Mark 15:19

King James Version 1611 (Original)

And they smote him on the head with a reed, and did spit upon him, and bowing their knees worshipped him.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Καὶ ἔτυπτον αὐτοῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν καλάμῳ, καὶ ἐνέπτυον αὐτῷ, καὶ τιθέντες τὰ γόνατα προσεκύνουν αὐτῷ.

Transliteration

And they-etypton of-him the kephalēn with-kalamō, and they-eneptyion on-him, and tithentes the gonata they-prosekyoun to-him.

Grammar Details

• *etypton*: verb, imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd, plural - they were striking/beating
• *kephalēn*: noun, accusative, feminine, singular - head
• *kalamō*: noun, dative, masculine, singular - reed/staff
• *eneptyion*: verb, imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd, plural - they were spitting on
• *tithentes*: participle, present, active, nominative, masculine, plural - placing/bending
• *gonata*: noun, accusative, neuter, plural - knees
• *prosekyoun*: verb, imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd, plural - they were worshiping/kneeling before

Word Meanings

• *etypton*: were striking/were beating/were hitting
• *kephalēn*: head
• *kalamō*: reed/staff/stick
• *eneptyion*: were spitting on/were spitting at
• *tithentes*: placing/bending/setting
• *gonata*: knees
• *prosekyoun*: were worshiping/were kneeling before/were paying homage (in mockery)

Referenced Verses

• Mark 14:65 : 65 And some began to spit on him, and to cover his face, and to buffet him, and to say unto him, Prophesy: and the servants did strike him with the palms of their hands.
• Luke 18:32-33 : 32 For he shall be delivered unto the Gentiles, and shall be mocked, and spitefully entreated, and spitted on: 33 And they shall scourge him, and put him to death: and the third day he shall rise again.
• Luke 22:63 : 63 And the men that held Jesus mocked him, and smote him.
• Luke 23:11 : 11 And Herod with his men of war set him at nought, and mocked him, and arrayed him in a gorgeous robe, and sent him again to Pilate.
• Luke 23:36 : 36 And the soldiers also mocked him, coming to him, and offering him vinegar,
• Rom 11:4 : 4 But what saith the answer of God unto him? I have reserved to myself seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to the image of Baal.
• Rom 14:10-11 : 10 But why dost thou judge thy brother? or why dost thou set at nought thy brother? for we shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ. 11 For it is written, As I live, saith the Lord, every knee shall bow to me, and every tongue shall confess to God.
• Phil 2:10 : 10 That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth;
• Heb 12:2-3 : 2 Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne of God. 3 For consider him that endured such contradiction of sinners against himself, lest ye be wearied and faint in your minds.
• Heb 13:13 : 13 Let us go forth therefore unto him without the camp, bearing his reproach.
• Gen 24:52 : 52 And it came to pass, that, when Abraham's servant heard their words, he worshipped the LORD, bowing himself to the earth.
• Gen 43:28 : 28 And they answered, Thy servant our father is in good health, he is yet alive. And they bowed down their heads, and made obeisance.
• 1 Kgs 19:18 : 18 Yet I have left me seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have not bowed unto Baal, and every mouth which hath not kissed him.
• Esth 3:2-5 : 2 And all the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed, and reverenced Haman: for the king had so commanded concerning him. But Mordecai bowed not, nor did him reverence. 3 Then the king's servants, which were in the king's gate, said unto Mordecai, Why transgressest thou the king's commandment? 4 Now it came to pass, when they spake daily unto him, and he hearkened not unto them, that they told Haman, to see whether Mordecai's matters would stand: for he had told them that he was a Jew. 5 And when Haman saw that Mordecai bowed not, nor did him reverence, then was Haman full of wrath.
• Job 13:9 : 9 Is it good that he should search you out? or as one man mocketh another, do ye so mock him?
• Job 30:8-9 : 8 They were children of fools, yea, children of base men: they were viler than the earth. 9 And now am I their song, yea, I am their byword. 10 They abhor me, they flee far from me, and spare not to spit in my face. 11 Because he hath loosed my cord, and afflicted me, they have also let loose the bridle before me. 12 Upon my right hand rise the youth; they push away my feet, and they raise up against me the ways of their destruction.
• Ps 22:6-7 : 6 But I am a worm, and no man; a reproach of men, and despised of the people. 7 All they that see me laugh me to scorn: they shoot out the lip, they shake the head, saying,
• Ps 35:15-17 : 15 But in mine adversity they rejoiced, and gathered themselves together: yea, the abjects gathered themselves together against me, and I knew it not; they did tear me, and ceased not: 16 With hypocritical mockers in feasts, they gnashed upon me with their teeth. 17 Lord, how long wilt thou look on? rescue my soul from their destructions, my darling from the lions.
• Ps 69:12 : 12 They that sit in the gate speak against me; and I was the song of the drunkards.
• Ps 69:19-20 : 19 Thou hast known my reproach, and my shame, and my dishonour: mine adversaries are all before thee. 20 Reproach hath broken my heart; and I am full of heaviness: and I looked for some to take pity, but there was none; and for comforters, but I found none.
• Isa 45:23 : 23 I have sworn by myself, the word is gone out of my mouth in righteousness, and shall not return, That unto me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear.
• Isa 49:7 : 7 Thus saith the LORD, the Redeemer of Israel, and his Holy One, to him whom man despiseth, to him whom the nation abhorreth, to a servant of rulers, Kings shall see and arise, princes also shall worship, because of the LORD that is faithful, and the Holy One of Israel, and he shall choose thee.
• Isa 50:6 : 6 I gave my back to the smiters, and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair: I hid not my face from shame and spitting.
• Isa 52:14 : 14 As many were astonied at thee; his visage was so marred more than any man, and his form more than the sons of men:
• Isa 53:3-5 : 3 He is despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and we hid as it were our faces from him; he was despised, and we esteemed him not. 4 Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. 5 But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.
• Mic 5:1 : 1 Now gather thyself in troops, O daughter of troops: he hath laid siege against us: they shall smite the judge of Israel with a rod upon the cheek.
• Matt 20:18-19 : 18 Behold, we go up to Jerusalem; and the Son of man shall be betrayed unto the chief priests and unto the scribes, and they shall condemn him to death, 19 And shall deliver him to the Gentiles to mock, and to scourge, and to crucify him: and the third day he shall rise again.
• Mark 9:12 : 12 And he answered and told them, Elias verily cometh first, and restoreth all things; and how it is written of the Son of man, that he must suffer many things, and be set at nought.
• Mark 10:34 : 34 And they shall mock him, and shall scourge him, and shall spit upon him, and shall kill him: and the third day he shall rise again.