2 Kings 25:1

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

So King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon came against Jerusalem with his whole army and set up camp outside it. They built siege ramps all around it. He arrived on the tenth day of the tenth month in the ninth year of Zedekiah’s reign.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיְהִי֩ בִשְׁנַ֨ת הַתְּשִׁיעִ֜ית לְמָלְכ֗וֹ בַּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָעֲשִׂירִי֮ בֶּעָשׂ֣וֹר לַחֹדֶשׁ֒ בָּ֠א נְבֻכַדְנֶאצַּ֨ר מֶֽלֶךְ־בָּבֶ֜ל ה֧וּא וְכָל־חֵיל֛וֹ עַל־יְרוּשָׁלַ֖͏ִם וַיִּ֣חַן עָלֶ֑יהָ וַיִּבְנ֥וּ עָלֶ֛יהָ דָּיֵ֖ק סָבִֽיב׃

Transliteration

wə-yəhî in šānâ the təšîʿît to mālak his in ḥōdeš the ʿaśîrî in ʿāśôr to ḥōdeš, bôʾ nəḇūḵaḏneʾṣṣar melek bāḇel he and all ḥayil his against yərûšālayim and ḥānâ against her and bānâ against her dāyēq around.

Grammar Details

• *wə-yəhî*: conjunction + consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass
• *šānâ*: construct state, feminine singular - year
• *təšîʿît*: ordinal number, feminine singular - ninth
• *mālak*: infinitive construct with lamed + 3rd masculine singular suffix - to reign/rule his
• *ḥōdeš*: noun, masculine singular - month
• *ʿaśîrî*: ordinal number, masculine singular - tenth
• *ʿāśôr*: noun, masculine singular - tenth (day)
• *bôʾ*: perfect, 3rd masculine singular - came
• *nəḇūḵaḏneʾṣṣar*: proper noun - Nebuchadnezzar
• *melek*: noun, masculine singular construct - king of
• *bāḇel*: proper noun - Babylon
• *ḥayil*: noun, masculine singular + 3rd masculine singular suffix - army/force his
• *yərûšālayim*: proper noun - Jerusalem
• *ḥānâ*: consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - encamped/laid siege
• *bānâ*: consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - built
• *dāyēq*: noun, masculine singular - siege wall/bulwark

Word Meanings

• *wə-yəhî*: and it happened/came to pass/became
• *bôʾ*: came/arrived/entered
• *ḥānâ*: encamped/pitched camp/besieged
• *dāyēq*: siege wall/bulwark/mound/watchtower

