1 Kings 3:1

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

The Lord Gives Solomon Wisdom Solomon made an alliance by marriage with Pharaoh, king of Egypt; he married Pharaoh’s daughter. He brought her to the City of David until he could finish building his residence and the temple of the LORD and the wall around Jerusalem.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיִּתְחַתֵּ֣ן שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה אֶת־פַּרְעֹ֖ה מֶ֣לֶךְ מִצְרָ֑יִם וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־בַּת־פַּרְעֹ֗ה וַיְבִיאֶ֙הָ֙ אֶל־עִ֣יר דָּוִ֔ד עַ֣ד כַּלֹּת֗וֹ לִבְנ֤וֹת אֶת־בֵּיתוֹ֙ וְאֶת־בֵּ֣ית יְהוָ֔ה וְאֶת־חוֹמַ֥ת יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם סָבִֽיב׃

Transliteration

And wayyitḥattēn šĕlōmōh ʾet-parʿōh melek miṣrāyim and he took ʾet-daughter-of-parʿōh and he brought her to-city of-dāwid until kallōtô to-build ʾet-his house and-ʾet-house of-YHWH and-ʾet-wall of-yĕrûšālaim around.

Grammar Details

• *wayyitḥattēn*: waw consecutive + Hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he made a marriage alliance
• *šĕlōmōh*: proper noun, masculine - Solomon
• *ʾet*: direct object marker
• *parʿōh*: proper noun, masculine - Pharaoh
• *melek*: noun, masculine singular construct - king of
• *miṣrāyim*: proper noun - Egypt
• he took: waw consecutive + Qal imperfect 3rd masculine singular (*wayyiqqaḥ*) - and he took
• he brought her: waw consecutive + Hiphil imperfect 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix (*wayĕbîʾehā*) - and he brought her
• *kallōtô*: Piel infinitive construct with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his completion/finishing
• *dāwid*: proper noun, masculine - David
• *YHWH*: divine name - Yahweh/LORD
• *yĕrûšālaim*: proper noun - Jerusalem

Word Meanings

• *wayyitḥattēn*: made a marriage alliance with/became son-in-law to
• *kallōtô*: his completion/his finishing/until he had finished
• *ʾet*: direct object marker (untranslated in English)

