Jeremiah 49:13

Authorized King James Version (1611)

For I have sworn by myself, saith the LORD, that Bozrah shall become a desolation, a reproach, a waste, and a curse; and all the cities thereof shall be perpetual wastes.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

כִּ֣י בִ֤י נִשְׁבַּ֙עְתִּי֙ נְאֻם־יְהוָ֔ה כִּֽי־לְשַׁמָּ֧ה לְחֶרְפָּ֛ה לְחֹ֥רֶב וְלִקְלָלָ֖ה תִּֽהְיֶ֣ה בָצְרָ֑ה וְכָל־עָרֶ֥יהָ תִהְיֶ֖ינָה לְחָרְב֥וֹת עוֹלָֽם׃

Transliteration

For by bî nišbaʿtî nəʾum-YHWH, that for-šammāh for-ḥerpāh for-ḥōreb and-for-qəlālāh tihyeh boṣrāh, wə-all-ʿārêhā tihyênāh for-ḥorbôt ʿôlām.

Grammar Details

• *bî*: preposition + 1cs suffix - by myself
• *nišbaʿtî*: niphal perfect, 1st person singular - I have sworn
• *nəʾum*: construct state - declaration of
• *YHWH*: divine name
• *šammāh*: feminine singular noun - horror/astonishment
• *ḥerpāh*: feminine singular noun - reproach/disgrace
• *ḥōreb*: masculine singular noun - waste/desolation
• *qəlālāh*: feminine singular noun - curse
• *tihyeh*: qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - she will become
• *boṣrāh*: proper noun - Bozrah (Edomite city)
• *wə*: conjunction - and
• *ʿārêhā*: feminine plural noun + 3fs suffix - her cities
• *tihyênāh*: qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine plural - they will become
• *ḥorbôt*: feminine plural noun - ruins/waste places
• *ʿôlām*: masculine singular noun - everlasting/perpetual

Word Meanings

• *šammāh*: horror/astonishment/desolation
• *ḥerpāh*: reproach/disgrace/taunt
• *ḥōreb*: waste/desolation/drought

