Leviticus 19:18

Webster's Bible (1833)

You shall not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of your people; but you shall love your neighbor as yourself. I am Yahweh.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

לֹֽא־תִקֹּ֤ם וְלֹֽא־תִטֹּר֙ אֶת־בְּנֵ֣י עַמֶּ֔ךָ וְאָֽהַבְתָּ֥ לְרֵעֲךָ֖ כָּמ֑וֹךָ אֲנִ֖י יְהוָֽה

Transliteration

lōʾ-ṯiqqōm wə-lōʾ-ṯiṭṭōr ʾeṯ-bənê ʿammeḵā wə-ʾāhaḇtā lərēʿăḵā kāmôḵā ʾănî YHWH

Grammar Details

• *lōʾ*: negative particle - not
• *ṯiqqōm*: Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall take vengeance
• *wə-lōʾ*: conjunction + negative particle - and not
• *ṯiṭṭōr*: Qal imperfect, 2nd masculine singular - you shall bear a grudge
• *ʾeṯ*: direct object marker
• *bənê*: noun, masculine plural construct - sons/children of
• *ʿammeḵā*: noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your people
• *wə-ʾāhaḇtā*: conjunction + Qal perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you shall love
• *lərēʿăḵā*: preposition + noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - to your neighbor
• *kāmôḵā*: preposition + 2nd masculine singular suffix - as yourself
• *ʾănî*: 1st person singular independent pronoun - I
• *YHWH*: proper noun - the LORD

Word Meanings

• *ṯiqqōm*: take vengeance/avenge
• *ṯiṭṭōr*: bear a grudge/harbor resentment/keep anger
• *ʾāhaḇtā*: love/have affection for

Referenced Verses

• Rom 12:19 : 19 Don't seek revenge yourselves, beloved, but give place to God's wrath. For it is written, "Vengeance belongs to me; I will repay, says the Lord."
• Rom 13:9 : 9 For the commandments, "You shall not commit adultery," "You shall not murder," "You shall not steal," "You shall not give false testimony," "You shall not covet,"{TR adds "You shall not give false testimony,"} and whatever other commandments there are, are all summed up in this saying, namely, "You shall love your neighbor as yourself."
• Gal 5:14 : 14 For the whole law is fulfilled in one word, in this: "You shall love your neighbor as yourself."
• Jas 2:8 : 8 However, if you fulfill the royal law, according to the Scripture, "You shall love your neighbor as yourself," you do well.
• Matt 19:19 : 19 'Honor your father and mother.' And, 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself.'"
• Prov 20:22 : 22 Don't say, "I will pay back evil." Wait for Yahweh, and he will save you.
• Rom 13:4 : 4 for he is a servant of God to you for good. But if you do that which is evil, be afraid, for he doesn't bear the sword in vain; for he is a minister of God, an avenger for wrath to him who does evil.
• Rom 12:17 : 17 Repay no one evil for evil. Respect what is honorable in the sight of all men.
• Luke 10:27-37 : 27 He answered, "You shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, with all your soul, with all your strength, and with all your mind; and your neighbor as yourself." 28 He said to him, "You have answered correctly. Do this, and you will live." 29 But he, desiring to justify himself, asked Jesus, "Who is my neighbor?" 30 Jesus answered, "A certain man was going down from Jerusalem to Jericho, and he fell among robbers, who both stripped him and beat him, and departed, leaving him half dead. 31 By chance a certain priest was going down that way. When he saw him, he passed by on the other side. 32 In the same way a Levite also, when he came to the place, and saw him, passed by on the other side. 33 But a certain Samaritan, as he traveled, came where he was. When he saw him, he was moved with compassion, 34 came to him, and bound up his wounds, pouring on oil and wine. He set him on his own animal, and brought him to an inn, and took care of him. 35 On the next day, when he departed, he took out two denarii, and gave them to the host, and said to him, 'Take care of him. Whatever you spend beyond that, I will repay you when I return.' 36 Now which of these three do you think seemed to be a neighbor to him who fell among the robbers?" 37 He said, "He who showed mercy on him." Then Jesus said to him, "Go and do likewise."
• Gal 5:20 : 20 idolatry, sorcery, hatred, strife, jealousies, outbursts of anger, rivalries, divisions, heresies,
• Eph 4:31 : 31 Let all bitterness, wrath, anger, outcry, and slander, be put away from you, with all malice.
• Matt 5:43-44 : 43 "You have heard that it was said, 'You shall love your neighbor, and hate your enemy.' 44 But I tell you, love your enemies, bless those who curse you, do good to those who hate you, and pray for those who mistreat you and persecute you,
• Matt 19:16 : 16 Behold, one came to him and said, "Good teacher, what good thing shall I do, that I may have eternal life?"
• Matt 22:39-40 : 39 A second likewise is this, 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself.' 40 The whole law and the prophets depend on these two commandments."
• Exod 23:4-5 : 4 "If you meet your enemy's ox or his donkey going astray, you shall surely bring it back to him again. 5 If you see the donkey of him who hates you fallen down under his burden, don't leave him, you shall surely help him with it.
• Deut 32:25 : 25 Outside shall the sword bereave, In the chambers terror; [It shall destroy] both young man and virgin, The suckling with the man of gray hairs.
• 2 Sam 13:22 : 22 Absalom spoke to Amnon neither good nor bad; for Absalom hated Amnon, because he had forced his sister Tamar.
• 2 Sam 13:28 : 28 Absalom commanded his servants, saying, Mark you now, when Amnon's heart is merry with wine; and when I tell you, Smite Amnon, then kill him; don't be afraid; haven't I commanded you? be courageous, and be valiant.
• Heb 10:30 : 30 For we know him who said, "Vengeance belongs to me," says the Lord, "I will repay." Again, "The Lord will judge his people."
• 1 Pet 2:1 : 1 Putting away therefore all wickedness, all deceit, hypocrisies, envies, and all evil speaking,
• Mark 12:31-34 : 31 The second is like this, 'You shall love your neighbor as yourself.' There is no other commandment greater than these." 32 The scribe said to him, "Truly, teacher, you have said well that he is one, and there is none other but he, 33 and to love him with all the heart, and with all the understanding, with all the soul, and with all the strength, and to love his neighbor as himself, is more important than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices." 34 When Jesus saw that he answered wisely, he said to him, "You are not far from the Kingdom of God." No one dared ask him any question after that.
• Col 3:8 : 8 but now you also put them all away: anger, wrath, malice, slander, and shameful speaking out of your mouth.