנֶ֔ה חֲבֹלָת֥וֹ חוֹב֙ יָשִׁ֔יב גְּזֵלָ֖ה לֹ֣א יִגְזֹ֑ל לַחְמוֹ֙ לְרָעֵ֣ב יִתֵּ֔ן וְעֵירֹ֖ם יְכַסֶּה־בָּֽגֶד׃

Transliteration

wə- ʾîš lōʾ yôneh ḥăbōlātô ḥôb yāšîb gəzēlāh lōʾ yigzōl laḥmô lə- rāʿēb yittēn wə- ʿêrōm yəkasseh-bāged

Grammar Details

• *wə-*: conjunction - and
• *ʾîš*: masculine singular noun - man
• *lōʾ*: negative particle - not
• *yôneh*: Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he oppresses
• *ḥăbōlātô*: feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his pledge
• *ḥôb*: masculine singular noun - debt
• *yāšîb*: Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will return
• *gəzēlāh*: feminine singular noun - robbery, plunder
• *yigzōl*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will rob
• *laḥmô*: masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his bread
• *lə-*: preposition - to
• *rāʿēb*: adjective masculine singular - hungry
• *yittēn*: Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will give
• *ʿêrōm*: adjective masculine singular - naked
• *yəkasseh*: Piel imperfect 3rd masculine singular - he will cover
• *bāged*: masculine singular noun - garment, clothing

Word Meanings

• *yôneh*: oppresses/wrongs/mistreats
• *ḥăbōlāt*: pledge/security/thing taken in pledge
• *yāšîb*: returns/restores/gives back
• *gəzēlāh*: robbery/plunder/thing taken by force

Referenced Verses

• Ezek 18:16 : 16 Neither hath oppressed any, nor hath withholden the pledge, neither hath spoyled by violence, but hath giuen his bread to the hungry, and hath couered the naked with a garment,
• Exod 22:26 : 26 If thou take thy neighbours rayment to pledge, thou shalt restore it vnto him before the sunne go downe:
• Ezek 18:12 : 12 Or hath oppressed the poore and needy, or hath spoyled by violence, or hath not restored the pledge, or hath lift vp his eyes vnto the idoles, or hath committed abomination,
• Ezek 33:15 : 15 To wit, if the wicked restore the pledge, and giue againe that he had robbed, and walke in the statutes of life, without committing iniquitie, he shall surely liue, and not die.
• Deut 24:12-13 : 12 Furthermore if it be a poore body, thou shalt not sleepe with his pledge, 13 But shalt restore him the pledge when the sunne goeth downe, that he may sleepe in his raiment, and blesse thee: and it shalbe righteousnesse vnto thee before the Lord thy God.
• Ezek 18:18 : 18 His father, because he cruelly oppressed and spoyled his brother by violence, and hath not done good among his people, loe, euen he dyeth in his iniquitie.
• Amos 2:8 : 8 And they lye downe vpon clothes layde to pledge by euery altar: and they drinke the wine of the condemned in the house of their God.
• Amos 3:10 : 10 For they knowe not to doe right, sayth the Lorde: they store vp violence, and robbery in their palaces.
• Luke 3:11 : 11 And he answered, and said vnto them, He that hath two coates, let him part with him that hath none: and hee that hath meate, let him doe likewise.
• 2 Cor 8:7-9 : 7 Therefore, as yee abound in euery thing, in faith and woorde, and knowledge, and in all diligence, and in your loue towardes vs, euen so see that yee abound in this grace also. 8 This say I not by commaundement, but because of the diligence of others: therefore prooue I the naturalnesse of your loue. 9 For ye knowe the grace of our Lord Iesus Christ, that hee being rich, for your sakes became poore, that yee through his pouertie might be made rich.
