Exodus 20:17

Webster's Bible (1833)

"You shall not covet your neighbor's house. You shall not covet your neighbor's wife, nor his man-servant, nor his maid-servant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is your neighbor's."

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

לֹ֥א תַחְמֹ֖ד בֵּ֣ית רֵעֶ֑ךָ לֹֽא־תַחְמֹ֞ד אֵ֣שֶׁת רֵעֶ֗ךָ וְעַבְדּ֤וֹ וַאֲמָתוֹ֙ וְשׁוֹר֣וֹ וַחֲמֹר֔וֹ וְכֹ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְרֵעֶֽךָ׃

Transliteration

lōʾ ṯaḥmōḏ bêṯ rēʿeḵā lōʾ-ṯaḥmōḏ ʾēsheṯ rēʿeḵā wə-ʿaḇdô wa-ʾămāṯô wə-shôrô wa-ḥămōrô wə-ḵōl ʾăsher lə-rēʿeḵā

Grammar Details

• *lōʾ ṯaḥmōḏ*: negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall not covet
• *bêṯ*: masculine singular construct - house of
• *rēʿeḵā*: masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your neighbor
• *lōʾ-ṯaḥmōḏ*: negative particle + qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall not covet
• *ʾēsheṯ*: feminine singular construct - wife of
• *wə-ʿaḇdô*: conjunction + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - or his male servant
• *wa-ʾămāṯô*: conjunction + feminine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - or his female servant
• *wə-shôrô*: conjunction + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - or his ox
• *wa-ḥămōrô*: conjunction + masculine singular noun with 3rd masculine singular suffix - or his donkey
• *wə-ḵōl*: conjunction + noun construct - or anything
• *ʾăsher*: relative pronoun - that
• *lə-rēʿeḵā*: preposition + masculine singular noun with 2nd masculine singular suffix - [belongs] to your neighbor

Word Meanings

• *ṯaḥmōḏ*: covet/desire strongly/lust after/scheme to acquire
• *bêṯ*: house/household/dwelling place/family
• *ʾēsheṯ*: wife/woman

