Zephaniah 1:3

King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

I will consume man and beast; I will consume the fowls of the heaven, and the fishes of the sea, and the stumblingblocks with the wicked; and I will cut off man from off the land, saith the LORD.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

אָסֵ֨ף אָדָ֜ם וּבְהֵמָ֗ה אָסֵ֤ף עוֹף־הַשָּׁמַ֙יִם֙ וּדְגֵ֣י הַיָּ֔ם וְהַמַּכְשֵׁל֖וֹת אֶת־הָרְשָׁעִ֑ים וְהִכְרַתִּ֣י אֶת־הָאָדָ֗ם מֵעַ֛ל פְּנֵ֥י הָאֲדָמָ֖ה נְאֻם־יְהוָֽה׃

Transliteration

ʾāsēp̄ ʾāḏām ûḇəhēmāh, ʾāsēp̄ ʿôp̄-haššāmayim ûḏəḡê hayyām, wəhammakšēlôṯ ʾeṯ-hārəšāʿîm; wəhiḵrattî ʾeṯ-hāʾāḏām from-ʿal pənê hāʾăḏāmāh, nəʾum-YHWH.

Grammar Details

• *ʾāsēp̄*: qal imperfect, 1st person singular - I will gather/remove
• *ʾāḏām*: noun, masculine singular - mankind/people/humanity
• *ûḇəhēmāh*: conjunction + noun, feminine singular - and beast/animals/cattle
• *ʿôp̄*: construct state, masculine singular - birds/fowl of
• *haššāmayim*: noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens/sky
• *ûḏəḡê*: conjunction + construct state, masculine plural - and fish of
• *hayyām*: noun, masculine singular with definite article - the sea
• *wəhammakšēlôṯ*: conjunction + noun, feminine plural with definite article - and the stumbling blocks/ruins
• *ʾeṯ*: direct object marker
• *hārəšāʿîm*: noun, masculine plural with definite article - the wicked ones
• *wəhiḵrattî*: conjunction + hiphil perfect, 1st person singular - and I will cut off/destroy
• *hāʾāḏām*: noun, masculine singular with definite article - mankind/humanity
• *ʿal*: preposition - from upon/from over
• *pənê*: construct plural of *pānîm* - face of
• *hāʾăḏāmāh*: noun, feminine singular with definite article - the ground/land/earth
• *nəʾum*: construct state, masculine singular - declaration/oracle of
• *YHWH*: divine name, tetragrammaton

Word Meanings

• *ʾāsēp̄*: gather/collect/remove/destroy
• *ʾāḏām*: mankind/humanity/people
• *ûḇəhēmāh*: cattle/livestock/animals
• *wəhammakšēlôṯ*: stumbling blocks/ruins/obstacles/things that cause to stumble
• *hārəšāʿîm*: the wicked ones/the evil ones/the guilty ones
• *wəhiḵrattî*: and I will cut off/destroy/eliminate/remove
• *hāʾăḏāmāh*: ground/earth/land/soil