• 2 Cor 9:6-9 : 6 This yet remember, that he which soweth sparingly, shall reape also sparingly, and hee that soweth liberally, shall reape also liberally. 7 As euery man wisheth in his heart, so let him giue, not grudgingly, or of necessitie: for God loueth a cheerefull giuer. 8 And God is able to make all grace to abound towarde you, that yee alwayes hauing all sufficiencie in all thinges, may abounde in euery good worke, 9 ( As it is written, He hath sparsed abroad and hath giuen to the poore: his beneuolence remayneth for euer. 10 Also hee that findeth seede to the sower, will minister likewise bread for foode, and multiplie your seede, and increase the fruites of your beneuolence,) 11 That on all partes yee may bee made rich vnto all liberalitie, which causeth through vs thanksgiuing vnto God. 12 For the ministration of this seruice not onely supplieth the necessities of the Saintes, but also aboundantly causeth many to giue thankes to God, 13 (Which by the experiment of this ministration praise God for your voluntarie submission to the Gospell of Christ, and for your liberall distribution to them, and to all men) 14 And in their praier for you, to log after you greatly, for the aboundant grace of God in you.
• Jas 2:13-17 : 13 For there shalbe condemnation merciles to him that sheweth not mercie, and mercie reioyceth against condemnation. 14 What auaileth it, my brethren, though a man saith he hath faith, when he hath no workes? can that faith saue him? 15 For if a brother or a sister bee naked and destitute of daily foode, 16 And one of you say vnto them, Depart in peace: warme your selues, and fil your bellies, notwithstading ye giue them not those things which are needefull to the body, what helpeth it? 17 Euen so the faith, if it haue no woorkes, is dead in it selfe.
• Jas 5:1-6 : 1 Go to nowe, ye rich men: weepe, and howle for your miseries that shall come vpon you. 2 Your riches are corrupt, and your garments are moth eaten. 3 Your gold and siluer is cankred, & the rust of them shalbe a witnesse against you, and shall eate your flesh, as it were fire. Ye haue heaped vp treasure for the last dayes. 4 Behold, the hire of ye labourers, which haue reaped your fieldes (which is of you kept backe by fraude) cryeth, and the cryes of them which haue reaped, are entred into the eares of the Lord of hostes. 5 Ye haue liued in pleasure on the earth, and in wantonnes. Ye haue nourished your heartes, as in a day of slaughter. 6 Ye haue condemned and haue killed the iust, and he hath not resisted you.
• 1 John 3:16-19 : 16 Hereby haue we perceiued loue, that he layde downe his life for vs: therefore we ought also to lay downe our liues for the brethren. 17 And whosoeuer hath this worlds good, and seeth his brother haue neede, & shutteth vp his compassion from him, howe dwelleth the loue of God in him? 18 My litle children, let vs not loue in worde, neither in tongue onely, but in deede and in trueth. 19 For thereby we know that we are of the trueth, and shal before him assure our hearts.
• Gen 6:11-12 : 11 The earth also was corrupt before God: for the earth was filled with crueltie. 12 Then God looked vpon the earth, and beholde, it was corrupt: for all flesh had corrupt his way vpon the earth.
• Exod 22:21-24 : 21 Moreouer, thou shalt not do iniurie to a stranger, neither oppresse him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt. 22 Ye shall not trouble any widowe, nor fatherlesse childe. 23 If thou vexe or trouble such, and so he call and cry vnto me, I will surely heare his cry. 24 Then shal my wrath be kindled, and I will kill you with the sword, and your wiues shall be widowes, and your children fatherlesse.
• Amos 5:11-12 : 11 Forasmuch then as your treading is vpon the poore, and yee take from him burdens of wheate, ye haue built houses of hewen stone, but ye shal not dwel in them: ye haue plated pleasant vineyards, but ye shal not drinke wine of them. 12 For I know your manifold transgressions, and your mightie sinnes: they afflict the iust, they take rewards, & they oppresse the poore in ye gate.
• Amos 6:3 : 3 Ye that put farre away the euill day, and approch to the seate of iniquitie?
