Zechariah 3:1

Webster's Bible (1833)

He showed me Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of Yahweh, and Satan standing at his right hand to be his adversary.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיַּרְאֵ֗נִי אֶת־יְהוֹשֻׁ֙עַ֙ הַכֹּהֵ֣ן הַגָּד֔וֹל עֹמֵ֕ד לִפְנֵ֖י מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֑ה וְהַשָּׂטָ֛ן עֹמֵ֥ד עַל־יְמִינ֖וֹ לְשִׂטְנֽוֹ׃

Transliteration

And wayyarʾēnî me ʾēt-Yəhôšuaʿ the kōhēn the gādôl ʿōmēd before malʾaḵ YHWH and the śāṭān ʿōmēd at his right to śāṭan him.

Grammar Details

• *wayyarʾēnî*: Hiphil imperfect waw-consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular with 1st person suffix - he showed me
• *ʾēt*: Direct object marker
• *Yəhôšuaʿ*: Proper name, Joshua
• *kōhēn*: Noun, masculine singular construct - priest
• *gādôl*: Adjective, masculine singular - great/high
• *ʿōmēd*: Qal active participle, masculine singular - standing
• *malʾaḵ*: Noun, masculine singular construct - messenger/angel
• *YHWH*: Divine name, tetragrammaton
• *śāṭān*: Noun, masculine singular with definite article - the adversary/accuser
• *śāṭan*: Qal infinitive construct with preposition lamed and 3rd person masculine singular suffix - to accuse/oppose him

Word Meanings

• *ʿōmēd*: standing/positioned/present
• *malʾaḵ*: messenger/angel/representative
• *śāṭān*: adversary/accuser/opponent
• *śāṭan*: to accuse/to oppose/to resist