Referenced Verses

• Gen 22:16 : 16 And said, By myself have I sworn, saith the LORD, for because thou hast done this thing, and hast not withheld thy son, thine only [son]:
• Gen 36:33 : 33 And Bela died, and Jobab the son of Zerah of Bozrah reigned in his stead.
• Isa 34:6 : 6 The sword of the LORD is filled with blood, it is made fat with fatness, [and] with the blood of lambs and goats, with the fat of the kidneys of rams: for the LORD hath a sacrifice in Bozrah, and a great slaughter in the land of Idumea.
• Isa 34:9-9 : 9 ¶ And the streams thereof shall be turned into pitch, and the dust thereof into brimstone, and the land thereof shall become burning pitch. 10 It shall not be quenched night nor day; the smoke thereof shall go up for ever: from generation to generation it shall lie waste; none shall pass through it for ever and ever. 11 But the cormorant and the bittern shall possess it; the owl also and the raven shall dwell in it: and he shall stretch out upon it the line of confusion, and the stones of emptiness. 12 They shall call the nobles thereof to the kingdom, but none [shall be] there, and all her princes shall be nothing. 13 And thorns shall come up in her palaces, nettles and brambles in the fortresses thereof: and it shall be an habitation of dragons, [and] a court for owls. 14 The wild beasts of the desert shall also meet with the wild beasts of the island, and the satyr shall cry to his fellow; the screech owl also shall rest there, and find for herself a place of rest. 15 There shall the great owl make her nest, and lay, and hatch, and gather under her shadow: there shall the vultures also be gathered, every one with her mate.
• Isa 45:23 : 23 I have sworn by myself, the word is gone out of my mouth [in] righteousness, and shall not return, That unto me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear.
• Isa 63:1 : 1 ¶ Who [is] this that cometh from Edom, with dyed garments from Bozrah? this [that is] glorious in his apparel, travelling in the greatness of his strength? I that speak in righteousness, mighty to save.
• Jer 44:26 : 26 Therefore hear ye the word of the LORD, all Judah that dwell in the land of Egypt; Behold, I have sworn by my great name, saith the LORD, that my name shall no more be named in the mouth of any man of Judah in all the land of Egypt, saying, The Lord GOD liveth.
• Jer 49:22 : 22 Behold, he shall come up and fly as the eagle, and spread his wings over Bozrah: and at that day shall the heart of the mighty men of Edom be as the heart of a woman in her pangs.
• Amos 1:12 : 12 But I will send a fire upon Teman, which shall devour the palaces of Bozrah.
• Amos 6:8 : 8 ¶ The Lord GOD hath sworn by himself, saith the LORD the God of hosts, I abhor the excellency of Jacob, and hate his palaces: therefore will I deliver up the city with all that is therein.
• Obad 1:18 : 18 And the house of Jacob shall be a fire, and the house of Joseph a flame, and the house of Esau for stubble, and they shall kindle in them, and devour them; and there shall not be [any] remaining of the house of Esau; for the LORD hath spoken [it].
• Mal 1:3-4 : 3 And I hated Esau, and laid his mountains and his heritage waste for the dragons of the wilderness. 4 Whereas Edom saith, We are impoverished, but we will return and build the desolate places; thus saith the LORD of hosts, They shall build, but I will throw down; and they shall call them, The border of wickedness, and, The people against whom the LORD hath indignation for ever.
• Ezek 25:13-14 : 13 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; I will also stretch out mine hand upon Edom, and will cut off man and beast from it; and I will make it desolate from Teman; and they of Dedan shall fall by the sword. 14 And I will lay my vengeance upon Edom by the hand of my people Israel: and they shall do in Edom according to mine anger and according to my fury; and they shall know my vengeance, saith the Lord GOD.
• Ezek 35:2-9 : 2 Son of man, set thy face against mount Seir, and prophesy against it, 3 And say unto it, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Behold, O mount Seir, I [am] against thee, and I will stretch out mine hand against thee, and I will make thee most desolate. 4 I will lay thy cities waste, and thou shalt be desolate, and thou shalt know that I [am] the LORD. 5 Because thou hast had a perpetual hatred, and hast shed [the blood of] the children of Israel by the force of the sword in the time of their calamity, in the time [that their] iniquity [had] an end: 6 Therefore, [as] I live, saith the Lord GOD, I will prepare thee unto blood, and blood shall pursue thee: sith thou hast not hated blood, even blood shall pursue thee. 7 Thus will I make mount Seir most desolate, and cut off from it him that passeth out and him that returneth. 8 And I will fill his mountains with his slain [men]: in thy hills, and in thy valleys, and in all thy rivers, shall they fall that are slain with the sword. 9 I will make thee perpetual desolations, and thy cities shall not return: and ye shall know that I [am] the LORD. 10 ¶ Because thou hast said, These two nations and these two countries shall be mine, and we will possess it; whereas the LORD was there: 11 Therefore, [as] I live, saith the Lord GOD, I will even do according to thine anger, and according to thine envy which thou hast used out of thy hatred against them; and I will make myself known among them, when I have judged thee. 12 And thou shalt know that I [am] the LORD, [and that] I have heard all thy blasphemies which thou hast spoken against the mountains of Israel, saying, They are laid desolate, they are given us to consume. 13 Thus with your mouth ye have boasted against me, and have multiplied your words against me: I have heard [them]. 14 Thus saith the Lord GOD; When the whole earth rejoiceth, I will make thee desolate. 15 As thou didst rejoice at the inheritance of the house of Israel, because it was desolate, so will I do unto thee: thou shalt be desolate, O mount Seir, and all Idumea, [even] all of it: and they shall know that I [am] the LORD.
• Joel 3:19 : 19 Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the violence [against] the children of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land.
• Jer 49:17-18 : 17 Also Edom shall be a desolation: every one that goeth by it shall be astonished, and shall hiss at all the plagues thereof. 18 As in the overthrow of Sodom and Gomorrah and the neighbour [cities] thereof, saith the LORD, no man shall abide there, neither shall a son of man dwell in it.