John 18:28

Authorized King James Version (1611)

¶ Then led they Jesus from Caiaphas unto the hall of judgment: and it was early; and they themselves went not into the judgment hall, lest they should be defiled; but that they might eat the passover.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Ἄγουσιν οὖν τὸν Ἰησοῦν ἀπὸ τοῦ Καϊάφα εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον: ἦν δὲ πρωΐ· καὶ αὐτοὶ οὐκ εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὸ πραιτώριον, ἵνα μὴ μιανθῶσιν· ἀλλʼ ἵνα φάγωσιν τὸ πάσχα.

Transliteration

Agousin oun ton Iēsoun apo tou Kaiapha eis to praitōrion: ēn de prōi; and they ouk eisēlthon eis to praitōrion, so that mē mianthōsin; but so that phagōsin to pascha.

Grammar Details

• *Agousin*: present active indicative, 3rd person plural - they lead
• *oun*: inferential particle - therefore/then
• *ton Iēsoun*: accusative, masculine, singular - Jesus
• *apo*: preposition + genitive - from
• *tou Kaiapha*: genitive, masculine, singular - Caiaphas
• *eis*: preposition + accusative - into
• *to praitōrion*: accusative, neuter, singular - the Praetorium
• *ēn*: imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - it was
• *de*: postpositive particle - and/but
• *prōi*: adverb - early morning
• *kai*: conjunction - and
• *autoi*: personal pronoun, nominative, masculine, plural - they
• *ouk*: negative particle - not
• *eisēlthon*: aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - entered
• *hina*: conjunction - so that
• *mē*: negative particle - not
• *mianthōsin*: aorist passive subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they might be defiled
• *all'*: conjunction - but
• *phagōsin*: aorist active subjunctive, 3rd person plural - they might eat
• *to pascha*: accusative, neuter, singular - the Passover

Word Meanings

• *Agousin*: they lead/they bring/they take
• *oun*: therefore/then/so
• *apo*: from/away from
• *Kaiapha*: Caiaphas (personal name)
• *eis*: to/into
• *praitōrion*: Praetorium/governor's headquarters/judgment hall
• *ēn*: it was
• *de*: and/but/now
• *prōi*: early morning/dawn
• *eisēlthon*: entered/went in
• *hina*: so that/in order that
• *mianthōsin*: they might be defiled/become ceremonially unclean
• *all'*: but/rather
• *phagōsin*: they might eat/partake of
• *pascha*: Passover/Passover meal