• Amos 8:4-6 : 4 Heare this, O yee that swallowe vp the poore, that ye may make the needie of the lande to fayle, 5 Saying, When will the newe moneth bee gone, that we may sell corne? and the Sabbath, that we may set forth wheate, and make the Ephah small, and the shekel great, and falsifie the weights by deceit? 6 That we may buy the poore for siluer, and the needie for shooes: yea, and sell the refuse of the wheate.
• Mic 2:1 : 1 Wo vnto them, that imagine iniquitie, and worke wickednesse vpon their beddes: when the morning is light they practise it because their hande hath power.
• Mic 3:2 : 2 But they hate the good, and loue the euill: they plucke off their skinnes from them, & their flesh from their bones.
• Zeph 1:9 : 9 In the same day also will I visite all those that dance vpon the threshold so proudly, which fill their masters houses by crueltie and deceite.
• Zech 7:9-9 : 9 Thus speaketh the Lorde of hostes, saying, Execute true iudgement, and shewe mercy and compassion, euery man to his brother, 10 And oppresse not the widowe, nor the fatherles, the stranger nor the poore, & let none of you imagine euil against his brother in your heart. 11 But they refused to hearken, and pulled away the shoulder, and stopped their eares, that they should not heare.
• Mal 3:5 : 5 And I will come neere to you to iudgement, and I will be a swift witnesse against the southsayers, and against the adulterers, and against false swearers, and against those that wrongfully keepe backe the hirelings wages, and vexe the widowe, and the fatherlesse, and oppresse the stranger, and feare not me, sayth the Lord of hostes.
• Matt 25:34-46 : 34 Then shall ye king say to them on his right hand, Come ye blessed of my father: take the inheritance of the kingdome prepared for you from the foundation of the world. 35 For I was an hungred, and ye gaue me meate: I thirsted, and ye gaue me drinke: I was a stranger, and ye tooke me in vnto you. 36 I was naked, & ye clothed me: I was sicke, and ye visited me: I was in prison, and ye came vnto me. 37 Then shall the righteous answere him, saying, Lord, when sawe we thee an hungred, and fed thee? or a thirst, and gaue thee drinke? 38 And when sawe we thee a stranger, and tooke thee in vnto vs? or naked, & clothed thee? 39 Or when sawe we thee sicke, or in prison, and came vnto thee? 40 And the King shall answere, and say vnto them, Verely I say vnto you, in as much as ye haue done it vnto one of the least of these my brethre, ye haue done it to me. 41 Then shal he say vnto them on ye left hand, Depart from me ye cursed, into euerlasting fire, which is prepared for the deuill and his angels. 42 For I was an hungred, and ye gaue me no meate: I thirsted, and ye gaue me no drinke: 43 I was a stranger, & ye tooke me not in vnto you: I was naked, & ye clothed me not: sicke, and in prison, and ye visited me not. 44 Then shall they also answere him, saying, Lord, when sawe we thee an hungred, or a thirst, or a stranger, or naked, or sicke, or in prison, and did not minister vnto thee? 45 Then shall he answere them, and say, Verely I say vnto you, in as much as ye did it not to one of the least of these, ye did it not to me. 46 And these shall goe into euerlasting paine, and the righteous into life eternall.
• Ezek 22:12-13 : 12 In thee haue they taken giftes to shed blood: thou hast taken vsurie and the encrease, and thou hast defrauded thy neighbours by extortion, & hast forgotten me, saith the Lord God. 13 Beholde, therefore I haue smitten mine hands vpon thy couetousnesse, that thou hast vsed, and vpon the blood, which hath bene in the middes of thee.
• Ezek 22:27-29 : 27 Her princes in the mids thereof are like wolues, rauening the praye to shed blood, and to destroy soules for their owne couetous lucre. 28 And her prophets haue dawbed them with vntempered morter, seeing vanities, and diuining lies vnto them, saying, Thus sayth the Lord God, when the Lord had not spoken. 29 The people of the land haue violently oppressed by spoyling and robbing, and haue vexed the poore and the needy: yea, they haue oppressed the stranger against right.
