Exodus 20:10

Authorized King James Version (1611)

But the seventh day [is] the sabbath of the LORD thy God: [in it] thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that [is] within thy gates:

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְי֨וֹם֙ הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔֜י שַׁבָּ֖֣ת ׀ לַיהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהֶ֑֗יךָ לֹֽ֣א־תַעֲשֶׂ֣֨ה כָל־מְלָאכָ֡֜ה אַתָּ֣ה ׀ וּבִנְךָֽ֣־וּ֠בִתֶּ֗ךָ עַבְדְּךָ֤֨ וַאֲמָֽתְךָ֜֙ וּבְהֶמְתֶּ֔֗ךָ וְגֵרְךָ֖֙ אֲשֶׁ֥֣ר בִּשְׁעָרֶֽ֔יךָ

Transliteration

wə-yôm hash-shəḇîʿî shabbāṯ la-YHWH ʾĕlōheḵā lōʾ-ṯaʿăśeh ḵāl-məlāʾḵāh ʾattāh û-ḇinḵā-û-ḇitteḵā ʿaḇdəḵā wa-ʾămāṯəḵā û-ḇəhemteḵā wə-ḡērəḵā ʾăsher bi-shəʿāreḵā

Grammar Details

• *wə-yôm*: conjunction + masculine singular noun construct - but the day of
• *hash-shəḇîʿî*: definite article + ordinal number - the seventh
• *shabbāṯ*: feminine singular noun - sabbath/rest
• *la-YHWH*: preposition + proper name - to/for YHWH
• *ʾĕlōheḵā*: masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your God
• *lōʾ-ṯaʿăśeh*: negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall not do
• *ḵāl-məlāʾḵāh*: noun construct + feminine singular noun - any work
• *ʾattāh*: 2nd masculine singular pronoun - you
• *û-ḇinḵā*: conjunction + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your son
• *û-ḇitteḵā*: conjunction + feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your daughter
• *ʿaḇdəḵā*: masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your male servant
• *wa-ʾămāṯəḵā*: conjunction + feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your female servant
• *û-ḇəhemteḵā*: conjunction + feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your cattle
• *wə-ḡērəḵā*: conjunction + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - and your sojourner
• *ʾăsher*: relative pronoun - who
• *bi-shəʿāreḵā*: preposition + masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - in your gates

Word Meanings

• *shabbāṯ*: sabbath/rest/cessation from work
• *məlāʾḵāh*: work/labor/occupation/business
• *ʿaḇdəḵā*: your male servant/your slave
• *ʾămāṯəḵā*: your female servant/your maidservant/your female slave
• *ḡērəḵā*: your sojourner/your resident alien/your foreigner
• *bi-shəʿāreḵā*: within your gates/in your towns/in your settlements

