Psalms 60:1

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

For the music director; according to the shushan-eduth style; a prayer of David written to instruct others. It was written when he fought against Aram Naharaim and Aram-Zobah. That was when Joab turned back and struck down 12,000Edomites in the Valley of Salt. O God, you have rejected us. You suddenly turned on us in your anger. Please restore us!

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

לַ֭מְנַצֵּחַ עַל־שׁוּשַׁ֣ן עֵד֑וּת מִכְתָּ֖ם לְדָוִ֣ד לְלַמֵּֽד׃

Transliteration

To-the-mənaṣṣēaḥ upon-šûšan ʿēdût miktām to-dāwid to-lammēd

Grammar Details

• *mənaṣṣēaḥ*: definite article + piel participle, masculine singular - to the director/conductor/chief musician
• *šûšan*: construct form, masculine singular - lily/lotus
• *ʿēdût*: feminine singular noun - testimony/witness
• *miktām*: masculine singular noun - inscription/writing (possibly a musical or literary designation)
• *dāwid*: proper name - David
• *lammēd*: preposition + piel infinitive construct - to teach/instruct

Word Meanings

• *mənaṣṣēaḥ*: chief musician/conductor/director
• *šûšan* *ʿēdût*: lily of testimony/possibly a musical instrument or tune name
• *miktām*: inscription/golden psalm/silent prayer/musical or poetic term of uncertain meaning
• *lammēd*: for teaching/to instruct

