Psalms 99:1

NET Bible® (New English Translation)

The LORD reigns! The nations tremble. He sits enthroned above the cherubim; the earth shakes.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

יְהוָ֣ה מָ֭לָךְ יִרְגְּז֣וּ עַמִּ֑ים יֹשֵׁ֥ב כְּ֝רוּבִ֗ים תָּנ֥וּט הָאָֽרֶץ׃

Transliteration

YHWH mālāḵ yirgəzû ʿammîm yōšēḇ kərûḇîm tānûṭ the ʾāreṣ

Grammar Details

• *YHWH*: proper noun, divine name
• *mālāḵ*: qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - reigned/became king
• *yirgəzû*: qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - tremble/rage
• *ʿammîm*: common noun, masculine plural construct - peoples/nations
• *yōšēḇ*: qal participle, masculine singular construct - dwelling/enthroned upon
• *kərûḇîm*: common noun, masculine plural - cherubim
• *tānûṭ*: qal imperfect, 3rd person feminine singular - shake/quake/totter
• *ʾāreṣ*: common noun, feminine singular with definite article - earth/land

Word Meanings

• *mālāḵ*: has become king/reigns/is king
• *yirgəzû*: tremble/rage/be agitated
• *yōšēḇ*: sits enthroned/dwelling on/inhabitant of
• *tānûṭ*: shake/quake/totter/be moved

