Exodus 22:28

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

“You must not blaspheme God or curse the ruler of your people.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

מְלֵאָתְךָ֥ וְדִמְעֲךָ֖ לֹ֣א תְאַחֵ֑ר בְּכ֥וֹר בָּנֶ֖יךָ תִּתֶּן־לִּֽי׃

Transliteration

Your mĕlēʾātĕkā and your dimʿăkā not tĕʾaḥēr; bĕkôr bānekā you shall give to me.

Grammar Details

• *mĕlēʾātĕkā*: feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix, 'your fullness/abundance'
• *dimʿăkā*: feminine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix, 'your juice/tears'
• *tĕʾaḥēr*: piel imperfect, 2nd masculine singular, 'you shall delay'
• *bĕkôr*: masculine singular construct, 'firstborn of'
• *bānekā*: masculine plural noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix, 'your sons'

Word Meanings

• *mĕlēʾātĕkā*: your abundance/fullness/harvest offering
• *dimʿăkā*: your juice/tears/liquid offerings/wine

Referenced Verses

• Acts 23:5 : 5 Paul replied,“I did not realize, brothers, that he was the high priest, for it is written,‘You must not speak evil about a ruler of your people.’”
• Eccl 10:20 : 20 Do not curse a king even in your thoughts, and do not curse the rich while in your bedroom; for a bird might report what you are thinking, or some winged creature might repeat your words.
• Jude 1:8 : 8 Yet these men, as a result of their dreams, defile the flesh, reject authority, and insult the glorious ones.
• Exod 21:17 : 17 “Whoever treats his father or his mother disgracefully must surely be put to death.
• Exod 22:8-9 : 8 If the thief is not caught, then the owner of the house will be brought before the judges to see whether he has laid his hand on his neighbor’s goods. 9 In all cases of illegal possessions, whether for an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any kind of lost item, about which someone says‘This belongs to me,’ the matter of the two of them will come before the judges, and the one whom the judges declare guilty must repay double to his neighbor.
• Lev 24:16 : 16 and one who misuses the name of the LORD must surely be put to death. The whole congregation must surely stone him, whether he is a resident foreigner or a native citizen; when he misuses the Name he must be put to death.
• 1 Sam 24:6 : 6 He said to his men,“May the LORD keep me far away from doing such a thing to my lord, who is the LORD’s chosen one, by extending my hand against him. After all, he is the LORD’s chosen one.”
• 1 Sam 24:10 : 10 Today your own eyes see how the LORD delivered you– this very day– into my hands in the cave. Some told me to kill you, but I had pity on you and said,‘I will not extend my hand against my lord, for he is the LORD’s chosen one.’
• 1 Sam 26:9 : 9 But David said to Abishai,“Don’t kill him! Who can extend his hand against the LORD’s chosen one and remain guiltless?”
• Ps 32:6 : 6 For this reason every one of your faithful followers should pray to you while there is a window of opportunity. Certainly when the surging water rises, it will not reach them.
• Ps 82:1-7 : 1 A psalm of Asaph. God stands in the assembly of El; in the midst of the gods he renders judgment. 2 He says,“How long will you make unjust legal decisions and show favoritism to the wicked?(Selah) 3 Defend the cause of the poor and the fatherless! Vindicate the oppressed and suffering! 4 Rescue the poor and needy! Deliver them from the power of the wicked! 5 They neither know nor understand. They stumble around in the dark, while all the foundations of the earth crumble. 6 I thought,‘You are gods; all of you are sons of the Most High.’ 7 Yet you will die like mortals; you will fall like all the other rulers.”
• Ps 138:1 : 1 By David. I will give you thanks with all my heart; before the heavenly assembly I will sing praises to you.
• John 10:34-35 : 34 Jesus answered,“Is it not written in your law,‘I said, you are gods’? 35 If those people to whom the word of God came were called‘gods’(and the scripture cannot be broken),
• Acts 23:3 : 3 Then Paul said to him,“God is going to strike you, you whitewashed wall! Do you sit there judging me according to the law, and in violation of the law you order me to be struck?”
• Rom 13:2-7 : 2 So the person who resists such authority resists the ordinance of God, and those who resist will incur judgment 3 (for rulers cause no fear for good conduct but for bad). Do you desire not to fear authority? Do good and you will receive its commendation 4 because it is God’s servant for your well-being. But be afraid if you do wrong because government does not bear the sword for nothing. It is God’s servant to administer punishment on the person who does wrong. 5 Therefore it is necessary to be in subjection, not only because of the wrath of the authorities but also because of your conscience. 6 For this reason you also pay taxes, for the authorities are God’s servants devoted to governing. 7 Pay everyone what is owed: taxes to whom taxes are due, revenue to whom revenue is due, respect to whom respect is due, honor to whom honor is due.
• Titus 3:1-2 : 1 Conduct Toward Those Outside the Church Remind them to be subject to rulers and authorities, to be obedient, to be ready for every good work. 2 They must not slander anyone, but be peaceable, gentle, showing complete courtesy to all people.
• 1 Pet 2:17 : 17 Honor all people, love the family of believers, fear God, honor the king.
• 2 Pet 2:10 : 10 especially those who indulge their fleshly desires and who despise authority. Brazen and insolent, they are not afraid to insult the glorious ones,