Referenced Verses

• Jer 34:1-6 : 1 The Lord Makes an Ominous Promise to Zedekiah The LORD’s message came to Jeremiah while King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon was attacking Jerusalem and the towns around it with a large army. This army consisted of troops from his own army and from the kingdoms and peoples of the lands under his dominion. 2 This is what the LORD God of Israel told Jeremiah,“Go, speak to King Zedekiah of Judah. Tell him,‘This is what the LORD has said,“Take note. I am going to hand this city over to the king of Babylon and he will burn it down. 3 You yourself will not escape his clutches, but will certainly be captured and handed over to him. You must confront the king of Babylon face to face and answer to him personally. Then you must go to Babylon.”’” 4 However, listen to the LORD’s message, King Zedekiah of Judah. This is what the LORD has said,“You will not die in battle or be executed. 5 You will die a peaceful death. They will burn incense at your burial just as they did at the burial of your ancestors, the former kings who preceded you. They will mourn for you, saying,‘Alas master!’ Indeed, you have my own word on this. I, the LORD, affirm it!” 6 The prophet Jeremiah told all these things to King Zedekiah of Judah in Jerusalem.
• Jer 52:4-9 : 4 King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon came against Jerusalem with his whole army and set up camp outside it. They built siege ramps all around it. He arrived on the tenth day of the tenth month in the ninth year that Zedekiah ruled over Judah. 5 The city remained under siege until Zedekiah’s eleventh year. 6 By the ninth day of the fourth month the famine in the city was so severe the residents had no food. 7 They broke through the city walls, and all the soldiers tried to escape. They left the city during the night. They went through the gate between the two walls that is near the king’s garden.(The Babylonians had the city surrounded.) Then they headed for the rift valley. 8 But the Babylonian army chased after the king. They caught up with Zedekiah in the rift valley plains of Jericho, and his entire army deserted him. 9 They captured him and brought him up to the king of Babylon at Riblah in the territory of Hamath and he passed sentence on him there. 10 The king of Babylon had Zedekiah’s sons put to death while Zedekiah was forced to watch. He also had all the nobles of Judah put to death there at Riblah. 11 He had Zedekiah’s eyes put out and had him bound in chains. Then the king of Babylon had him led off to Babylon and he was imprisoned there until the day he died.
• Ezek 4:1-8 : 1 Ominous Object Lessons“And you, son of man, take a brick and set it in front of you. Inscribe a city on it– Jerusalem. 2 Lay siege to it! Build siege works against it. Erect a siege ramp against it! Post soldiers outside it and station battering rams around it. 3 Then for your part take an iron frying pan and set it up as an iron wall between you and the city. Set your face toward it. It is to be under siege; you are to besiege it. This is a sign for the house of Israel. 4 “Also for your part lie on your left side and place the iniquity of the house of Israel on it. For the number of days you lie on your side you will bear their iniquity. 5 I have determined that the number of the years of their iniquity are to be the number of days for you– 390 days. So bear the iniquity of the house of Israel. 6 “When you have completed these days, then lie down a second time, but on your right side, and bear the iniquity of the house of Judah 40 days– I have assigned one day for each year. 7 You must turn your face toward the siege of Jerusalem with your arm bared and prophesy against it. 8 Look here, I will tie you up with ropes, so you cannot turn from one side to the other until you complete the days of your siege.
• Ezek 21:22-24 : 22 Into his right hand comes the portent for Jerusalem– to set up battering rams, to give the signal for slaughter, to shout out the battle cry, to set up battering rams against the gates, to erect a siege ramp, to build a siege wall. 23 But those in Jerusalem will view it as a false omen. They have sworn solemn oaths, but the king of Babylon will accuse them of violations in order to seize them. 24 “Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says:‘Because you have brought up your own guilt by uncovering your transgressions and revealing your sins through all your actions, for this reason you will be taken by force.
• Ezek 24:1-9 : 1 The Boiling Pot The LORD’s message came to me in the ninth year, in the tenth month, on the tenth day of the month: 2 “Son of man, write down the name of this day, this very day. The king of Babylon has laid siege to Jerusalem this very day. 3 Recite a proverb to this rebellious house and say to them,‘This is what the Sovereign LORD says:“‘Set on the pot, set it on, pour water in it too; 4 add the pieces of meat to it, every good piece, the thigh and the shoulder; fill it with choice bones. 5 Take the choice bone of the flock, heap up wood under it; boil rapidly, and boil its bones in it. 6 “‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: Woe to the city of bloodshed, the pot whose rot is in it, whose rot has not been removed from it! Empty it piece by piece. No lot has fallen on it. 7 For her blood was in it; she poured it on an exposed rock; she did not pour it on the ground to cover it up with dust. 8 To arouse anger, to take vengeance, I have placed her blood on an exposed rock so that it cannot be covered up. 9 “‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign LORD says: Woe to the city of bloodshed! I will also make the pile high. 10 Pile up the wood, kindle the fire; cook the meat well, mix in the spices, let the bones be charred. 11 Set the empty pot on the coals, until it becomes hot and its copper glows, until its uncleanness melts within it and its rot is consumed. 12 It has tried my patience; yet its thick rot is not removed from it. Subject its rot to the fire! 13 You mix uncleanness with obscene conduct. I tried to cleanse you, but you are not clean. You will not be cleansed from your uncleanness until I have exhausted my anger on you. 14 “‘I the LORD have spoken; judgment is coming and I will act! I will not relent, or show pity, or be sorry! I will judge you according to your conduct and your deeds, declares the Sovereign LORD.’”
• Ezek 26:7 : 7 “For this is what the Sovereign LORD says: Take note that I am about to bring King Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon, king of kings, against Tyre from the north, with horses, chariots, and horsemen, an army and hordes of people.
