Joshua 10:40

Webster's Bible (1833)

So Joshua struck all the land, the hill-country, and the South, and the lowland, and the slopes, and all their kings: he left none remaining, but he utterly destroyed all that breathed, as Yahweh, the God of Israel, commanded.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיַּכֶּה יְהוֹשֻׁעַ אֶת־כָּל־הָאָרֶץ הָהָר וְהַנֶּגֶב וְהַשְּׁפֵלָה וְהָאֲשֵׁדוֹת וְאֵת כָּל־מַלְכֵיהֶם לֹא הִשְׁאִיר שָׂרִיד וְאֵת כָּל־הַנְּשָׁמָה הֶחֱרִים כַּאֲשֶׁר צִוָּה יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל

Transliteration

wə-yakkeh Yəhôšūaʿ ʾet-all-the-ʾereṣ the-hār wə-the-neḡeḇ wə-the-šəp̄ēlāh wə-the-ʾăšēḏôt wə-ʾēt all-malḵêhem not hišʾîr śārîḏ wə-ʾēt all-the-nəšāmāh heḥĕrîm as-that ṣiwwāh YHWH ʾĕlōhê Yiśrāʾēl

Grammar Details

• *wə-yakkeh*: conjunction + Hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and he struck/smote
• *Yəhôšūaʿ*: proper noun, masculine singular - Joshua
• *ʾet*: direct object marker
• *ʾereṣ*: common noun, feminine singular construct - land of
• *hār*: common noun, masculine singular - hill country/mountain
• *wə*: conjunction - and
• *neḡeḇ*: common noun, masculine singular - Negev/south
• *šəp̄ēlāh*: common noun, feminine singular - lowland/foothills
• *ʾăšēḏôt*: common noun, feminine plural - slopes/ravines/springs
• *wə-ʾēt*: conjunction + direct object marker
• *malḵêhem*: common noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd person masculine plural suffix - their kings
• *hišʾîr*: Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he left/remained
• *śārîḏ*: common noun, masculine singular - survivor/remnant
• *nəšāmāh*: common noun, feminine singular - breath/life/living being
• *heḥĕrîm*: Hiphil perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he devoted to destruction/utterly destroyed
• *ṣiwwāh*: Piel perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he commanded
• *YHWH*: proper noun, divine name - Yahweh/LORD
• *ʾĕlōhê*: common noun, masculine plural construct - God of
• *Yiśrāʾēl*: proper noun - Israel

Word Meanings

• *ʾăšēḏôt*: slopes/ravines/springs/valleys/waterfalls
• *heḥĕrîm*: devoted to destruction/utterly destroyed/banned/put under the ban
• *nəšāmāh*: breath/breathing thing/life/soul/living being