Referenced Verses

• 1 Kgs 9:24 : 24 Solomon built the terrace as soon as Pharaoh’s daughter moved up from the City of David to the palace Solomon built for her.
• 2 Sam 5:7 : 7 But David captured the fortress of Zion(that is, the City of David).
• 1 Kgs 6:1-7:15 : 1 The Building of the Temple In the four hundred and eightieth year after the Israelites left Egypt, in the fourth year of Solomon’s reign over Israel, during the month Ziv(the second month), he began building the LORD’s temple. 2 The temple King Solomon built for the LORD was 90 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 45 feet high. 3 The porch in front of the main hall of the temple was 30 feet long, corresponding to the width of the temple. It was 15 feet wide, extending out from the front of the temple. 4 He made framed windows for the temple. 5 He built an extension all around the walls of the temple’s main hall and holy place and constructed side rooms in it. 6 The bottom floor of the extension was seven and a half feet wide, the middle floor nine feet wide, and the third floor ten and a half feet wide. He made ledges on the temple’s outer walls so the beams would not have to be inserted into the walls. 7 As the temple was being built, only stones shaped at the quarry were used; the sound of hammers, pickaxes, or any other iron tool was not heard at the temple while it was being built. 8 The entrance to the bottom level of side rooms was on the south side of the temple; stairs went up to the middle floor and then on up to the third floor. 9 He finished building the temple and covered it with rafters and boards made of cedar. 10 He built an extension all around the temple; it was seven and a half feet high and it was attached to the temple by cedar beams. 11 The LORD’s message came to Solomon: 12 “As for this temple you are building, if you follow my rules, observe my regulations, and obey all my commandments, I will fulfill through you the promise I made to your father David. 13 I will live among the Israelites and will not abandon my people Israel.” 14 So Solomon finished building the temple. 15 He constructed the walls inside the temple with cedar planks; he paneled the inside with wood from the floor of the temple to the rafters of the ceiling. He covered the temple floor with boards made from the wood of evergreens. 16 He built a wall 30 feet in from the rear of the temple as a partition for an inner sanctuary that would be the most holy place. He paneled the wall with cedar planks from the floor to the rafters. 17 The main hall in front of the inner sanctuary was 60 feet long. 18 The inside of the temple was all cedar and was adorned with carvings of round ornaments and of flowers in bloom. Everything was cedar; no stones were visible. 19 He prepared the inner sanctuary inside the temple so that the ark of the covenant of the LORD could be placed there. 20 The inner sanctuary was 30 feet long, 30 feet wide, and 30 feet high. He plated it with gold, as well as the cedar altar. 21 Solomon plated the inside of the temple with gold. He hung golden chains in front of the inner sanctuary and plated the inner sanctuary with gold. 22 He plated the entire inside of the temple with gold, as well as the altar inside the inner sanctuary. 23 In the inner sanctuary he made two cherubim of olive wood; each stood 15 feet high. 24 Each of the first cherub’s wings was seven and a half feet long; its entire wingspan was 15 feet. 25 The second cherub also had a wingspan of 15 feet; it was identical to the first in measurements and shape. 26 Each cherub stood 15 feet high. 27 He put the cherubim in the inner sanctuary of the temple. Their wings were spread out. One of the first cherub’s wings touched one wall and one of the other cherub’s wings touched the opposite wall. The first cherub’s other wing touched the second cherub’s other wing in the middle of the room. 28 He plated the cherubim with gold. 29 On all the walls around the temple, inside and out, he carved cherubim, palm trees, and flowers in bloom. 30 He plated the floor of the temple with gold, inside and out. 31 He made doors of olive wood at the entrance to the inner sanctuary; the pillar on each doorpost was five-sided. 32 On the two doors made of olive wood he carved cherubim, palm trees, and flowers in bloom, and he plated them with gold. He plated the cherubim and the palm trees with hammered gold. 33 In the same way he made doorposts of olive wood for the entrance to the main hall, only with four-sided pillars. 34 He also made two doors out of wood from evergreens; each door had two folding leaves. 35 He carved cherubim, palm trees, and flowers in bloom and plated them with gold, leveled out over the carvings. 36 He built the inner courtyard with three rows of chiseled stones and a row of cedar beams. 37 In the month Ziv of the fourth year of Solomon’s reign the foundation was laid for the LORD’s temple. 38 In the eleventh year, in the month Bul(the eighth month) the temple was completed in accordance with all its specifications and blueprints. It took seven years to build. 1 The Building of the Royal Palace Solomon took thirteen years to build his palace. 2 He named it“The Palace of the Lebanon Forest”; it was 150 feet long, 75 feet wide, and 45 feet high. It had four rows of cedar pillars and cedar beams above the pillars. 3 The roof above the beams supported by the pillars was also made of cedar; there were forty-five beams, fifteen per row. 4 There were three rows of windows arranged in sets of three. 5 All of the entrances were rectangular in shape and they were arranged in sets of three. 6 He made a colonnade 75 feet long and 45 feet wide. There was a porch in front of this and pillars and a roof in front of the porch. 7 He also made a throne room, called“The Hall of Judgment,” where he made judicial decisions. It was paneled with cedar from the floor to the rafters. 8 The palace where he lived was constructed in a similar way. He also constructed a palace like this hall for Pharaoh’s daughter, whom he had married. 9 All of these were built with the best stones, chiseled to the right size and cut with a saw on all sides, from the foundation to the edge of the roof and from the outside to the great courtyard. 10 The foundation was made of large valuable stones, measuring either 15 feet or 12 feet. 11 Above the foundation the best stones, chiseled to the right size, were used along with cedar. 12 Around the great courtyard were three rows of chiseled stones and one row of cedar beams, like the inner courtyard of the LORD’s temple and the hall of the palace. 13 Solomon Commissions Hiram to Supply the Temple King Solomon sent for Hiram of Tyre. 14 He was the son of a widow from the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a craftsman in bronze from Tyre. He had the skill and knowledge to make all kinds of works of bronze. He reported to King Solomon and did all the work he was assigned. 15 He fashioned two bronze pillars; each pillar was 27 feet high and 18 feet in circumference.
• 1 Kgs 9:15-19 : 15 Here are the details concerning the work crews King Solomon conscripted to build the LORD’s temple, his palace, the terrace, the wall of Jerusalem, and the cities of Hazor, Megiddo, and Gezer. 16 (Pharaoh, king of Egypt, had attacked and captured Gezer. He burned it and killed the Canaanites who lived in the city. He gave it as a wedding present to his daughter, who had married Solomon.) 17 Solomon built up Gezer, lower Beth Horon, 18 Baalath, Tadmor in the wilderness, 19 all the storage cities that belonged to him, and the cities where chariots and horses were kept. He built whatever he wanted in Jerusalem, Lebanon, and throughout his entire kingdom.
• 1 Kgs 11:1 : 1 The Lord Punishes Solomon for Idolatry King Solomon fell in love with many foreign women(besides Pharaoh’s daughter), including Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Sidonians, and Hittites.
• 1 Chr 11:7 : 7 David lived in the fortress; for this reason it is called the City of David.
• 2 Chr 2:1-4 : 1 Solomon Gathers Building Materials for the Temple(1:18) Solomon ordered a temple to be built to honor the LORD, as well as a royal palace for himself. 2 (2:1) Solomon had 70,000 common laborers and 80,000 stonecutters in the hills, in addition to 3,600 supervisors. 3 Solomon sent a message to King Huram of Tyre:“Help me as you did my father David, when you sent him cedar logs for the construction of his palace. 4 Look, I am ready to build a temple to honor the LORD my God and to dedicate it to him in order to burn fragrant incense before him, to set out the bread that is regularly displayed, and to offer burnt sacrifices each morning and evening, and on Sabbaths, new moon festivals, and at other times appointed by the LORD our God. This is something Israel must do on a permanent basis.
• 2 Chr 8:11 : 11 Solomon moved Pharaoh’s daughter up from the City of David to the palace he had built for her, for he said,“My wife must not live in the palace of King David of Israel, for the places where the ark of the LORD has entered are holy.”
• 2 Chr 18:1 : 1 Jehoshaphat Allies with Ahab Jehoshaphat was very wealthy and greatly respected. He made an alliance by marriage with Ahab,
• Ezra 5:11 : 11 They responded to us in the following way:‘We are servants of the God of heaven and earth. We are rebuilding the temple which was previously built many years ago. A great king of Israel built it and completed it.
• Ezra 9:14 : 14 Shall we once again break your commandments and intermarry with these abominable peoples? Would you not be so angered by us that you would wipe us out, with no survivor or remnant?