Referenced Verses

• John 18:33 : 33 Then Pilate entered into the judgment hall again, and called Jesus, and said unto him, Art thou the King of the Jews?
• John 19:9 : 9 And went again into the judgment hall, and saith unto Jesus, Whence art thou? But Jesus gave him no answer.
• Matt 27:27 : 27 Then the soldiers of the governor took Jesus into the common hall, and gathered unto him the whole band [of soldiers].
• Acts 11:3 : 3 Saying, Thou wentest in to men uncircumcised, and didst eat with them.
• John 11:55 : 55 And the Jews' passover was nigh at hand: and many went out of the country up to Jerusalem before the passover, to purify themselves.
• Acts 10:28 : 28 And he said unto them, Ye know how that it is an unlawful thing for a man that is a Jew to keep company, or come unto one of another nation; but God hath shewed me that I should not call any man common or unclean.
• Mark 15:1-5 : 1 ¶ And straightway in the morning the chief priests held a consultation with the elders and scribes and the whole council, and bound Jesus, and carried [him] away, and delivered [him] to Pilate. 2 And Pilate asked him, Art thou the King of the Jews? And he answering said unto him, ‹Thou sayest› [it]. 3 And the chief priests accused him of many things: but he answered nothing. 4 And Pilate asked him again, saying, Answerest thou nothing? behold how many things they witness against thee. 5 But Jesus yet answered nothing; so that Pilate marvelled.
• John 19:14 : 14 And it was the preparation of the passover, and about the sixth hour: and he saith unto the Jews, Behold your King!
• Acts 3:13 : 13 The God of Abraham, and of Isaac, and of Jacob, the God of our fathers, hath glorified his Son Jesus; whom ye delivered up, and denied him in the presence of Pilate, when he was determined to let [him] go.
• John 18:39 : 39 But ye have a custom, that I should release unto you one at the passover: will ye therefore that I release unto you the King of the Jews?
• Mark 15:16 : 16 And the soldiers led him away into the hall, called Praetorium; and they call together the whole band.
• Luke 22:66 : 66 And as soon as it was day, the elders of the people and the chief priests and the scribes came together, and led him into their council, saying,
• Luke 23:1-5 : 1 ¶ And the whole multitude of them arose, and led him unto Pilate. 2 And they began to accuse him, saying, We found this [fellow] perverting the nation, and forbidding to give tribute to Caesar, saying that he himself is Christ a King. 3 And Pilate asked him, saying, Art thou the King of the Jews? And he answered him and said, ‹Thou sayest› [it]. 4 Then said Pilate to the chief priests and [to] the people, I find no fault in this man. 5 And they were the more fierce, saying, He stirreth up the people, teaching throughout all Jewry, beginning from Galilee to this place.
• Deut 16:2 : 2 Thou shalt therefore sacrifice the passover unto the LORD thy God, of the flock and the herd, in the place which the LORD shall choose to place his name there.
• 2 Chr 30:21-24 : 21 ¶ And the children of Israel that were present at Jerusalem kept the feast of unleavened bread seven days with great gladness: and the Levites and the priests praised the LORD day by day, [singing] with loud instruments unto the LORD. 22 And Hezekiah spake comfortably unto all the Levites that taught the good knowledge of the LORD: and they did eat throughout the feast seven days, offering peace offerings, and making confession to the LORD God of their fathers. 23 And the whole assembly took counsel to keep other seven days: and they kept [other] seven days with gladness. 24 For Hezekiah king of Judah did give to the congregation a thousand bullocks and seven thousand sheep; and the princes gave to the congregation a thousand bullocks and ten thousand sheep: and a great number of priests sanctified themselves.
• 2 Chr 35:8-9 : 8 And his princes gave willingly unto the people, to the priests, and to the Levites: Hilkiah and Zechariah and Jehiel, rulers of the house of God, gave unto the priests for the passover offerings two thousand and six hundred [small cattle], and three hundred oxen. 9 Conaniah also, and Shemaiah and Nethaneel, his brethren, and Hashabiah and Jeiel and Jozabad, chief of the Levites, gave unto the Levites for passover offerings five thousand [small cattle], and five hundred oxen. 10 So the service was prepared, and the priests stood in their place, and the Levites in their courses, according to the king's commandment. 11 And they killed the passover, and the priests sprinkled [the blood] from their hands, and the Levites flayed [them]. 12 And they removed the burnt offerings, that they might give according to the divisions of the families of the people, to offer unto the LORD, as [it is] written in the book of Moses. And so [did they] with the oxen. 13 And they roasted the passover with fire according to the ordinance: but the [other] holy [offerings] sod they in pots, and in caldrons, and in pans, and divided [them] speedily among all the people. 14 And afterward they made ready for themselves, and for the priests: because the priests the sons of Aaron [were busied] in offering of burnt offerings and the fat until night; therefore the Levites prepared for themselves, and for the priests the sons of Aaron.