Referenced Verses

• Deut 7:2-9 : 2 and when Yahweh your God shall deliver them up before you, and you shall strike them; then you shall utterly destroy them: you shall make no covenant with them, nor show mercy to them; 3 neither shall you make marriages with them; your daughter you shall not give to his son, nor his daughter shall you take to your son. 4 For he will turn away your son from following me, that they may serve other gods: so will the anger of Yahweh be kindled against you, and he will destroy you quickly. 5 But thus shall you deal with them: you shall break down their altars, and dash in pieces their pillars, and hew down their Asherim, and burn their engraved images with fire. 6 For you are a holy people to Yahweh your God: Yahweh your God has chosen you to be a people for his own possession, above all peoples who are on the face of the earth. 7 Yahweh didn't set his love on you, nor choose you, because you were more in number than any people; for you were the fewest of all peoples: 8 but because Yahweh loves you, and because he would keep the oath which he swore to your fathers, has Yahweh brought you out with a mighty hand, and redeemed you out of the house of bondage, from the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt. 9 Know therefore that Yahweh your God, he is God, the faithful God, who keeps covenant and loving kindness with them who love him and keep his commandments to a thousand generations, 10 and repays those who hate him to their face, to destroy them: he will not be slack to him who hates him, he will repay him to his face. 11 You shall therefore keep the commandment, and the statutes, and the ordinances, which I command you this day, to do them. 12 It shall happen, because you listen to these ordinances, and keep and do them, that Yahweh your God will keep with you the covenant and the loving kindness which he swore to your fathers: 13 and he will love you, and bless you, and multiply you; he will also bless the fruit of your body and the fruit of your ground, your grain and your new wine and your oil, the increase of your cattle and the young of your flock, in the land which he swore to your fathers to give you. 14 You shall be blessed above all peoples: there shall not be male or female barren among you, or among your cattle. 15 Yahweh will take away from you all sickness; and none of the evil diseases of Egypt, which you know, will he put on you, but will lay them on all those who hate you. 16 You shall consume all the peoples who Yahweh your God shall deliver to you; your eye shall not pity them: neither shall you serve their gods; for that will be a snare to you.
• Deut 7:24 : 24 He will deliver their kings into your hand, and you shall make their name to perish from under the sky: there shall no man be able to stand before you, until you have destroyed them.
• Deut 20:16-17 : 16 But of the cities of these peoples, that Yahweh your God gives you for an inheritance, you shall save alive nothing that breathes; 17 but you shall utterly destroy them: the Hittite, and the Amorite, the Canaanite, and the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite; as Yahweh your God has commanded you;
• Deut 26:16-17 : 16 This day Yahweh your God commands you to do these statutes and ordinances: you shall therefore keep and do them with all your heart, and with all your soul. 17 You have declared Yahweh this day to be your God, and that you would walk in his ways, and keep his statutes, and his commandments, and his ordinances, and listen to his voice:
• Josh 6:17 : 17 The city shall be devoted, even it and all that is therein, to Yahweh: only Rahab the prostitute shall live, she and all who are with her in the house, because she hid the messengers that we sent.
• Josh 8:2 : 2 You shall do to Ai and her king as you did to Jericho and her king: only the spoil of it, and the cattle of it, shall you take for a prey to yourselves: set you an ambush for the city behind it.
• Josh 8:27 : 27 Only the cattle and the spoil of that city Israel took for prey to themselves, according to the word of Yahweh which he commanded Joshua.
• Josh 9:24 : 24 They answered Joshua, and said, Because it was certainly told your servants, how that Yahweh your God commanded his servant Moses to give you all the land, and to destroy all the inhabitants of the land from before you; therefore we were sore afraid for our lives because of you, and have done this thing.
• Josh 10:35 : 35 and they took it on that day, and struck it with the edge of the sword; and all the souls who were therein he utterly destroyed that day, according to all that he had done to Lachish.
• Josh 10:37 : 37 and they took it, and struck it with the edge of the sword, and the king of it, and all the cities of it, and all the souls who were therein; he left none remaining, according to all that he had done to Eglon; but he utterly destroyed it, and all the souls who were therein.
• Josh 12:8 : 8 in the hill-country, and in the lowland, and in the Arabah, and in the slopes, and in the wilderness, and in the South; the Hittite, the Amorite, and the Canaanite, the Perizzite, the Hivite, and the Jebusite:
