Romans 13:12

Authorized King James Version (1611)

The night is far spent, the day is at hand: let us therefore cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armour of light.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Ἡ νὺξ προέκοψεν, ἡ δὲ ἡμέρα ἤγγικεν: ἀποθώμεθα οὖν τὰ ἔργα τοῦ σκότους, καὶ ἐνδυσώμεθα τὰ ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός.

Transliteration

The nyx proekopsen, the de hēmera ēngiken: apothōmetha oun the erga of the skotous, and endysōmetha the hopla of the phōtos.

Grammar Details

• *nyx*: nominative, feminine, singular - night
• *proekopsen*: aorist active indicative, 3rd singular - has advanced/progressed
• *de*: postpositive conjunction - but/and/now
• *hēmera*: nominative, feminine, singular - day
• *ēngiken*: perfect active indicative, 3rd singular - has drawn near
• *apothōmetha*: aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural - let us put off/away
• *oun*: inferential conjunction - therefore/then
• *erga*: accusative, neuter, plural - works/deeds
• *skotous*: genitive, neuter, singular - of darkness
• *endysōmetha*: aorist middle subjunctive, 1st plural - let us put on
• *hopla*: accusative, neuter, plural - weapons/armor
• *phōtos*: genitive, neuter, singular - of light

Word Meanings

• *nyx*: night/darkness
• *proekopsen*: has advanced/progressed/gone far
• *hēmera*: day/daylight
• *ēngiken*: has drawn near/approached/come close
• *apothōmetha*: let us put off/cast off/lay aside
• *erga*: works/deeds/actions
• *skotous*: darkness/obscurity
• *endysōmetha*: let us put on/clothe ourselves with
• *hopla*: weapons/armor/instruments
• *phōtos*: light/brightness

Referenced Verses

• Eph 5:11 : 11 And have no fellowship with the unfruitful works of darkness, but rather reprove [them].
• 2 Cor 6:7 : 7 By the word of truth, by the power of God, by the armour of righteousness on the right hand and on the left,
• Isa 2:20 : 20 In that day a man shall cast his idols of silver, and his idols of gold, which they made [each one] for himself to worship, to the moles and to the bats;
• Isa 30:22 : 22 Ye shall defile also the covering of thy graven images of silver, and the ornament of thy molten images of gold: thou shalt cast them away as a menstruous cloth; thou shalt say unto it, Get thee hence.
• Ezek 18:31-32 : 31 Cast away from you all your transgressions, whereby ye have transgressed; and make you a new heart and a new spirit: for why will ye die, O house of Israel? 32 For I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth, saith the Lord GOD: wherefore turn [yourselves], and live ye.
• 1 Thess 5:5-8 : 5 Ye are all the children of light, and the children of the day: we are not of the night, nor of darkness. 6 ¶ Therefore let us not sleep, as [do] others; but let us watch and be sober. 7 For they that sleep sleep in the night; and they that be drunken are drunken in the night. 8 But let us, who are of the day, be sober, putting on the breastplate of faith and love; and for an helmet, the hope of salvation.
• Jas 1:21 : 21 Wherefore lay apart all filthiness and superfluity of naughtiness, and receive with meekness the engrafted word, which is able to save your souls.
• Eph 6:11-18 : 11 Put on the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. 12 For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high [places]. 13 Wherefore take unto you the whole armour of God, that ye may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand. 14 Stand therefore, having your loins girt about with truth, and having on the breastplate of righteousness; 15 And your feet shod with the preparation of the gospel of peace; 16 Above all, taking the shield of faith, wherewith ye shall be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked. 17 And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God: 18 Praying always with all prayer and supplication in the Spirit, and watching thereunto with all perseverance and supplication for all saints;
• Col 3:8-9 : 8 ¶ But now ye also put off all these; anger, wrath, malice, blasphemy, filthy communication out of your mouth. 9 Lie not one to another, seeing that ye have put off the old man with his deeds; 10 And have put on the new [man], which is renewed in knowledge after the image of him that created him: 11 Where there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcision nor uncircumcision, Barbarian, Scythian, bond [nor] free: but Christ [is] all, and in all. 12 ¶ Put on therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved, bowels of mercies, kindness, humbleness of mind, meekness, longsuffering; 13 Forbearing one another, and forgiving one another, if any man have a quarrel against any: even as Christ forgave you, so also [do] ye. 14 And above all these things [put on] charity, which is the bond of perfectness. 15 And let the peace of God rule in your hearts, to the which also ye are called in one body; and be ye thankful. 16 Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom; teaching and admonishing one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing with grace in your hearts to the Lord. 17 And whatsoever ye do in word or deed, [do] all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God and the Father by him.
• 1 John 2:8-9 : 8 Again, a new commandment I write unto you, which thing is true in him and in you: because the darkness is past, and the true light now shineth. 9 He that saith he is in the light, and hateth his brother, is in darkness even until now.
• Rev 1:3 : 3 ¶ Blessed [is] he that readeth, and they that hear the words of this prophecy, and keep those things which are written therein: for the time [is] at hand.
• Rev 22:10 : 10 And he saith unto me, Seal not the sayings of the prophecy of this book: for the time is at hand.
• John 3:19-21 : 19 ‹And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil.› 20 ‹For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved.› 21 ‹But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God.›
• Rom 13:14 : 14 But put ye on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make not provision for the flesh, to [fulfil] the lusts [thereof].
• Eph 4:22 : 22 That ye put off concerning the former conversation the old man, which is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts;
• Job 24:14-17 : 14 The murderer rising with the light killeth the poor and needy, and in the night is as a thief. 15 The eye also of the adulterer waiteth for the twilight, saying, No eye shall see me: and disguiseth [his] face. 16 In the dark they dig through houses, [which] they had marked for themselves in the daytime: they know not the light. 17 For the morning [is] to them even as the shadow of death: if [one] know [them, they are in] the terrors of the shadow of death.
• Song 2:17 : 17 Until the day break, and the shadows flee away, turn, my beloved, and be thou like a roe or a young hart upon the mountains of Bether.
• 1 Pet 2:1 : 1 ¶ Wherefore laying aside all malice, and all guile, and hypocrisies, and envies, and all evil speakings,
• 1 John 1:5-7 : 5 ¶ This then is the message which we have heard of him, and declare unto you, that God is light, and in him is no darkness at all. 6 If we say that we have fellowship with him, and walk in darkness, we lie, and do not the truth: 7 But if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship one with another, and the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin.