Leviticus 10:1

King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

And Nadab and Abihu, the sons of Aaron, took either of them his censer, and put fire therein, and put incense thereon, and offered strange fire before the LORD, which he commanded them not.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּקְח֣וּ בְנֵֽי־אַ֠הֲרֹן נָדָ֨ב וַאֲבִיה֜וּא אִ֣ישׁ מַחְתָּת֗וֹ וַיִתְּנ֤וּ בָהֵן֙ אֵ֔שׁ וַיָּשִׂ֥ימוּ עָלֶ֖יהָ קְטֹ֑רֶת וַיַּקְרִ֜בוּ לִפְנֵ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֵ֣שׁ זָרָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹ֦א צִוָּ֖ה אֹתָֽם

Transliteration

And wə-yiqqəḥû bənê-ʾahărōn nāḏāḇ and-ʾăḇîhûʾ ʾîš maḥtātô and-wə-yittənû in-them ʾēš and-wə-yāśîmû upon-it qəṭōreṯ and-wə-yaqqriḇû before YHWH ʾēš zārâ which not ṣiwwâ them

Grammar Details

• *wə-yiqqəḥû*: waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they took
• *bənê*: construct state, masculine plural - sons of
• *ʾahărōn*: proper noun, masculine singular - Aaron
• *nāḏāḇ*: proper noun, masculine singular - Nadab
• *ʾăḇîhûʾ*: proper noun, masculine singular - Abihu
• *ʾîš*: noun, masculine singular, absolute - each man
• *maḥtātô*: noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular possessive suffix - his censer
• *wə-yittənû*: waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they put
• *ʾēš*: noun, feminine singular, absolute - fire
• *wə-yāśîmû*: waw-consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they placed
• *qəṭōreṯ*: noun, feminine singular, absolute - incense
• *wə-yaqqriḇû*: waw-consecutive + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they offered/brought near
• *YHWH*: proper noun - the LORD
• *zārâ*: adjective, feminine singular - strange/unauthorized
• *ṣiwwâ*: Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he commanded

Word Meanings

• *ʾîš*: each/man/each man
• *maḥtātô*: his censer/fire-pan
• *ʾēš*: fire/flame
• *qəṭōreṯ*: incense/smoke offering
• *zārâ*: strange/foreign/unauthorized/profane

Referenced Verses

• Lev 16:12 : 12 And he shall take a censer full of burning coals of fire from off the altar before the LORD, and his hands full of sweet incense beaten small, and bring it within the vail:
• Num 26:61 : 61 And Nadab and Abihu died, when they offered strange fire before the LORD.
• Exod 24:1 : 1 And he said unto Moses, Come up unto the LORD, thou, and Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel; and worship ye afar off.
• Num 16:46 : 46 And Moses said unto Aaron, Take a censer, and put fire therein from off the altar, and put on incense, and go quickly unto the congregation, and make an atonement for them: for there is wrath gone out from the LORD; the plague is begun.
• Exod 24:9 : 9 Then went up Moses, and Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel:
• Exod 6:23 : 23 And Aaron took him Elisheba, daughter of Amminadab, sister of Naashon, to wife; and she bare him Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.
• Lev 16:1 : 1 And the LORD spake unto Moses after the death of the two sons of Aaron, when they offered before the LORD, and died;
• Exod 28:1 : 1 And take thou unto thee Aaron thy brother, and his sons with him, from among the children of Israel, that he may minister unto me in the priest's office, even Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron's sons.
• Exod 30:1-9 : 1 And thou shalt make an altar to burn incense upon: of shittim wood shalt thou make it. 2 A cubit shall be the length thereof, and a cubit the breadth thereof; foursquare shall it be: and two cubits shall be the height thereof: the horns thereof shall be of the same. 3 And thou shalt overlay it with pure gold, the top thereof, and the sides thereof round about, and the horns thereof; and thou shalt make unto it a crown of gold round about. 4 And two golden rings shalt thou make to it under the crown of it, by the two corners thereof, upon the two sides of it shalt thou make it; and they shall be for places for the staves to bear it withal. 5 And thou shalt make the staves of shittim wood, and overlay them with gold. 6 And thou shalt put it before the vail that is by the ark of the testimony, before the mercy seat that is over the testimony, where I will meet with thee. 7 And Aaron shall burn thereon sweet incense every morning: when he dresseth the lamps, he shall burn incense upon it. 8 And when Aaron lighteth the lamps at even, he shall burn incense upon it, a perpetual incense before the LORD throughout your generations. 9 Ye shall offer no strange incense thereon, nor burnt sacrifice, nor meat offering; neither shall ye pour drink offering thereon.
• Exod 30:34-36 : 34 And the LORD said unto Moses, Take unto thee sweet spices, stacte, and onycha, and galbanum; these sweet spices with pure frankincense: of each shall there be a like weight: 35 And thou shalt make it a perfume, a confection after the art of the apothecary, tempered together, pure and holy: 36 And thou shalt beat some of it very small, and put of it before the testimony in the tabernacle of the congregation, where I will meet with thee: it shall be unto you most holy.
• Exod 31:11 : 11 And the anointing oil, and sweet incense for the holy place: according to all that I have commanded thee shall they do.
• Exod 37:29 : 29 And he made the holy anointing oil, and the pure incense of sweet spices, according to the work of the apothecary.
• Exod 38:3 : 3 And he made all the vessels of the altar, the pots, and the shovels, and the basons, and the fleshhooks, and the firepans: all the vessels thereof made he of brass.
• Exod 40:27 : 27 And he burnt sweet incense thereon; as the LORD commanded Moses.
• Lev 9:24 : 24 And there came a fire out from before the LORD, and consumed upon the altar the burnt offering and the fat: which when all the peop saw, they shouted, and fell on their faces.
• Exod 27:3 : 3 And thou shalt make his pans to receive his ashes, and his shovels, and his basons, and his fleshhooks, and his firepans: all the vessels thereof thou shalt make of brass.
• Lev 22:9 : 9 They shall therefore keep mine ordinance, st they bear sin for it, and die therefore, if they profane it: I the LORD do sanctify them.
• Num 3:2-4 : 2 And these are the names of the sons of Aaron; Nadab the firstborn, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar. 3 These are the names of the sons of Aaron, the priests which were anointed, whom he consecrated to minister in the priest's office. 4 And Nadab and Abihu died before the LORD, when they offered strange fire before the LORD, in the wilderness of Sinai, and they had no children: and Eleazar and Ithamar ministered in the priest's office in the sight of Aaron their father.
• Num 16:6-7 : 6 This do; Take you censers, Korah, and all his company; 7 And put fire therein, and put incense in them before the LORD to morrow: and it shall be that the man whom the LORD doth choose, he shall be holy: ye take too much upon you, ye sons of Levi.
• Num 16:16-18 : 16 And Moses said unto Korah, Be thou and all thy company before the LORD, thou, and they, and Aaron, to morrow: 17 And take every man his censer, and put incense in them, and bring ye before the LORD every man his censer, two hundred and fifty censers; thou also, and Aaron, each of you his censer. 18 And they took every man his censer, and put fire in them, and laid incense thereon, and stood in the door of the tabernacle of the congregation with Moses and Aaron.
• Deut 4:2 : 2 Ye shall not add unto the word which I command you, neither shall ye diminish ought from it, that ye may keep the commandments of the LORD your God which I command you.
• Deut 12:32 : 32 What thing soever I command you, observe to do it: thou shalt not add thereto, nor diminish from it.
• Deut 17:3 : 3 And hath gone and served other gods, and worshipped them, either the sun, or moon, or any of the host of heaven, which I have not command;
• 1 Kgs 13:1-2 : 1 And, behold, there came a man of God out of Judah by the word of the LORD unto Beth-el: and Jeroboam stood by the altar to burn incense. 2 And he cried against the altar in the word of the LORD, and said, O altar, altar, thus saith the LORD; Behold, a child shall be born unto the house of David, Josiah by name; and upon thee shall he offer the priests of the high places that burn incense upon thee, and men's bones shall be burnt upon thee.
• 2 Chr 26:16-20 : 16 But when he was strong, his heart was lifted up to his destruction: for he transgressed against the LORD his God, and went into the temple of the LORD to burn incense upon the altar of incense. 17 And Azariah the priest went in after him, and with him fourscore priests of the LORD, that were valiant men: 18 And they withstood Uzziah the king, and said unto him, It appertaineth not unto thee, Uzziah, to burn incense unto the LORD, but to the priests the sons of Aaron, that are consecrated to burn incense: go out of the sanctuary; for thou hast trespassed; neither shall it be for thine honour from the LORD God. 19 Then Uzziah was wroth, and had a censer in his hand to burn incense: and while he was wroth with the priests, the leprosy even rose up in his forehead before the priests in the house of the LORD, from beside the incense altar. 20 And Azariah the chief priest, and all the priests, looked upon him, and, behold, he was leprous in his forehead, and they thrust him out from thence; yea, himself hasted also to go out, because the LORD had smitten him.
• Ps 141:2 : 2 Let my prayer be set forth before thee as incense; and the lifting up of my hands as the evening sacrifice.
• Jer 7:31 : 31 And they have built the high places of Tophet, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in the fire; which I commanded them not, neither came it into my heart.
• Jer 19:5 : 5 They have built also the high places of Baal, to burn their sons with fire for burnt offerings unto Baal, which I commanded not, nor spake it, neither came it into my mind:
• Jer 32:35 : 35 And they built the high places of Baal, which are in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to cause their sons and their daughters to pass through the fire unto Molech; which I commanded them not, neither came it into my mind, that they should do this abomination, to cause Judah to sin.
• Jer 44:8 : 8 In that ye provoke me unto wrath with the works of your hands, burning incense unto other gods in the land of Egypt, whither ye be gone to dwell, that ye might cut yourselves off, and that ye might be a curse and a reproach among all the nations of the earth?
• Jer 44:15 : 15 Then all the men which knew that their wives had burned incense unto other gods, and all the women that stood by, a great multitude, even all the people that dwelt in the land of Egypt, in Pathros, answered emiah, saying,
• Jer 44:19-21 : 19 And when we burned incense to the queen of heaven, and poured out drink offerings unto her, did we make her cakes to worship her, and pour out drink offerings unto her, without our men? 20 Then emiah said unto all the people, to the men, and to the women, and to all the people which had given him that answer, saying, 21 The incense that ye burned in the cities of Judah, and in the streets of usalem, ye, and your fathers, your kings, and your princes, and the people of the land, did not the LORD remember them, and came it not into his mind?
• Luke 1:9-9 : 9 According to the custom of the priest's office, his lot was to burn incense when he went into the temple of the Lord. 10 And the whole multitude of the people were praying without at the time of incense. 11 And there appeared unto him an angel of the Lord standing on the right side of the altar of incense.
• Heb 9:4 : 4 Which had the golden censer, and the ark of the covenant overlaid round about with gold, wherein was the golden pot that had manna, and Aaron's rod that budded, and the tables of the covenant;
• Rev 8:3-5 : 3 And another angel came and stood at the altar, having a golden censer; and the was given unto him much incense, that he should offer it with the prayers of all saints upon the golden altar which was befo the throne. 4 And the smoke of the incense, which came with the prayers of the saints, ascended up befo God out of the angel's hand. 5 And the angel took the censer, and filled it with fi of the altar, and cast it into the earth: and the we voices, and thunderings, and lightnings, and an earthquake.