Referenced Verses

• Rom 13:9 : 9 For the commandments, "You shall not commit adultery," "You shall not murder," "You shall not steal," "You shall not give false testimony," "You shall not covet,"{TR adds "You shall not give false testimony,"} and whatever other commandments there are, are all summed up in this saying, namely, "You shall love your neighbor as yourself."
• Luke 12:15 : 15 He said to them, "Beware! Keep yourselves from covetousness, for a man's life doesn't consist of the abundance of the things which he possesses."
• Rom 7:7 : 7 What shall we say then? Is the law sin? May it never be! However, I wouldn't have known sin, except through the law. For I wouldn't have known coveting, unless the law had said, "You shall not covet."
• Heb 13:5 : 5 Be free from the love of money, content with such things as you have, for he has said, "I will in no way leave you, neither will I in any way forsake you."
• Col 3:5 : 5 Put to death therefore your members which are on the earth: sexual immorality, uncleanness, depraved passion, evil desire, and covetousness, which is idolatry;
• Eph 5:3 : 3 But sexual immorality, and all uncleanness, or covetousness, let it not even be mentioned among you, as becomes saints;
• Matt 5:28 : 28 but I tell you that everyone who gazes at a woman to lust after her has committed adultery with her already in his heart.
• Mic 2:2 : 2 They covet fields, and seize them; And houses, and take them away: And they oppress a man and his house, Even a man and his heritage.
• Jer 5:8 : 8 They were as fed horses roaming at large; everyone neighed after his neighbor's wife.
• Jer 22:17 : 17 But your eyes and your heart are not but for your covetousness, and for shedding innocent blood, and for oppression, and for violence, to do it.
• Ezek 33:31 : 31 They come to you as the people comes, and they sit before you as my people, and they hear your words, but don't do them; for with their mouth they show much love, but their heart goes after their gain.
• Amos 2:6-7 : 6 Thus says Yahweh: "For three transgressions of Israel, yes, for four, I will not turn away its punishment; Because they have sold the righteous for silver, And the needy for a pair of shoes; 7 They trample on the dust of the earth on the head of the poor, And deny justice to the oppressed; And a man and his father use the same maiden, to profane my holy name;
• Hab 2:9 : 9 Woe to him who gets an evil gain for his house, that he may set his nest on high, that he may be delivered from the hand of evil!
• Matt 20:15 : 15 Isn't it lawful for me to do what I want to with what I own? Or is your eye evil, because I am good?'
• Eph 5:5 : 5 Know this for sure, that no sexually immoral person, nor unclean person, nor covetous man, who is an idolater, has any inheritance in the Kingdom of Christ and God.
• 1 Cor 6:10 : 10 nor thieves, nor covetous, nor drunkards, nor slanderers, nor extortioners, will inherit the Kingdom of God.
• Luke 16:14 : 14 The Pharisees, who were lovers of money, also heard all these things, and they scoffed at him.
• Acts 5:4 : 4 While you kept it, didn't it remain your own? After it was sold, wasn't it in your power? How is it that you have conceived this thing in your heart? You haven't lied to men, but to God."
• Acts 20:33 : 33 I coveted no one's silver, or gold, or clothing.
• Gen 3:6 : 6 When the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was a delight to the eyes, and that the tree was to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit of it, and ate; and she gave some to her husband with her, and he ate.
• Gen 14:23 : 23 that I will not take a thread nor a shoe-latchet nor anything that is yours, lest you should say, 'I have made Abram rich.'
• Gen 34:23 : 23 Won't their cattle and their substance and all their animals be ours? Only let us give our consent to them, and they will dwell with us."
• Josh 7:21 : 21 when I saw among the spoil a goodly Babylonian mantle, and two hundred shekels of silver, and a wedge of gold of fifty shekels weight, then I coveted them, and took them; and, behold, they are hid in the earth in the midst of my tent, and the silver under it.
• 1 Sam 15:19 : 19 Why then didn't you obey the voice of Yahweh, but flew on the spoil, and did that which was evil in the sight of Yahweh?"
• 2 Sam 11:2-4 : 2 It happened at evening, that David arose from off his bed, and walked on the roof of the king's house: and from the roof he saw a woman bathing; and the woman was very beautiful to look on. 3 David send and inquired after the woman. One said, Is not this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite? 4 David sent messengers, and took her; and she came in to him, and he lay with her (for she was purified from her uncleanness); and she returned to her house.
• Job 31:1 : 1 "I made a covenant with my eyes, How then should I look lustfully at a young woman?
• Job 31:9 : 9 "If my heart has been enticed to a woman, And I have laid wait at my neighbor's door;
• Ps 10:3 : 3 For the wicked boasts of his heart's cravings, He blesses the greedy, and condemns Yahweh.
• Ps 119:36 : 36 Turn my heart toward your statutes, Not toward selfish gain.
• Prov 4:23 : 23 Keep your heart with all diligence, For out of it is the wellspring of life.
• Prov 6:24-25 : 24 To keep you from the immoral woman, From the flattery of the wayward wife's tongue. 25 Don't lust after her beauty in your heart, Neither let her captivate you with her eyelids.
• Eccl 4:8 : 8 There is one who is alone, and he has neither son nor brother. There is no end to all of his labor, neither are his eyes satisfied with wealth. For whom then, do I labor, and deprive my soul of enjoyment? This also is vanity, yes, it is a miserable business.
• Eccl 5:10-11 : 10 He who loves silver shall not be satisfied with silver; nor he who loves abundance, with increase: this also is vanity. 11 When goods increase, those who eat them are increased; and what advantage is there to its owner, except to feast on them with his eyes?
• Isa 33:15 : 15 He who walks righteously, and speaks blamelessly; he who despises the gain of oppressions, who shakes his hands from taking a bribe, who stops his ears from hearing of blood, and shuts his eyes from looking on evil:
• Isa 57:17 : 17 For the iniquity of his covetousness was I angry, and struck him; I hid [my face] and was angry; and he went on backsliding in the way of his heart.
• 1 Tim 6:6-9 : 6 But godliness with contentment is great gain. 7 For we brought nothing into the world, and we certainly can't carry anything out. 8 But having food and clothing, we will be content with that. 9 But those who are determined to be rich fall into a temptation and a snare and many foolish and harmful lusts, such as drown men in ruin and destruction. 10 For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evil. Some have been led astray from the faith in their greed, and have pierced themselves through with many sorrows.
• Phil 3:19 : 19 whose end is destruction, whose god is the belly, and whose glory is in their shame, who think about earthly things.