• Dan 4:1-9 : 1 (3:31)“King Nebuchadnezzar, to all peoples, nations, and language groups that live in all the land: Peace and prosperity! 2 I am delighted to tell you about the signs and wonders that the most high God has done for me. 3 “How great are his signs! How mighty are his wonders! His kingdom will last forever, and his authority continues from one generation to the next.” 4 Nebuchadnezzar Dreams of a Tree Chopped Down(4:1) I, Nebuchadnezzar, was relaxing in my home, living luxuriously in my palace. 5 I saw a dream that frightened me badly. The things I imagined while lying on my bed– these visions of my mind– were terrifying me. 6 So I issued an order for all the wise men of Babylon to be brought before me so that they could make known to me the interpretation of the dream. 7 When the magicians, astrologers, wise men, and diviners entered, I recounted the dream for them. But they were unable to make known its interpretation to me. 8 Later Daniel entered(whose name is Belteshazzar after the name of my god, and in whom there is a spirit of the holy gods). I recounted the dream for him as well, 9 saying,“Belteshazzar, chief of the magicians, in whom I know there to be a spirit of the holy gods and whom no mystery baffles, consider my dream that I saw and set forth its interpretation! 10 Here are the visions of my mind while I was on my bed. While I was watching, there was a tree in the middle of the land. It was enormously tall. 11 The tree grew large and strong. Its top reached far into the sky; it could be seen from the borders of all the land. 12 Its foliage was attractive and its fruit plentiful; on it there was food enough for all. Under it the wild animals used to seek shade, and in its branches the birds of the sky used to nest. All creatures used to feed themselves from it. 13 While I was watching in my mind’s visions on my bed, a holy sentinel came down from heaven. 14 He called out loudly as follows:‘Chop down the tree and lop off its branches! Strip off its foliage and scatter its fruit! Let the animals flee from under it and the birds from its branches! 15 But leave its taproot in the ground, with a band of iron and bronze around it surrounded by the grass of the field. Let it become damp with the dew of the sky, and let it live with the animals in the grass of the land. 16 Let his mind be altered from that of a human being, and let an animal’s mind be given to him, and let seven periods of time go by for him. 17 This announcement is by the decree of the sentinels; this decision is by the pronouncement of the holy ones, so that those who are alive may understand that the Most High has authority over human kingdoms, and he bestows them on whomever he wishes. He establishes over them even the lowliest of human beings.’ 18 “This is the dream that I, King Nebuchadnezzar, saw. Now you, Belteshazzar, declare its interpretation, for none of the wise men in my kingdom are able to make known to me the interpretation. But you can do so, for a spirit of the holy gods is in you.”
• Luke 19:43-44 : 43 For the days will come upon you when your enemies will build an embankment against you and surround you and close in on you from every side. 44 They will demolish you– you and your children within your walls– and they will not leave within you one stone on top of another, because you did not recognize the time of your visitation from God.”
• Jer 39:1-9 : 1 King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon came against Jerusalem with his whole army and laid siege to it. The siege began in the tenth month of the ninth year that Zedekiah ruled over Judah. 2 It lasted until the ninth day of the fourth month of Zedekiah’s eleventh year. On that day they broke through the city walls. 3 Then Nergal-Sharezer of Samgar, Nebo-Sarsekim, who was a chief officer, Nergal-Sharezer, who was a high official, and all the other officers of the king of Babylon came and set up quarters in the Middle Gate. 4 When King Zedekiah of Judah and all his soldiers saw them, they tried to escape. They departed from the city during the night. They took a path through the king’s garden and passed out through the gate between the two walls. Then they headed for the rift valley. 5 But the Babylonian army chased after them. They caught up with Zedekiah in the rift valley plains of Jericho and captured him. They took him to King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon at Riblah in the territory of Hamath and Nebuchadnezzar passed sentence on him there. 6 There at Riblah the king of Babylon had Zedekiah’s sons put to death while Zedekiah was forced to watch. The king of Babylon also had all the nobles of Judah put to death. 7 Then he had Zedekiah’s eyes put out and had him bound in chains to be led off to Babylon. 8 The Babylonians burned down the royal palace, the temple of the LORD, and the people’s homes, and they tore down the wall of Jerusalem. 9 Then Nebuzaradan, the captain of the royal guard, took captive the rest of the people who were left in the city. He carried them off to Babylon along with the people who had deserted to him. 10 But he left behind in the land of Judah some of the poor people who owned nothing. He gave them fields and vineyards at that time.
• Jer 43:10 : 10 Then tell them,‘The LORD of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel says,“I will bring my servant King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. I will set his throne over these stones which I have buried. He will pitch his royal tent over them.
• Jer 51:34 : 34 “King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon devoured me and drove my people out. Like a monster from the deep he swallowed me. He filled his belly with my riches. He made me an empty dish. He completely cleaned me out.”
• 2 Kgs 24:1 : 1 During Jehoiakim’s reign, King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon attacked. Jehoiakim was his subject for three years, but then he rebelled against him.
• 2 Kgs 24:10 : 10 At that time the generals of King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon marched to Jerusalem and besieged the city.
• 1 Chr 6:15 : 15 Jehozadak went into exile when the LORD sent the people of Judah and Jerusalem into exile by the hand of Nebuchadnezzar.
• 2 Chr 36:17-21 : 17 He brought against them the king of the Babylonians, who slaughtered their young men in their temple. He did not spare young men or women, or even the old and aging. God handed everyone over to him. 18 He carried away to Babylon all the items in God’s temple, whether large or small, as well as what was in the treasuries of the LORD’s temple and in the treasuries of the king and his officials. 19 They burned down the God’s temple and tore down the wall of Jerusalem. They burned all its fortified buildings and destroyed all its valuable items. 20 He deported to Babylon all who escaped the sword. They served him and his sons until the Persian kingdom rose to power. 21 This took place to fulfill the LORD’s message spoken through Jeremiah and lasted until the land experienced its sabbatical years. All the time of its desolation the land rested in order to fulfill the seventy years.
• Isa 29:3 : 3 I will lay siege to you on all sides; I will besiege you with troops; I will raise siege works against you.
• Jer 27:8 : 8 But suppose a nation or a kingdom will not be subject to King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon. Suppose it will not submit to the yoke of servitude to him. I, the LORD, affirm that I will punish that nation. I will use the king of Babylon to punish it with war, starvation, and disease until I have destroyed it.
• Jer 32:24 : 24 Even now siege ramps have been built up around the city in order to capture it. War, starvation, and disease are sure to make the city fall into the hands of the Babylonians who are attacking it. LORD, you threatened that this would happen. Now you can see that it is already taking place.
• Jer 32:28 : 28 Therefore I, the LORD, say:‘I will indeed hand this city over to King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon and the Babylonian army. They will capture it.