Referenced Verses

• Num 15:32-36 : 32 And while the children of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man that gathered sticks upon the sabbath day. 33 And they that found him gathering sticks brought him unto Moses and Aaron, and unto all the congregation. 34 And they put him in ward, because it was not declared what should be done to him. 35 And the LORD said unto Moses, The man shall be surely put to death: all the congregation shall stone him with stones without the camp. 36 And all the congregation brought him without the camp, and stoned him with stones, and he died; as the LORD commanded Moses.
• Deut 5:14-15 : 14 But the seventh day [is] the sabbath of the LORD thy God: [in it] thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, nor thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of thy cattle, nor thy stranger that [is] within thy gates; that thy manservant and thy maidservant may rest as well as thou. 15 And remember that thou wast a servant in the land of Egypt, and [that] the LORD thy God brought thee out thence through a mighty hand and by a stretched out arm: therefore the LORD thy God commanded thee to keep the sabbath day.
• Exod 16:27-28 : 27 And it came to pass, [that] there went out [some] of the people on the seventh day for to gather, and they found none. 28 And the LORD said unto Moses, How long refuse ye to keep my commandments and my laws?
• Exod 34:21 : 21 Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest: in earing time and in harvest thou shalt rest.
• Gen 2:2-3 : 2 And on the seventh day God ended his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made. 3 And God blessed the seventh day, and sanctified it: because that in it he had rested from all his work which God created and made.
• Exod 23:9-9 : 9 Also thou shalt not oppress a stranger: for ye know the heart of a stranger, seeing ye were strangers in the land of Egypt. 10 ¶ And six years thou shalt sow thy land, and shalt gather in the fruits thereof: 11 But the seventh [year] thou shalt let it rest and lie still; that the poor of thy people may eat: and what they leave the beasts of the field shall eat. In like manner thou shalt deal with thy vineyard, [and] with thy oliveyard. 12 Six days thou shalt do thy work, and on the seventh day thou shalt rest: that thine ox and thine ass may rest, and the son of thy handmaid, and the stranger, may be refreshed.
• Exod 31:13 : 13 Speak thou also unto the children of Israel, saying, Verily my sabbaths ye shall keep: for it [is] a sign between me and you throughout your generations; that [ye] may know that I [am] the LORD that doth sanctify you.
• Deut 16:11-12 : 11 And thou shalt rejoice before the LORD thy God, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy manservant, and thy maidservant, and the Levite that [is] within thy gates, and the stranger, and the fatherless, and the widow, that [are] among you, in the place which the LORD thy God hath chosen to place his name there. 12 And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt: and thou shalt observe and do these statutes.
• Deut 24:14-22 : 14 ¶ Thou shalt not oppress an hired servant [that is] poor and needy, [whether he be] of thy brethren, or of thy strangers that [are] in thy land within thy gates: 15 At his day thou shalt give [him] his hire, neither shall the sun go down upon it; for he [is] poor, and setteth his heart upon it: lest he cry against thee unto the LORD, and it be sin unto thee. 16 The fathers shall not be put to death for the children, neither shall the children be put to death for the fathers: every man shall be put to death for his own sin. 17 Thou shalt not pervert the judgment of the stranger, [nor] of the fatherless; nor take a widow's raiment to pledge: 18 But thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in Egypt, and the LORD thy God redeemed thee thence: therefore I command thee to do this thing. 19 When thou cuttest down thine harvest in thy field, and hast forgot a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not go again to fetch it: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow: that the LORD thy God may bless thee in all the work of thine hands. 20 When thou beatest thine olive tree, thou shalt not go over the boughs again: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow. 21 When thou gatherest the grapes of thy vineyard, thou shalt not glean [it] afterward: it shall be for the stranger, for the fatherless, and for the widow. 22 And thou shalt remember that thou wast a bondman in the land of Egypt: therefore I command thee to do this thing.
• Neh 10:31 : 31 And [if] the people of the land bring ware or any victuals on the sabbath day to sell, [that] we would not buy it of them on the sabbath, or on the holy day: and [that] we would leave the seventh year, and the exaction of every debt.
• Neh 13:15-21 : 15 ¶ In those days saw I in Judah [some] treading wine presses on the sabbath, and bringing in sheaves, and lading asses; as also wine, grapes, and figs, and all [manner of] burdens, which they brought into Jerusalem on the sabbath day: and I testified [against them] in the day wherein they sold victuals. 16 There dwelt men of Tyre also therein, which brought fish, and all manner of ware, and sold on the sabbath unto the children of Judah, and in Jerusalem. 17 Then I contended with the nobles of Judah, and said unto them, What evil thing [is] this that ye do, and profane the sabbath day? 18 Did not your fathers thus, and did not our God bring all this evil upon us, and upon this city? yet ye bring more wrath upon Israel by profaning the sabbath. 19 And it came to pass, that when the gates of Jerusalem began to be dark before the sabbath, I commanded that the gates should be shut, and charged that they should not be opened till after the sabbath: and [some] of my servants set I at the gates, [that] there should no burden be brought in on the sabbath day. 20 So the merchants and sellers of all kind of ware lodged without Jerusalem once or twice. 21 Then I testified against them, and said unto them, Why lodge ye about the wall? if ye do [so] again, I will lay hands on you. From that time forth came they no [more] on the sabbath.
• Luke 23:56 : 56 And they returned, and prepared spices and ointments; and rested the sabbath day according to the commandment.