• Exod 23:9 : 9 Thou shalt not oppresse a stranger: for ye knowe the heart of a stranger, seeing yee were strangers in the land of Egypt.
• Lev 19:15 : 15 Ye shall not doe vniustly in iudgement. Thou shalt not fauour the person of the poore, nor honour the person of the mightie, but thou shalt iudge thy neighbour iustly.
• Lev 25:14 : 14 And when thou sellest ought to thy neighbour, or byest at thy neighbours hande, ye shall not oppresse one another:
• Deut 15:7-9 : 7 If one of thy brethren with thee be poore within any of thy gates in thy land, which the Lord thy God giueth thee, thou shalt not harden thine heart, nor shut thine hand from thy poore brother: 8 But thou shalt open thine hand vnto him, and shalt lend him sufficient for his neede which he hath. 9 Beware that there be not a wicked thought in thine heart, to say, The seuenth yeere, the yeere of freedome is at hand: therefore it grieueth thee to looke on thy poore brother, and thou giuest him nought, and he crie vnto the Lorde against thee, so that sinne be in thee: 10 Thou shalt giue him, and let it not grieue thine heart to giue vnto him: for because of this the Lord thy God shal blesse thee in al thy works, and in all that thou puttest thine hand to. 11 Because there shall be euer some poore in the land, therefore I command thee, saying, Thou shalt open thine hand vnto thy brother, to thy needie, and to thy poore in thy land.
• Deut 24:17 : 17 Thou shalt not peruert the right of the stranger, nor of the fatherlesse, nor take a widowes rayment to pledge.
• 1 Sam 12:3-4 : 3 Beholde, here I am: beare recorde of me before the Lord & before his Anointed. Whose oxe haue I taken? or whose asse haue I taken? or whome haue I done wrong to? or whome haue I hurt? or of whose hande haue I receiued any bribe, to blinde mine eyes therewith, and I will restore it you? 4 Then they sayde, Thou hast done vs no wrong, nor hast hurt vs, neither hast thou taken ought of any mans hand.
• Job 22:6 : 6 For thou hast taken the pledge from thy brother for nought, and spoyled the clothes of the naked.
• Job 24:3 : 3 They leade away the asse of the fatherles: and take the widowes oxe to pledge.
• Job 24:9 : 9 They plucke the fatherles from the breast, and take the pledge of the poore.
• Job 31:13-22 : 13 If I did contemne the iudgement of my seruant, and of my mayde, when they did contend with me, 14 What then shal I do when God standeth vp? & when he shal visit me, what shal I answere? 15 He that hath made me in the wombe, hath he not made him? hath not he alone facioned vs in the wombe? 16 If I restrained the poore of their desire, or haue caused the eyes of the widow to faile, 17 Or haue eaten my morsels alone, and the fatherles hath not eaten thereof, 18 (For from my youth hee hath growen vp with me as with a father, and from my mothers wombe I haue bene a guide vnto her) 19 If I haue seene any perish for want of clothing, or any poore without couering, 20 If his loynes haue not blessed me, because he was warmed with the fleece of my sheepe, 21 If I haue lift vp mine hande against the fatherlesse, when I saw that I might helpe him in the gate, 22 Let mine arme fal from my shoulder, & mine arme be broken from the bone.
• Ps 41:1 : 1 To him that excelleth. A Psalme of Dauid. Blessed is he that iudgeth wisely of the poore: the Lord shal deliuer him in ye time of trouble.
• Ps 112:4 : 4 Vnto the righteous ariseth light in darkenes: he is merciful & full of copassion & righteous.
• Ps 112:9 : 9 He hath distributed and giuen to ye poore: his righteousnesse remaineth for euer: his horne shalbe exalted with glory.
• Prov 3:31 : 31 Bee not enuious for the wicked man, neither chuse any of his wayes.