Referenced Verses

• Ps 44:9 : 9 But you rejected and embarrassed us! You did not go into battle with our armies.
• Ps 80:3 : 3 O God, restore us! Smile on us! Then we will be delivered!
• Ps 60:10 : 10 Have you not rejected us, O God? O God, you do not go into battle with our armies.
• 1 Chr 18:3 : 3 David defeated King Hadadezer of Zobah as far as Hamath, when he went to extend his authority to the Euphrates River.
• 2 Sam 5:20 : 20 So David marched against Baal Perazim and defeated them there. Then he said,“The LORD has burst out against my enemies like water bursts out.” So he called the name of that place Baal Perazim.
• 2 Sam 8:3 : 3 David defeated King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah when he came to reestablish his authority over the Euphrates River.
• 2 Sam 10:16 : 16 Then Hadadezer sent for Arameans from beyond the Euphrates River, and they came to Helam. Shobach, the general in command of Hadadezer’s army, led them.
• 2 Kgs 14:7 : 7 He defeated 10,000 Edomites in the Salt Valley; he captured Sela in battle and renamed it Joktheel, a name it has retained to this very day.
• 2 Sam 8:12-13 : 12 including Edom, Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, and Amalek. This also included some of the plunder taken from King Hadadezer son of Rehob of Zobah. 13 David became famous when he returned from defeating the Edomites in the Valley of Salt; he defeated 18,000 in all.
• 1 Sam 4:10-11 : 10 So the Philistines fought. Israel was defeated; they all ran home. The slaughter was very great; thirty thousand foot soldiers from Israel fell in battle. 11 The ark of God was taken, and the two sons of Eli, Hophni and Phineas, were killed.
• 1 Sam 4:17 : 17 The messenger replied,“Israel has fled from the Philistines! The army has suffered a great defeat! Your two sons, Hophni and Phineas, are dead! The ark of God has been captured!”
• 1 Sam 13:6-7 : 6 The men of Israel realized they had a problem because their army was hard pressed. So the army hid in caves, thickets, cliffs, strongholds, and cisterns. 7 Some of the Hebrews crossed over the Jordan River to the land of Gad and Gilead. But Saul stayed at Gilgal; the entire army that was with him was terrified.
• 1 Sam 13:11 : 11 But Samuel said,“What have you done?” Saul replied,“When I saw that the army had started to abandon me and that you didn’t come at the appointed time and that the Philistines had assembled at Micmash,
• 1 Sam 13:19-22 : 19 A blacksmith could not be found in all the land of Israel, for the Philistines had said,“This will prevent the Hebrews from making swords and spears.” 20 So all Israel had to go down to the Philistines in order to get their plowshares, cutting instruments, axes, and sickles sharpened. 21 They charged two-thirds of a shekel to sharpen plowshares and cutting instruments, and a third of a shekel to sharpen picks and axes, and to set ox goads. 22 So on the day of the battle no sword or spear was to be found in the hand of anyone in the army that was with Saul and Jonathan. No one but Saul and his son Jonathan had them.
• 1 Sam 31:1-7 : 1 The Death of Saul Now the Philistines were fighting against Israel. The men of Israel fled from the Philistines and many of them fell dead on Mount Gilboa. 2 The Philistines stayed right on the heels of Saul and his sons. They struck down Saul’s sons Jonathan, Abinadab, and Malki-Shua. 3 Saul himself was in the thick of the battle; the archers spotted him and wounded him severely. 4 Saul said to his armor bearer,“Draw your sword and stab me with it! Otherwise these uncircumcised people will come, stab me, and torture me.” But his armor bearer refused to do it, because he was very afraid. So Saul took his sword and fell on it. 5 When his armor bearer saw that Saul was dead, he also fell on his own sword and died with him. 6 So Saul, his three sons, his armor bearer, and all his men died together that day. 7 When the men of Israel who were in the valley and across the Jordan saw that the men of Israel had fled and that Saul and his sons were dead, they abandoned the cities and fled. The Philistines came and occupied them.
• 1 Chr 18:12-13 : 12 Abishai son of Zeruiah killed 18,000 Edomites in the Valley of Salt. 13 He placed garrisons in Edom, and all the Edomites became David’s subjects. The LORD protected David wherever he campaigned.
• 1 Chr 19:16-19 : 16 When the Arameans realized they had been defeated by Israel, they sent for reinforcements from beyond the Euphrates River, led by Shophach the commanding general of Hadadezer’s army. 17 When David was informed, he gathered all Israel, crossed the Jordan River, and marched against them. David deployed his army against the Arameans for battle and they fought against him. 18 The Arameans fled before Israel. David killed 7,000 Aramean charioteers and 40,000 infantrymen; he also killed Shophach the commanding general. 19 When Hadadezer’s subjects saw they were defeated by Israel, they made peace with David and became his subjects. The Arameans were no longer willing to help the Ammonites.
• 1 Chr 28:9 : 9 “And you, Solomon my son, obey the God of your father and serve him with a submissive attitude and a willing spirit, for the LORD examines all minds and understands every motive of one’s thoughts. If you seek him, he will let you find him, but if you abandon him, he will reject you permanently.
• 2 Chr 25:11 : 11 Amaziah boldly led his army to the Valley of Salt, where he defeated 10,000 Edomites.
• Ps 74:1 : 1 A well-written song by Asaph. Why, O God, have you permanently rejected us? Why does your anger burn against the sheep of your pasture?
• Ps 79:5 : 5 How long will this go on, O LORD? Will you stay angry forever? How long will your rage burn like fire?
• Ps 79:9 : 9 Help us, O God, our deliverer! For the sake of your glorious reputation, rescue us! Forgive our sins for the sake of your reputation!
• Ps 85:4 : 4 Restore us, O God our deliverer! Do not be displeased with us!
• Ps 89:3 : 3 The LORD said,“I have made a covenant with my chosen one; I have made a promise on oath to David, my servant:
• Ps 89:7 : 7 a God who is honored in the great angelic assembly, and more awesome than all who surround him?
• Ps 89:19 : 19 Then you spoke through a vision to your faithful followers and said:“I have placed a young hero over a warrior; I have raised up a young man from the people.
• Ps 89:38 : 38 But you have spurned and rejected him; you are angry with your chosen king.
• Ps 90:13 : 13 Turn back toward us, O LORD! How long must this suffering last? Have pity on your servants!
• Ps 108:11 : 11 Have you not rejected us, O God? O God, you do not go into battle with our armies.
• Lam 3:31-32 : 31 כ(Kaf) For the Lord will not reject us forever. 32 Though he causes us grief, he then has compassion on us according to the abundance of his loyal kindness.
• Zech 10:6 : 6 “I(says the LORD) will strengthen the kingdom of Judah and deliver the people of Joseph and will bring them back because of my compassion for them. They will be as though I had never rejected them, for I am the LORD their God and therefore I will hear them.
• Rom 11:1-2 : 1 Israel’s Rejection not Complete nor Final So I ask, God has not rejected his people, has he? Absolutely not! For I too am an Israelite, a descendant of Abraham, from the tribe of Benjamin. 2 God has not rejected his people whom he foreknew! Do you not know what the scripture says about Elijah, how he pleads with God against Israel?
• Ps 59:1 : 1 For the music director; according to the al-tashcheth style; a prayer of David, written when Saul sent men to surround his house and murder him. Deliver me from my enemies, my God! Protect me from those who attack me!
• Ps 59:11 : 11 Do not strike them dead suddenly, because then my people might forget the lesson. Use your power to make them homeless vagabonds and then bring them down, O Lord who shields us!