Mark 15:19

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

Again and again they struck him on the head with a staff and spit on him. Then they knelt down and paid homage to him.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Καὶ ἔτυπτον αὐτοῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν καλάμῳ, καὶ ἐνέπτυον αὐτῷ, καὶ τιθέντες τὰ γόνατα προσεκύνουν αὐτῷ.

Transliteration

And they-etypton of-him the kephalēn with-kalamō, and they-eneptyion on-him, and tithentes the gonata they-prosekyoun to-him.

Grammar Details

• *etypton*: verb, imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd, plural - they were striking/beating
• *kephalēn*: noun, accusative, feminine, singular - head
• *kalamō*: noun, dative, masculine, singular - reed/staff
• *eneptyion*: verb, imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd, plural - they were spitting on
• *tithentes*: participle, present, active, nominative, masculine, plural - placing/bending
• *gonata*: noun, accusative, neuter, plural - knees
• *prosekyoun*: verb, imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd, plural - they were worshiping/kneeling before

Word Meanings

• *etypton*: were striking/were beating/were hitting
• *kephalēn*: head
• *kalamō*: reed/staff/stick
• *eneptyion*: were spitting on/were spitting at
• *tithentes*: placing/bending/setting
• *gonata*: knees
• *prosekyoun*: were worshiping/were kneeling before/were paying homage (in mockery)

Referenced Verses

• Mark 14:65 : 65 Then some began to spit on him, and to blindfold him, and to strike him with their fists, saying,“Prophesy!” The guards also took him and beat him.
• Luke 18:32-33 : 32 For he will be handed over to the Gentiles; he will be mocked, mistreated, and spat on. 33 They will flog him severely and kill him. Yet on the third day he will rise again.”
• Luke 22:63 : 63 Now the men who were holding Jesus under guard began to mock him and beat him.
• Luke 23:11 : 11 Even Herod with his soldiers treated him with contempt and mocked him. Then, dressing him in elegant clothes, Herod sent him back to Pilate.
• Luke 23:36 : 36 The soldiers also mocked him, coming up and offering him sour wine,
• Rom 11:4 : 4 But what was the divine response to him?“I have kept for myself seven thousand people who have not bent the knee to Baal.”
• Rom 14:10-11 : 10 But you who eat vegetables only– why do you judge your brother or sister? And you who eat everything– why do you despise your brother or sister? For we will all stand before the judgment seat of God. 11 For it is written,“As I live, says the Lord, every knee will bow to me, and every tongue will give praise to God.”
• Phil 2:10 : 10 so that at the name of Jesus every knee will bow– in heaven and on earth and under the earth–
• Heb 12:2-3 : 2 keeping our eyes fixed on Jesus, the pioneer and perfecter of our faith. For the joy set out for him he endured the cross, disregarding its shame, and has taken his seat at the right hand of the throne of God. 3 Think of him who endured such opposition against himself by sinners, so that you may not grow weary in your souls and give up.
• Heb 13:13 : 13 We must go out to him, then, outside the camp, bearing the abuse he experienced.
• Gen 24:52 : 52 When Abraham’s servant heard their words, he bowed down to the ground before the LORD.
• Gen 43:28 : 28 “Your servant our father is well,” they replied.“He is still alive.” They bowed down in humility.
• 1 Kgs 19:18 : 18 I still have left in Israel seven thousand followers who have not bowed their knees to Baal or kissed the images of him.”
• Esth 3:2-5 : 2 As a result, all the king’s servants who were at the king’s gate were bowing and paying homage to Haman, for the king had so commanded. However, Mordecai did not bow, nor did he pay him homage. 3 Then the servants of the king who were at the king’s gate asked Mordecai,“Why are you violating the king’s commandment?” 4 And after they had spoken to him day after day without his paying any attention to them, they informed Haman to see whether this attitude on Mordecai’s part would be permitted. Furthermore, he had disclosed to them that he was a Jew. 5 When Haman saw that Mordecai was not bowing or paying homage to him, he was filled with rage.
• Job 13:9 : 9 Would it turn out well if he would examine you? Or as one deceives a man would you deceive him?
• Job 30:8-9 : 8 Sons of senseless and nameless people, they were driven out of the land with whips. 9 Job’s Indignities“And now I have become their taunt song; I have become a byword among them. 10 They detest me and maintain their distance; they do not hesitate to spit in my face. 11 Because God has untied my tent cord and afflicted me, people throw off all restraint in my presence. 12 On my right the young rabble rise up; they drive me from place to place, and build up siege ramps against me.
• Ps 22:6-7 : 6 But I am a worm, not a man; people insult me and despise me. 7 All who see me taunt me; they mock me and shake their heads.
• Ps 35:15-17 : 15 But when I stumbled, they rejoiced and gathered together; they gathered together to ambush me. They tore at me without stopping to rest. 16 When I tripped, they taunted me relentlessly, and tried to bite me. 17 O Lord, how long are you going to watch this? Rescue me from their destructive attacks; guard my life from the young lions!
• Ps 69:12 : 12 Those who sit at the city gate gossip about me; drunkards mock me in their songs.
• Ps 69:19-20 : 19 You know how I am insulted, humiliated and disgraced; you can see all my enemies. 20 Their insults are painful and make me lose heart; I look for sympathy, but receive none, for comforters, but find none.
• Isa 45:23 : 23 I solemnly make this oath– what I say is true and reliable:‘Surely every knee will bow to me, every tongue will solemnly affirm;
• Isa 49:7 : 7 This is what the LORD, the protector of Israel, their Holy One, says to the one who is despised and rejected by nations, a servant of rulers:“Kings will see and rise in respect, princes will bow down, because of the faithful LORD, the Holy One of Israel who has chosen you.”
• Isa 50:6 : 6 I offered my back to those who attacked, my jaws to those who tore out my beard; I did not hide my face from insults and spitting.
• Isa 52:14 : 14 (just as many were horrified by the sight of you) he was so disfigured he no longer looked like a man; his form was so marred he no longer looked human–
• Isa 53:3-5 : 3 He was despised and rejected by people, one who experienced pain and was acquainted with illness; people hid their faces from him; he was despised, and we considered him insignificant. 4 But he lifted up our illnesses, he carried our pain; even though we thought he was being punished, attacked by God, and afflicted for something he had done. 5 He was wounded because of our rebellious deeds, crushed because of our sins; he endured punishment that made us well; because of his wounds we have been healed.
• Mic 5:1 : 1 (4:14) But now slash yourself, daughter surrounded by soldiers! We are besieged! With a scepter they strike Israel’s ruler on the side of his face.
• Matt 20:18-19 : 18 “Look, we are going up to Jerusalem, and the Son of Man will be handed over to the chief priests and the experts in the law. They will condemn him to death, 19 and will turn him over to the Gentiles to be mocked and flogged severely and crucified. Yet on the third day, he will be raised.”
• Mark 9:12 : 12 He said to them,“Elijah does indeed come first, and restores all things. And why is it written that the Son of Man must suffer many things and be despised?
• Mark 10:34 : 34 They will mock him, spit on him, flog him severely, and kill him. Yet after three days, he will rise again.”