• Prov 11:24-25 : 24 There is that scattereth, and is more increased: but hee that spareth more then is right, surely commeth to pouertie. 25 The liberall person shall haue plentie: and he that watereth, shall also haue raine.
• Prov 14:31 : 31 He that oppresseth the poore, reprooueth him that made him: but hee honoureth him, that hath mercie on the poore.
• Prov 22:22-23 : 22 Robbe not the poore, because hee is poore, neither oppresse the afflicted in iudgement. 23 For the Lord will defende their cause, and spoyle the soule of those that spoyle them.
• Prov 28:8 : 8 He that increaseth his riches by vsurie and interest, gathereth them for him that will be mercifull vnto the poore.
• Prov 28:27 : 27 He that giueth vnto the poore, shall not lacke: but he that hideth his eyes, shall haue many curses.
• Isa 1:17 : 17 Learne to doe well: seeke iudgement, relieue the oppressed: iudge the fatherlesse and defend the widowe.
• Isa 5:7 : 7 Surely the vineyard of the Lord of hostes is the house of Israel, and the men of Iudah are his pleasant plant, and hee looked for iudgement, but beholde oppression: for righteousnesse, but beholde a crying.
• Isa 33:15 : 15 Hee that walketh in iustice, and speaketh righteous things, refusing gaine of oppression, shaking his handes from taking of gifts, stopping his eares from hearing of blood, and shutting his eyes from seeing euill.
• Isa 58:6-9 : 6 Is not this the fasting, that I haue chosen, to loose the bandes of wickednes, to take off the heauie burdens, and to let the oppressed goe free, and that ye breake euery yoke? 7 Is it not to deale thy bread to the hungry, and that thou bring the poore that wander, vnto thine house? when thou seest the naked, that thou couer him, and hide not thy selfe from thine owne flesh? 8 Then shall thy light breake foorth as the morning, and thine health shal grow speedily: thy righteousnes shall goe before thee, and the glorie of the Lord shall embrace thee. 9 Then shalt thou call, and the Lorde shall answere: thou shalt cry and hee shall say, Here I am: if thou take away from the mids of thee the yoke, the putting foorth of the finger, and wicked speaking: 10 If thou powre out thy soule to the hungrie, and refresh the troubled soule: then shall thy light spring out in the darkenes, and thy darkenes shalbe as the noone day. 11 And the Lord shall guide thee continually, and satisfie thy soule in drought, and make fat thy bones: and thou shalt be like a watred garden, and like a spring of water, whose waters faile not.
• Isa 59:6-7 : 6 Their webbes shall be no garment, neither shall they couer themselues with their labours: for their workes are workes of iniquitie, & the worke of crueltie is in their handes. 7 Their feete runne to euill, and they make haste to shed innocent blood: their thoughts are wicked thoughts: desolation and destruction is in their paths.
• Jer 7:6-7 : 6 And oppresse not the stranger, the fatherlesse and the widow and shed no innocent blood in this place, neither walke after other gods to your destruction, 7 Then will I let you dwell in this place in the lande that I gaue vnto your fathers, for euer and euer.
• Jer 22:3 : 3 Thus saith the Lorde, Execute ye iudgement and righteousnes, and deliuer the oppressed from the hande of the oppressor, and vexe not the stranger, the fatherlesse, nor the widowe: doe no violence, nor sheade innocent blood in this place.
• Jer 22:16-17 : 16 When he iudged the cause of the afflicted and the poore, he prospered: was not this because he knewe me, saith the Lorde? 17 But thine eyes and thine heart are but only for thy couetousnesse, and for to sheade innocent blood, and for oppression, and for destruction, euen to doe this.
• Ezek 7:23 : 23 Make a chaine: for the lande is full of the iudgement of blood, and the citie is full of crueltie.
• Amos 2:6 : 6 Thus sayth the Lord, For three transgressions of Israel, and for foure, I will not turne to it, because they solde the righteous for siluer and the poore for shooes.