Referenced Verses

• Exod 25:22 : 22 I will meet with you there, and from above the atonement lid, from between the two cherubim that are over the ark of the testimony, I will speak with you about all that I will command you for the Israelites.
• Ps 80:1 : 1 For the music director; according to the shushan-eduth style; a psalm of Asaph. O shepherd of Israel, pay attention, you who lead Joseph like a flock of sheep! You who sit enthroned above the cherubim, reveal your splendor!
• Ps 97:1 : 1 The LORD reigns! Let the earth be happy! Let the many coastlands rejoice!
• Ps 93:1 : 1 The LORD reigns! He is robed in majesty, the LORD is robed, he wears strength around his waist. Indeed, the world is established, it cannot be moved.
• Isa 24:19-20 : 19 The earth is broken in pieces, the earth is ripped to shreds, the earth shakes violently. 20 The earth will stagger around like a drunk; it will sway back and forth like a hut in a windstorm. Its sin will weigh it down, and it will fall and never get up again.
• Jer 4:24 : 24 I looked at the mountains and saw that they were shaking. All the hills were swaying back and forth!
• Jer 5:22 : 22 “You should fear me!” says the LORD.“You should tremble in awe before me! I made the sand to be a boundary for the sea, a permanent barrier that it can never cross. Its waves may roll, but they can never prevail. They may roar, but they can never cross beyond that boundary.”
• Jer 49:21 : 21 The people of the earth will quake when they hear of their downfall. Their cries of anguish will be heard all the way to the Gulf of Aqaba.
• Jer 50:46 : 46 The people of the earth will quake when they hear Babylon has been captured. Her cries of anguish will be heard by the other nations.”
• Ezek 10:1-9 : 1 God’s Glory Leaves the Temple As I watched, I saw on the platform above the top of the cherubim something like a sapphire, resembling the shape of a throne, appearing above them. 2 The LORD said to the man dressed in linen,“Go between the wheelwork underneath the cherubim. Fill your hands with burning coals from among the cherubim and scatter them over the city.” He went as I watched. 3 (The cherubim were standing on the south side of the temple when the man went in, and a cloud filled the inner court.) 4 Then the glory of the LORD arose from the cherub and moved to the threshold of the temple. The temple was filled with the cloud while the court was filled with the brightness of the LORD’s glory. 5 The sound of the wings of the cherubim could be heard from the outer court, like the sound of the Sovereign God when he speaks. 6 When the LORD commanded the man dressed in linen,“Take fire from within the wheelwork, from among the cherubim,” the man went in and stood by one of the wheels. 7 Then one of the cherubim stretched out his hand toward the fire which was among the cherubim. He took some and put it into the hands of the man dressed in linen, who took it and left. 8 (The cherubim appeared to have the form of human hands under their wings.) 9 As I watched, I noticed four wheels by the cherubim, one wheel beside each cherub; the wheels gleamed like jasper. 10 As for their appearance, all four of them looked the same, something like a wheel within a wheel. 11 When they moved, they would go in any of the four directions they faced without turning as they moved; in the direction the head would turn they would follow without turning as they moved, 12 along with their entire bodies, their backs, their hands, and their wings. The wheels of the four of them were full of eyes all around. 13 As for their wheels, they were called“the wheelwork” as I listened. 14 Each of the cherubim had four faces: The first was the face of a cherub, the second that of a man, the third that of a lion, and the fourth that of an eagle. 15 The cherubim rose up; these were the living beings I saw at the Kebar River. 16 When the cherubim moved, the wheels moved beside them; when the cherubim spread their wings to rise from the ground, the wheels did not move from their side. 17 When the cherubim stood still, the wheels stood still, and when they rose up, the wheels rose up with them, for the spirit of the living beings was in the wheels. 18 Then the glory of the LORD moved away from the threshold of the temple and stopped above the cherubim. 19 The cherubim spread their wings, and they rose up from the earth while I watched(when they went the wheels went alongside them). They stopped at the entrance to the east gate of the LORD’s temple as the glory of the God of Israel hovered above them. 20 These were the living creatures which I saw at the Kebar River underneath the God of Israel; I knew that they were cherubim. 21 Each had four faces; each had four wings and the form of human hands under the wings. 22 As for the form of their faces, they were the faces whose appearance I had seen at the Kebar River. Each one moved straight ahead.
• Luke 19:12 : 12 Therefore he said,“A nobleman went to a distant country to receive for himself a kingdom and then return.
• Luke 19:14 : 14 But his citizens hated him and sent a delegation after him, saying,‘We do not want this man to be king over us!’
• Luke 19:27 : 27 But as for these enemies of mine who did not want me to be their king, bring them here and slaughter them in front of me!’”
• Phil 2:12 : 12 Lights in the World So then, my dear friends, just as you have always obeyed, not only in my presence but even more in my absence, continue working out your salvation with awe and reverence,
• Rev 6:14 : 14 The sky was split apart like a scroll being rolled up, and every mountain and island was moved from its place.
• Rev 11:17 : 17 with these words:“We give you thanks, Lord God, the All-Powerful, the one who is and who was, because you have taken your great power and begun to reign.
• Rev 20:11 : 11 The Great White Throne Then I saw a large white throne and the one who was seated on it; the earth and the heaven fled from his presence, and no place was found for them.
• Ps 96:10 : 10 Say among the nations,“The LORD reigns! The world is established, it cannot be moved. He judges the nations fairly.”
• Ps 82:5 : 5 They neither know nor understand. They stumble around in the dark, while all the foundations of the earth crumble.
• Ps 2:6 : 6 “I myself have installed my king on Zion, my holy hill.”
• Ps 2:11-12 : 11 Serve the LORD in fear! Repent in terror! 12 Give sincere homage! Otherwise he will be angry, and you will die because of your behavior, when his anger quickly ignites. How blessed are all who take shelter in him!
• Ps 18:10 : 10 He mounted a winged angel and flew; he glided on the wings of the wind.
• Ps 21:8-9 : 8 You prevail over all your enemies; your power is too great for those who hate you. 9 You burn them up like a fiery furnace when you appear; the LORD angrily devours them; the fire consumes them.
• Ps 97:4 : 4 His lightning bolts light up the world; the earth sees and trembles.
• Isa 19:14 : 14 The LORD has made them undiscerning; they lead Egypt astray in all she does, so that she is like a drunk sliding around in his own vomit.