Daniel 1:8

World English Bible (2000)

But Daniel purposed in his heart that he would not defile himself with the king's dainties, nor with the wine which he drank: therefore he requested of the prince of the eunuchs that he might not defile himself.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיָּ֤שֶׂם דָּנִיֵּאל֙ עַל־לִבּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁ֧ר לֹֽא־יִתְגָּאַ֛ל בְּפַתְבַּ֥ג הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וּבְיֵ֣ין מִשְׁתָּ֑יו וַיְבַקֵּשׁ֙ מִשַּׂ֣ר הַסָּרִיסִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר לֹ֥א יִתְגָּאָֽל׃

Transliteration

wayyāśem Dāniyyēʾl upon-libbô ʾăsher not-yithgāʾal with-pathbagh the-melekh and-with-yêyn mishtāyw wayəbhaqqēsh from-śar the-sārîsîm ʾăsher not yithgāʾāl

Grammar Details

• *wayyāśem*: qal imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he set/placed
• *Dāniyyēʾl*: proper noun, masculine singular - Daniel
• *libbô*: noun masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his heart
• *ʾăsher*: relative pronoun - that
• *yithgāʾal*: hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he would defile himself
• *pathbagh*: noun masculine singular construct - food portion of
• *melekh*: noun masculine singular with definite article - the king
• *yêyn*: noun masculine singular - wine
• *mishtāyw*: noun masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his drinks
• *wayəbhaqqēsh*: piel imperfect with waw consecutive, 3rd masculine singular - and he sought/requested
• *śar*: noun masculine singular construct - chief of
• *sārîsîm*: noun masculine plural with definite article - the eunuchs/officials
• *yithgāʾāl*: hithpael imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he would defile himself

Word Meanings

• *wayyāśem ʿal-libbô*: set in his heart/purposed/determined
• *yithgāʾal*: defile himself/pollute himself/make himself impure
• *pathbagh*: food portion/delicacies/royal food
• *wayəbhaqqēsh*: and he sought/and he requested/and he asked

Referenced Verses

• Hos 9:3-4 : 3 They won't dwell in Yahweh's land; but Ephraim will return to Egypt, and they will eat unclean food in Assyria. 4 They won't pour out wine offerings to Yahweh, neither will they be pleasing to him. Their sacrifices will be to them like the bread of mourners; all who eat of it will be polluted; for their bread will be for their appetite. It will not come into the house of Yahweh.
• Lev 11:45-47 : 45 For I am Yahweh who brought you up out of the land of Egypt, to be your God. You shall therefore be holy, for I am holy. 46 "'This is the law of the animal, and of the bird, and of every living creature that moves in the waters, and of every creature that creeps on the earth, 47 to make a distinction between the unclean and the clean, and between the living thing that may be eaten and the living thing that may not be eaten.'"
• Ezek 4:13-14 : 13 Yahweh said, Even thus shall the children of Israel eat their bread unclean, among the nations where I will drive them. 14 Then I said, Ah Lord Yahweh! behold, my soul has not been polluted; for from my youth up even until now have I not eaten of that which dies of itself, or is torn of animals; neither came there abominable flesh into my mouth.
• Ps 141:4 : 4 Don't incline my heart to any evil thing, to practice deeds of wickedness with men who work iniquity. Don't let me eat of their delicacies.
• 1 Cor 10:18-21 : 18 Consider Israel according to the flesh. Don't those who eat the sacrifices participate in the altar? 19 What am I saying then? That a thing sacrificed to idols is anything, or that an idol is anything? 20 But I say that the things which the Gentiles sacrifice, they sacrifice to demons, and not to God, and I don't desire that you would have fellowship with demons. 21 You can't both drink the cup of the Lord and the cup of demons. You can't both partake of the table of the Lord, and of the table of demons.
• 1 Cor 7:37 : 37 But he who stands steadfast in his heart, having no necessity, but has power over his own heart, to keep his own virgin, does well.
• Ps 119:115 : 115 Depart from me, you evildoers, that I may keep the commandments of my God.
• Dan 1:5 : 5 The king appointed for them a daily portion of the king's dainties, and of the wine which he drank, and that they should be nourished three years; that at its end they should stand before the king.
• Deut 32:38 : 38 Which ate the fat of their sacrifices, And drank the wine of their drink offering? Let them rise up and help you! Let them be your protection.
• Ruth 1:17-18 : 17 where you die, will I die, and there will I be buried. Yahweh do so to me, and more also, if anything but death part you and me." 18 When she saw that she was steadfastly minded to go with her, she left off speaking to her.
• 2 Cor 9:7 : 7 Let each man give according as he has determined in his heart; not grudgingly, or under compulsion; for God loves a cheerful giver.
• 1 Kgs 5:5 : 5 Behold, I purpose to build a house for the name of Yahweh my God, as Yahweh spoke to David my father, saying, 'Your son, whom I will set on your throne in your place, he shall build the house for my name.'
• Ps 106:28 : 28 They joined themselves also to Baal Peor, and ate the sacrifices of the dead.
• Ps 119:106 : 106 I have sworn, and have confirmed it, that I will obey your righteous ordinances.
• 1 Cor 8:7-9 : 7 However, that knowledge isn't in all men. But some, with consciousness of the idol until now, eat as of a thing sacrificed to an idol, and their conscience, being weak, is defiled. 8 But food will not commend us to God. For neither, if we don't eat, are we the worse; nor, if we eat, are we the better. 9 But be careful that by no means does this liberty of yours become a stumbling block to the weak. 10 For if a man sees you who have knowledge sitting in an idol's temple, won't his conscience, if he is weak, be emboldened to eat things sacrificed to idols?
• 1 Cor 10:28-31 : 28 But if anyone says to you, "This was offered to idols," don't eat it for the sake of the one who told you, and for the sake of conscience. For "the earth is the Lord's, and all its fullness." 29 Conscience, I say, not your own, but the other's conscience. For why is my liberty judged by another conscience? 30 If I partake with thankfulness, why am I denounced for that for which I give thanks? 31 Whether therefore you eat, or drink, or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God.
• Acts 10:14-16 : 14 But Peter said, "Not so, Lord; for I have never eaten anything that is common or unclean." 15 A voice came to him again the second time, "What God has cleansed, you must not call unclean." 16 This was done three times, and immediately the vessel was received up into heaven.
• Acts 11:23 : 23 who, when he had come, and had seen the grace of God, was glad. He exhorted them all, that with purpose of heart they should remain near to the Lord.
• Rom 14:15-17 : 15 Yet if because of food your brother is grieved, you walk no longer in love. Don't destroy with your food him for whom Christ died. 16 Then don't let your good be slandered, 17 for the Kingdom of God is not eating and drinking, but righteousness, peace, and joy in the Holy Spirit.