Referenced Verses

• Ps 109:6 : 6 Set a wicked man over him. Let an adversary stand at his right hand.
• Zech 6:11 : 11 Yes, take silver and gold, and make crowns, and set them on the head of Joshua the son of Jehozadak, the high priest;
• Hag 1:1 : 1 In the second year of Darius the king, in the sixth month, in the first day of the month, the Word of Yahweh came by Haggai, the prophet, to Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, governor of Judah, and to Joshua, the son of Jehozadak, the high priest, saying,
• Ezra 5:2 : 2 Then rose up Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua the son of Jozadak, and began to build the house of God which is at Jerusalem; and with them were the prophets of God, helping them.
• Job 1:6-9 : 6 Now it happened on the day when the sons of God came to present themselves before Yahweh, that Satan also came among them. 7 Yahweh said to Satan, "Where have you come from?" Then Satan answered Yahweh, and said, "From going back and forth in the earth, and from walking up and down in it." 8 Yahweh said to Satan, "Have you considered my servant, Job? For there is none like him in the earth, a blameless and an upright man, one who fears God, and turns away from evil." 9 Then Satan answered Yahweh, and said, "Does Job fear God for nothing? 10 Haven't you made a hedge around him, and around his house, and around all that he has, on every side? You have blessed the work of his hands, and his substance is increased in the land. 11 But put forth your hand now, and touch all that he has, and he will renounce you to your face." 12 Yahweh said to Satan, "Behold, all that he has is in your power. Only on himself don't put forth your hand." So Satan went forth from the presence of Yahweh.
• Job 2:1-8 : 1 Again it happened on the day when the sons of God came to present themselves before Yahweh, that Satan came also among them to present himself before Yahweh. 2 Yahweh said to Satan, "Where have you come from?" Satan answered Yahweh, and said, "From going back and forth in the earth, and from walking up and down in it." 3 Yahweh said to Satan, "Have you considered my servant Job? For there is none like him in the earth, a blameless and an upright man, one who fears God, and turns away from evil. He still maintains his integrity, although you incited me against him, to ruin him without cause." 4 Satan answered Yahweh, and said, "Skin for skin. Yes, all that a man has will he give for his life. 5 But put forth your hand now, and touch his bone and his flesh, and he will renounce you to your face." 6 Yahweh said to Satan, "Behold, he is in your hand. Only spare his life." 7 So Satan went forth from the presence of Yahweh, and struck Job with painful sores from the sole of his foot to his head. 8 He took for himself a potsherd to scrape himself with, and he sat among the ashes.
• Ps 106:23 : 23 Therefore he said that he would destroy them, Had Moses, his chosen, not stood before him in the breach, To turn away his wrath, so that he wouldn't destroy them.
• Jer 15:19 : 19 Therefore thus says Yahweh, If you return, then will I bring you again, that you may stand before me; and if you take forth the precious from the vile, you shall be as my mouth: they shall return to you, but you shall not return to them.
• Ezek 44:11 : 11 Yet they shall be ministers in my sanctuary, having oversight at the gates of the house, and ministering in the house: they shall kill the burnt offering and the sacrifice for the people, and they shall stand before them to minister to them.
• Ezek 44:15 : 15 But the priests the Levites, the sons of Zadok, who kept the charge of my sanctuary when the children of Israel went astray from me, they shall come near to me to minister to me; and they shall stand before me to offer to me the fat and the blood, says the Lord Yahweh:
• Hos 12:4-5 : 4 Indeed, he had power over the angel, and prevailed; He wept, and made supplication to him. He found him at Bethel, and there he spoke with us, 5 Even Yahweh, the God of hosts; Yahweh is his name of renown!
• Gen 3:15 : 15 I will put enmity between you and the woman, and between your offspring and her offspring. He will bruise your head, and you will bruise his heel."
• Gen 48:16 : 16 the angel who has redeemed me from all evil, bless the lads, and let my name be named on them, and the name of my fathers Abraham and Isaac. Let them grow into a multitude in the midst of the earth."
• Exod 3:2-6 : 2 The angel of Yahweh appeared to him in a flame of fire out of the midst of a bush. He looked, and behold, the bush burned with fire, and the bush was not consumed. 3 Moses said, I will turn aside now, and see this great sight, why the bush is not burnt. 4 When Yahweh saw that he turned aside to see, God called to him out of the midst of the bush, and said, "Moses! Moses!" He said, "Here I am." 5 He said, "Don't come close. Take off your sandals from off your feet, for the place you are standing on is holy ground." 6 Moreover he said, "I am the God of your father, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob." Moses hid his face; for he was afraid to look at God.
• Exod 23:20-21 : 20 "Behold, I send an angel before you, to keep you by the way, and to bring you into the place which I have prepared. 21 Pay attention to him, and listen to his voice. Don't provoke him, for he will not pardon your disobedience, for my name is in him.
• Deut 10:8 : 8 At that time Yahweh set apart the tribe of Levi, to bear the ark of the covenant of Yahweh, to stand before Yahweh to minister to him, and to bless in his name, to this day.
• Deut 18:15 : 15 Yahweh your God will raise up to you a prophet from the midst of you, of your brothers, like me; to him you shall listen;
• 1 Sam 6:20 : 20 The men of Beth-shemesh said, Who is able to stand before Yahweh, this holy God? and to whom shall he go up from us?
• 1 Chr 21:1 : 1 Satan stood up against Israel, and moved David to number Israel.
• 2 Chr 29:11 : 11 My sons, don't be negligent now; for Yahweh has chosen you to stand before him, to minister to him, and that you should be his ministers, and burn incense.
• Hag 1:12 : 12 Then Zerubbabel, the son of Shealtiel, and Joshua, the son of Jehozadak, the high priest, with all the remnant of the people, obeyed the voice of Yahweh, their God, and the words of Haggai, the prophet, as Yahweh, their God, had sent him; and the people feared Yahweh.
• Hag 2:4 : 4 Yet now be strong, Zerubbabel,' says Yahweh. 'Be strong, Joshua, son of Jehozadak, the high priest. Be strong, all you people of the land,' says Yahweh, 'and work, for I am with you,' says Yahweh of Hosts.
• Zech 1:9 : 9 Then I asked, 'My lord, what are these?'" The angel who talked with me said to me, "I will show you what these are."
• Zech 1:13 : 13 Yahweh answered the angel who talked with me with kind and comforting words.
• Zech 1:19 : 19 I asked the angel who talked with me, "What are these?" He answered me, "These are the horns which have scattered Judah, Israel, and Jerusalem."
• Zech 2:3 : 3 Behold, the angel who talked with me went forth, and another angel went out to meet him,
• Zech 3:8 : 8 Hear now, Joshua the high priest, you and your fellows who sit before you; for they are men who are a sign: for, behold, I will bring forth my servant, the Branch.
• Mal 3:1 : 1 "Behold, I send my messenger, and he will prepare the way before me; and the Lord, whom you seek, will suddenly come to his temple; and the messenger of the covenant, whom you desire, behold, he comes!" says Yahweh of hosts.
• Luke 21:36 : 36 Therefore be watchful all the time, asking that you may be counted worthy to escape all these things that will happen, and to stand before the Son of Man."
• Luke 22:31 : 31 The Lord said, "Simon, Simon, behold, Satan asked to have you, that he might sift you as wheat,
• Acts 7:30-38 : 30 "When forty years were fulfilled, an angel of the Lord appeared to him in the wilderness of Mount Sinai, in a flame of fire in a bush. 31 When Moses saw it, he wondered at the sight. As he came close to see, a voice of the Lord came to him, 32 'I am the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob.' Moses trembled, and dared not look. 33 The Lord said to him, 'Take your sandals off of your feet, for the place where you stand is holy ground. 34 I have surely seen the affliction of my people that is in Egypt, and have heard their groaning. I have come down to deliver them. Now come, I will send you into Egypt.' 35 "This Moses, whom they refused, saying, 'Who made you a ruler and a judge?'--God has sent him as both a ruler and a deliverer by the hand of the angel who appeared to him in the bush. 36 This man led them out, having worked wonders and signs in Egypt, in the Red Sea, and in the wilderness for forty years. 37 This is that Moses, who said to the children of Israel, 'The Lord our God will raise up a prophet for you from among your brothers, like me.{TR adds "You shall listen to him."}' 38 This is he who was in the assembly in the wilderness with the angel that spoke to him on Mount Sinai, and with our fathers, who received living oracles to give to us,
• 1 Pet 5:8 : 8 Be sober and self-controlled. Be watchful. Your adversary the devil, walks around like a roaring lion, seeking whom he may devour.
• Rev 12:9-9 : 9 The great dragon was thrown down, the old serpent, he who is called the devil and Satan, the deceiver of the whole world. He was thrown down to the earth, and his angels were thrown down with him. 10 I heard a loud voice in heaven, saying, "Now is come the salvation, the power, and the Kingdom of our God, and the authority of his Christ; for the accuser of our brothers has been thrown down, who accuses them before our God day and night.