• Josh 15:21-63 : 21 The uttermost cities of the tribe of the children of Judah toward the border of Edom in the South were Kabzeel, and Eder, and Jagur, 22 and Kinah, and Dimonah, and Adadah, 23 and Kedesh, and Hazor, and Ithnan, 24 Ziph, and Telem, and Bealoth, 25 Hazor Hadattah, Kerioth, Hezron (the same is Hazor), 26 Amam, and Shema, and Moladah, 27 and Hazar Gaddah, and Heshmon, and Beth Pelet, 28 and Hazar Shual, and Beersheba, and Biziothiah, 29 Baalah, and Iim, and Ezem, 30 and Eltolad, and Chesil, and Hormah, 31 and Ziklag, and Madmannah, and Sansannah, 32 and Lebaoth, and Shilhim, and Ain, and Rimmon: all the cities are twenty-nine, with their villages. 33 In the lowland, Eshtaol, and Zorah, and Ashnah, 34 and Zanoah, and En Gannim, Tappuah, and Enam, 35 Jarmuth, and Adullam, Socoh, and Azekah, 36 and Shaaraim, and Adithaim, and Gederah, and Gederothaim; fourteen cities with their villages. 37 Zenan, and Hadashah, and Migdal-gad, 38 and Dilean, and Mizpeh, and Joktheel, 39 Lachish, and Bozkath, and Eglon, 40 and Cabbon, and Lahmam, and Chitlish, 41 and Gederoth, Beth Dagon, and Naamah, and Makkedah; sixteen cities with their villages. 42 Libnah, and Ether, and Ashan, 43 and Iphtah, and Ashnah, and Nezib, 44 and Keilah, and Achzib, and Mareshah; nine cities with their villages. 45 Ekron, with its towns and its villages; 46 from Ekron even to the sea, all that were by the side of Ashdod, with their villages. 47 Ashdod, its towns and its villages; Gaza, its towns and its villages; to the brook of Egypt, and the great sea, and the border [of it]. 48 In the hill-country, Shamir, and Jattir, and Socoh, 49 and Dannah, and Kiriath Sannah (the same is Debir), 50 and Anab, and Eshtemoh, and Anim, 51 and Goshen, and Holon, and Giloh; eleven cities with their villages. 52 Arab, and Dumah, and Eshan, 53 and Janim, and Beth Tappuah, and Aphekah, 54 and Humtah, and Kiriath Arba (the same is Hebron), and Zior; nine cities with their villages. 55 Maon, Carmel, and Ziph, and Jutah, 56 and Jezreel, and Jokdeam, and Zanoah, 57 Kain, Gibeah, and Timnah; ten cities with their villages. 58 Halhul, Beth Zur, and Gedor, 59 and Maarath, and Beth Anoth, and Eltekon; six cities with their villages. 60 Kiriath Baal (the same is Kiriath Jearim), and Rabbah; two cities with their villages. 61 In the wilderness, Beth Arabah, Middin, and Secacah, 62 and Nibshan, and the City of Salt, and En Gedi; six cities with their villages. 63 As for the Jebusites, the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the children of Judah couldn't drive them out: but the Jebusites dwell with the children of Judah at Jerusalem to this day.
• Josh 18:21-19:8 : 21 Now the cities of the tribe of the children of Benjamin according to their families were Jericho, and Beth Hoglah, and Emek Keziz, 22 and Beth Arabah, and Zemaraim, and Bethel, 23 and Avvim, and Parah, and Ophrah, 24 and Chephar Ammoni, and Ophni, and Geba; twelve cities with their villages: 25 Gibeon, and Ramah, and Beeroth, 26 and Mizpeh, and Chephirah, and Mozah, 27 and Rekem, and Irpeel, and Taralah, 28 and Zelah, Eleph, and the Jebusite (the same is Jerusalem), Gibeath, [and] Kiriath; fourteen cities with their villages. This is the inheritance of the children of Benjamin according to their families. 1 The second lot came out for Simeon, even for the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families: and their inheritance was in the midst of the inheritance of the children of Judah. 2 They had for their inheritance Beersheba, or Sheba, and Moladah, 3 and Hazar Shual, and Balah, and Ezem, 4 and Eltolad, and Bethul, and Hormah, 5 and Ziklag, and Beth Marcaboth, and Hazar Susah, 6 and Beth Lebaoth, and Sharuhen; thirteen cities with their villages: 7 Ain, Rimmon, and Ether, and Ashan; four cities with their villages: 8 and all the villages that were round about these cities to Baalath Beer, Ramah of the South. This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Simeon according to their families.
• Josh 19:40-48 : 40 The seventh lot came out for the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families. 41 The border of their inheritance was Zorah, and Eshtaol, and Irshemesh, 42 and Shaalabbin, and Aijalon, and Ithlah, 43 and Elon, and Timnah, and Ekron, 44 and Eltekeh, and Gibbethon, and Baalath, 45 and Jehud, and Bene-berak, and Gath-rimmon, 46 and Me-jarkon, and Rakkon, with the border over against Joppa. 47 The border of the children of Dan went out beyond them; for the children of Dan went up and fought against Leshem, and took it, and struck it with the edge of the sword, and possessed it, and lived therein, and called Leshem, Dan, after the name of Dan their father. 48 This is the inheritance of the tribe of the children of Dan according to their families, these cities with their villages.
• 1 Kgs 15:29 : 29 It happened that, as soon as he was king, he struck all the house of Jeroboam: he didn't leave to Jeroboam any who breathed, until he had destroyed him; according to the saying of Yahweh, which he spoke by his servant Ahijah the Shilonite;
• Ps 9:17 : 17 The wicked shall be turned back to Sheol, Even all the nations that forget God.
• 2 Thess 1:7-9 : 7 and to give relief to you that are afflicted with us, when the Lord Jesus is revealed from heaven with his mighty angels in flaming fire, 8 giving vengeance to those who don't know God, and to those who don't obey the Gospel of our Lord Jesus, 9 who will pay the penalty: eternal destruction from the face of the Lord and from the glory of his might,
• Exod 23:31-33 : 31 I will set your border from the Red Sea even to the sea of the Philistines, and from the wilderness to the River; for I will deliver the inhabitants of the land into your hand, and you shall drive them out before you. 32 You shall make no covenant with them, nor with their gods. 33 They shall not dwell in your land, lest they make you sin against me, for if you serve their gods, it will surely be a snare to you."
• Exod 34:12 : 12 Be careful, lest you make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land where you are going, lest it be for a snare in the midst of you:
• Deut 1:7 : 7 turn you, and take your journey, and go to the hill-country of the Amorites, and to all [the places] near thereunto, in the Arabah, in the hill-country, and in the lowland, and in the South, and by the sea-shore, the land of the Canaanites, and Lebanon, as far as the great river, the river Euphrates.