Referenced Verses

• Ezek 7:19 : 19 They shall cast their silver in the streets, and their gold shall be removed: their silver and their gold shall not be able to deliver them in the day of the wrath of the LORD: they shall not satisfy their souls, neither fill their bowels: because it is the stumblingblock of their iniquity.
• Hos 4:3 : 3 Therefore shall the land mourn, and every one that dwelleth therein shall languish, with the beasts of the field, and with the fowls of heaven; yea, the fishes of the sea also shall be taken away.
• Hos 14:3 : 3 Asshur shall not save us; we will not ride upon rses: neither will we say any more to the work of our hands, Ye are our gods: for in thee the fatherless findeth mercy.
• Hos 14:8 : 8 Ephraim shall say, What have I to do any more with idols? I have heard him, and observed him: I am like a green fir tree. From me is thy fruit found.
• Mic 5:11-14 : 11 And I will cut off the cities of thy land, and throw down all thy strong holds: 12 And I will cut off witchcrafts out of thine hand; and thou shalt have no more soothsayers: 13 Thy graven images also will I cut off, and thy standing images out of the midst of thee; and thou shalt no more worship the work of thine hands. 14 And I will pluck up thy groves out of the midst of thee: so will I destroy thy cities.
• Zech 13:2 : 2 And it shall come to pass in that day, saith the LORD of hosts, that I will cut off the names of the idols out of the land, and they shall no more be remembered: and also I will cause the prophets and the unclean spirit to pass out of the land.
• Matt 23:39 : 39 For I say unto you, Ye shall not see me henceforth, till ye shall say, Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord.
• Rev 2:14 : 14 But I have a few things against thee, because thou hast the them that hold the doctrine of Balaam, who taught Balac to cast a stumblingblock befo the childn of Israel, to eat things sacrificed unto idols, and to commit fornication.
• Ezek 14:3-7 : 3 Son of man, these men have set up their idols in their heart, and put the stumblingblock of their iniquity before their face: should I be inquired of at all by them? 4 Therefore speak unto them, and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Every man of the house of Israel that setteth up his idols in his heart, and putteth the stumblingblock of his iniquity before his face, and cometh to the prophet; I the LORD will answer him that cometh according to the multitude of his idols; 5 That I may take the house of Israel in their own heart, because they are all estranged from me through their idols. 6 Therefore say unto the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord GOD; Repent, and turn yourselves from your idols; and turn away your faces from all your abominations. 7 For every one of the house of Israel, or of the stranger that sojourneth in Israel, which separateth himself from me, and setteth up his idols in his heart, and putteth the stumblingblock of his iniquity before his face, and cometh to a prophet to inquire of him concerning me; I the LORD will answer him by myself:
• Ezek 14:13-21 : 13 Son of man, when the land sinneth against me by trespassing grievously, then will I stretch out mine hand upon it, and will break the staff of the bread thereof, and will send famine upon it, and will cut off man and beast from it: 14 Though these three men, Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, they should deliver but their own souls by their righteousness, saith the Lord GOD. 15 If I cause noisome beasts to pass through the land, and they spoil it, so that it be desolate, that no man may pass through because of the beasts: 16 Though these three men were in it, as I live, saith the Lord GOD, they shall deliver neither sons nor daughters; they only shall be delivered, but the land shall be desolate. 17 Or if I bring a sword upon that land, and say, Sword, go through the land; so that I cut off man and beast from it: 18 Though these three men were in it, as I live, saith the Lord GOD, they shall deliver neither sons nor daughters, but they only shall be delivered themselves. 19 Or if I send a pestilence into that land, and pour out my fury upon it in blood, to cut off from it man and beast: 20 Though Noah, Daniel, and Job, were in it, as I live, saith the Lord GOD, they shall deliver neither son nor daughter; they shall but deliver their own souls by their righteousness. 21 For thus saith the Lord GOD; How much more when I send my four sore judgments upon Jerusalem, the sword, and the famine, and the noisome beast, and the pestilence, to cut off from it man and beast?
• Ezek 15:6-8 : 6 Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD; As the vine tree among the trees of the forest, which I have given to the fire for fuel, so will I give the inhabitants of Jerusalem. 7 And I will set my face against them; they shall go out from one fire, and another fire shall devour them; and ye shall know that I am the LORD, when I set my face against them. 8 And I will make the land desolate, because they have committed a trespass, saith the Lord GOD.
• Isa 27:9 : 9 By this therefore shall the iniquity of Jacob be purged; and this is all the fruit to take away his sin; when he maketh all the stones of the altar as chalkstones that are beaten in sunder, the groves and images shall not stand up.
• Jer 4:23-29 : 23 I beheld the earth, and, lo, it was without form, and void; and the heavens, and they had no light. 24 I beheld the mountains, and, lo, they trembled, and all the hills moved lightly. 25 I beheld, and, lo, there was no man, and all the birds of the heavens were fled. 26 I beheld, and, lo, the fruitful place was a wilderness, and all the cities thereof were broken down at the presence of the LORD, and by his fierce anger. 27 For thus hath the LORD said, The whole land shall be desolate; yet will I not make a full end. 28 For this shall the earth mourn, and the heavens above be black: because I have spoken it, I have purposed it, and will not repent, neither will I turn back from it. 29 The whole city shall flee for the noise of the horsemen and bowmen; they shall go into thickets, and climb up upon the rocks: every city shall be forsaken, and not a man dwell therein.
• Jer 12:4 : 4 How long shall the land mourn, and the herbs of every field wither, for the wickedness of them that dwell therein? the beasts are consumed, and the birds; because they said, He shall not see our last end.
• Ezek 44:12 : 12 Because they ministered unto them before their idols, and caused the house of Israel to fall into iniquity; therefore have I lifted up mine hand against them, saith the Lord GOD, and they shall bear their iniquity.