Exodus 31:14

KJV1611 – Modern English

You shall keep the Sabbath therefore; for it is holy to you: everyone who defiles it shall surely be put to death: for whoever does any work on it, that person shall be cut off from among his people.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וּשְׁמַרְתֶּם֙ אֶת־הַשַּׁבָּ֔ת כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ הִ֖וא לָכֶ֑ם מְחַֽלְלֶ֙יהָ֙ מ֣וֹת יוּמָ֔ת כִּ֗י כָּל־הָעֹשֶׂ֥ה בָהּ֙ מְלָאכָ֔ה וְנִכְרְתָ֛ה הַנֶּ֥פֶשׁ הַהִ֖וא מִקֶּ֥רֶב עַמֶּֽיהָ׃

Transliteration

And wə- šāmar ʾet-the-šabbāt for qōdeš hîʾ to-you ḥālal-it môt mût for all-the-ʿāśâ in-it məlāʾkâ and wə- kārat the-nepeš the-hûʾ from-qereb ʿammeyhā

Grammar Details

• *šāmar*: qal perfect, 2nd masculine plural with conjunction *wə* - and you shall keep
• *šabbāt*: noun, feminine singular with direct object marker and definite article - the sabbath
• *qōdeš*: noun, masculine singular - holiness/holy thing
• *hîʾ*: 3rd feminine singular pronoun - it/she
• *ḥālal*: piel participle, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - profaning it
• *môt*: infinitive absolute - surely
• *mût*: hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be put to death
• *ʿāśâ*: qal participle, masculine singular with definite article - the one doing
• *məlāʾkâ*: noun, feminine singular - work
• *kārat*: niphal perfect, 3rd feminine singular with conjunction *wə* - and shall be cut off
• *nepeš*: noun, feminine singular with definite article - the soul/person
• *hûʾ*: demonstrative adjective, feminine singular - that
• *qereb*: noun, masculine singular construct with preposition *min* - from midst of
• *ʿammeyhā*: noun, masculine plural with 3rd feminine singular suffix - her peoples

Word Meanings

• *šāmar*: keep/observe/guard
• *qōdeš*: holy/sacred/sanctified
• *ḥālal*: profaners/defilers/violators
• *môt* *mût*: surely be put to death/certainly die
• *kārat*: cut off/excommunicated/removed
• *nepeš*: soul/person/life
• *qereb*: midst/among/within

Other Translations

• Linguistic Bible Translation from Source Texts

  You shall keep the Sabbath, for it is holy to you. Anyone who profanes it shall surely be put to death; whoever does any work on it, that person shall be cut off from among their people.

• King James Version 1769 (Standard Version)

  Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore; for it is holy unto you: every one that defileth it shall surely be put to death: for whosoever doeth any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

• American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

  Ye shall keep{H8104} the sabbath{H7676} therefore; for it is holy{H6944} unto you: every one that profaneth{H2490} it shall surely{H4191} be put to death;{H4191} for whosoever doeth{H6213} any work{H4399} therein, that soul{H5315} shall be cut off{H3772} from among{H7130} his people.{H5971}

• King James Version with Strong's Numbers

  Ye shall keep{H8104}{(H8804)} the sabbath{H7676} therefore; for it is holy{H6944} unto you: every one that defileth{H2490}{(H8764)} it shall surely{H4191}{(H8800)} be put to death{H4191}{(H8714)}: for whosoever doeth{H6213}{(H8802)} any work{H4399} therein, that soul{H5315} shall be cut off{H3772}{(H8738)} from among{H7130} his people{H5971}.

• Tyndale Bible (1526/1534)

  Kepe my Sabbath therfore, that it be an holye thynge vnto you. He that defileth it, shalbe slayne therfore. For whosoeuer worketh therein, the same soule shalbe roted out from amonge his people.

• Coverdale Bible (1535)

  therfore kepe my Sabbath, for it shalbe holy vnto you. Who so vnhaloweth it, shall dye the death: For who so doth eny worke therin, shalbe roted out from amonge his people.

• Geneva Bible (1560)

  Ye shall therefore keepe the Sabbath: for it is holy vnto you: he that defileth it, shal die the death: therefore whosoeuer worketh therin, the same person shalbe euen cut off from among his people.

• Bishops' Bible (1568)

  Kepe my Sabboth therefore, for it is holy vnto you. He that defileth it shalbe put to death: for whosoeuer worketh therin, the same soule shalbe rooted out from amongst his people.