• 2 Chr 35:17-18 : 17 And the children of Israel that were present kept the passover at that time, and the feast of unleavened bread seven days. 18 And there was no passover like to that kept in Israel from the days of Samuel the prophet; neither did all the kings of Israel keep such a passover as Josiah kept, and the priests, and the Levites, and all Judah and Israel that were present, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem.
• Ps 35:16 : 16 With hypocritical mockers in feasts, they gnashed upon me with their teeth.
• Prov 1:16 : 16 For their feet run to evil, and make haste to shed blood.
• Prov 4:16 : 16 For they sleep not, except they have done mischief; and their sleep is taken away, unless they cause [some] to fall.
• Isa 1:10-15 : 10 ¶ Hear the word of the LORD, ye rulers of Sodom; give ear unto the law of our God, ye people of Gomorrah. 11 To what purpose [is] the multitude of your sacrifices unto me? saith the LORD: I am full of the burnt offerings of rams, and the fat of fed beasts; and I delight not in the blood of bullocks, or of lambs, or of he goats. 12 When ye come to appear before me, who hath required this at your hand, to tread my courts? 13 Bring no more vain oblations; incense is an abomination unto me; the new moons and sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot away with; [it is] iniquity, even the solemn meeting. 14 Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth: they are a trouble unto me; I am weary to bear [them]. 15 And when ye spread forth your hands, I will hide mine eyes from you: yea, when ye make many prayers, I will not hear: your hands are full of blood.
• Jer 7:8-9 : 8 Behold, ye trust in lying words, that cannot profit. 9 Will ye steal, murder, and commit adultery, and swear falsely, and burn incense unto Baal, and walk after other gods whom ye know not; 10 And come and stand before me in this house, which is called by my name, and say, We are delivered to do all these abominations? 11 Is this house, which is called by my name, become a den of robbers in your eyes? Behold, even I have seen [it], saith the LORD.
• Ezek 45:21 : 21 In the first [month], in the fourteenth day of the month, ye shall have the passover, a feast of seven days; unleavened bread shall be eaten.
• Amos 5:21-23 : 21 ¶ I hate, I despise your feast days, and I will not smell in your solemn assemblies. 22 Though ye offer me burnt offerings and your meat offerings, I will not accept [them]: neither will I regard the peace offerings of your fat beasts. 23 Take thou away from me the noise of thy songs; for I will not hear the melody of thy viols.
• Mic 2:1 : 1 ¶ Woe to them that devise iniquity, and work evil upon their beds! when the morning is light, they practise it, because it is in the power of their hand.
• Mic 3:10-12 : 10 They build up Zion with blood, and Jerusalem with iniquity. 11 The heads thereof judge for reward, and the priests thereof teach for hire, and the prophets thereof divine for money: yet will they lean upon the LORD, and say, [Is] not the LORD among us? none evil can come upon us. 12 Therefore shall Zion for your sake be plowed [as] a field, and Jerusalem shall become heaps, and the mountain of the house as the high places of the forest.
• Matt 23:23-28 : 23 ‹Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye pay tithe of mint and anise and cummin, and have omitted the weightier› [matters] ‹of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith: these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.› 24 [Ye] ‹blind guides, which strain at a gnat, and swallow a camel.› 25 ‹Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye make clean the outside of the cup and of the platter, but within they are full of extortion and excess.› 26 [Thou] ‹blind Pharisee, cleanse first that› [which is] ‹within the cup and platter, that the outside of them may be clean also.› 27 ‹Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye are like unto whited sepulchres, which indeed appear beautiful outward, but are within full of dead› [men's] ‹bones, and of all uncleanness.› 28 ‹Even so ye also outwardly appear righteous unto men, but within ye are full of hypocrisy and iniquity.›
• Matt 27:1-9 : 1 ¶ When the morning was come, all the chief priests and elders of the people took counsel against Jesus to put him to death: 2 And when they had bound him, they led [him] away, and delivered him to Pontius Pilate the governor. 3 Then Judas, which had betrayed him, when he saw that he was condemned, repented himself, and brought again the thirty pieces of silver to the chief priests and elders, 4 Saying, I have sinned in that I have betrayed the innocent blood. And they said, What [is that] to us? see thou [to that]. 5 And he cast down the pieces of silver in the temple, and departed, and went and hanged himself. 6 And the chief priests took the silver pieces, and said, It is not lawful for to put them into the treasury, because it is the price of blood. 7 And they took counsel, and bought with them the potter's field, to bury strangers in. 8 Wherefore that field was called, The field of blood, unto this day. 9 Then was fulfilled that which was spoken by Jeremy the prophet, saying, And they took the thirty pieces of silver, the price of him that was valued, whom they of the children of Israel did value; 10 And gave them for the potter's field, as the Lord appointed me.