• Authorized King James Version (1611)

  Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore; for it [is] holy unto you: every one that defileth it shall surely be put to death: for whosoever doeth [any] work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

• Webster's Bible (1833)

  You shall keep the Sabbath therefore; for it is holy to you. Everyone who profanes it shall surely be put to death; for whoever does any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

• Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

  and ye have kept the sabbath, for it `is' holy to you, he who is polluting it is certainly put to death -- for any who doeth work in it -- that person hath even been cut off from the midst of his people.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore; for it is holy unto you: every one that profaneth it shall surely be put to death; for whosoever doeth any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

• American Standard Version (1901)

  Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore; for it is holy unto you: every one that profaneth it shall surely be put to death; for whosoever doeth any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

• Bible in Basic English (1941)

  So you are to keep the Sabbath as a holy day; and anyone not honouring it will certainly be put to death: whoever does any work on that day will be cut off from his people.

• World English Bible (2000)

  You shall keep the Sabbath therefore; for it is holy to you. Everyone who profanes it shall surely be put to death; for whoever does any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people.

• NET Bible® (New English Translation)

  So you must keep the Sabbath, for it is holy for you. Everyone who defiles it must surely be put to death; indeed, if anyone does any work on it, then that person will be cut off from among his people.

Referenced Verses

• Exod 35:2-3 : 2 Six days shall work be done, but on the seventh day there shall be to you a holy day, a sabbath of rest to the LORD: whoever does any work on it shall be put to death. 3 You shall kindle no fire throughout your dwellings on the sabbath day.
• Num 15:32-36 : 32 And while the children of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man gathering sticks on the Sabbath day. 33 And those who found him gathering sticks brought him to Moses and Aaron, and to all the congregation. 34 And they put him in confinement, because it was not yet declared what should be done to him. 35 And the LORD said to Moses, The man shall surely be put to death: all the congregation shall stone him with stones outside the camp. 36 And all the congregation brought him outside the camp, and stoned him with stones, and he died; as the LORD commanded Moses.
• Deut 5:12-15 : 12 Keep the sabbath day to sanctify it, as the LORD your God has commanded you. 13 Six days you shall labor, and do all your work: 14 But the seventh day is the sabbath of the LORD your God: in it you shall not do any work, you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your ox, nor your donkey, nor any of your cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates; that your male servant and your female servant may rest as well as you. 15 And remember that you were a servant in the land of Egypt, and that the LORD your God brought you out from there through a mighty hand and by an outstretched arm: therefore the LORD your God commanded you to keep the sabbath day.
• Neh 9:14 : 14 You made known to them Your holy Sabbath, and commanded them precepts, statutes, and laws, by the hand of Moses Your servant.
• Isa 56:2-6 : 2 Blessed is the man who does this, and the son of man who takes hold of it; who keeps the sabbath from polluting it, and keeps his hand from doing any evil. 3 Do not let the son of the foreigner, who has joined himself to the LORD, say, The LORD has utterly separated me from his people: nor let the eunuch say, Behold, I am a dry tree. 4 For thus says the LORD to the eunuchs who keep my sabbaths, and choose the things that please me, and take hold of my covenant; 5 Even unto them will I give in my house and within my walls a place and a name better than of sons and of daughters: I will give them an everlasting name, that shall not be cut off. 6 Also the sons of the foreigner, who join themselves to the LORD, to serve him, and to love the name of the LORD, to be his servants, every one who keeps the sabbath from polluting it, and takes hold of my covenant;
• Isa 58:13-14 : 13 If you turn away your foot from the Sabbath, from doing your pleasure on my holy day; and call the Sabbath a delight, the holy day of the LORD, honorable; and shall honor him, not doing your own ways, nor finding your own pleasure, nor speaking your own words: 14 Then you shall delight yourself in the LORD; and I will cause you to ride on the high places of the earth, and feed you with the heritage of Jacob your father: for the mouth of the LORD has spoken it.
• Ezek 20:12-13 : 12 Moreover I also gave them my sabbaths, to be a sign between me and them, that they might know that I am the LORD who sanctifies them. 13 But the house of Israel rebelled against me in the wilderness: they did not walk in my statutes, and they despised my judgments, which if a man does, he shall even live in them; and they greatly polluted my sabbaths: then I said, I would pour out my fury upon them in the wilderness, to consume them.
• Ezek 20:16 : 16 Because they despised my judgments, and did not walk in my statutes, but polluted my sabbaths: for their heart went after their idols.
• Ezek 20:21 : 21 Nevertheless the children rebelled against me: they did not walk in my statutes, nor kept my judgments to do them, which if a man does, he shall even live in them; they polluted my sabbaths: then I said, I would pour out my fury upon them, to accomplish my anger against them in the wilderness.
• Ezek 20:24 : 24 Because they had not executed my judgments, but had despised my statutes, and had polluted my sabbaths, and their eyes were after their fathers' idols.
• Ezek 44:24 : 24 And in controversy, they shall stand in judgment; and they shall judge it according to my judgments, and they shall keep my laws and my statutes in all my assemblies; and they shall hallow my Sabbaths.
• Exod 20:8 : 8 Remember the Sabbath day, to keep it holy.