Genesis 14:1

Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

And it cometh to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Shinar, Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of Elam, and Tidal king of Goyim,

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיְהִ֗י בִּימֵי֙ אַמְרָפֶ֣ל מֶֽלֶךְ־שִׁנְעָ֔ר אַרְי֖וֹךְ מֶ֣לֶךְ אֶלָּסָ֑ר כְּדָרְלָעֹ֙מֶר֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ עֵילָ֔ם וְתִדְעָ֖ל מֶ֥לֶךְ גּוֹיִֽם׃

Transliteration

wə-yəhî in yəmê ʾamrāp̄el melek-šinʿār ʾaryôk melek ʾellāsār kədārlāʿōmer melek ʿêlām wə-ṯiḏʿāl melek gôyim

Grammar Details

• *wə-yəhî*: consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and it came to pass/and it happened
• *yəmê*: construct plural of *yôm* - days of
• *ʾamrāp̄el*: proper noun, king's name
• *melek*: construct state noun, masculine singular - king of
• *šinʿār*: proper noun, place name (Shinar/Babylon)
• *ʾaryôk*: proper noun, king's name
• *ʾellāsār*: proper noun, place name
• *kədārlāʿōmer*: proper noun, king's name
• *ʿêlām*: proper noun, place name (Elam)
• *wə-ṯiḏʿāl*: conjunction + proper noun, king's name
• *gôyim*: common noun, masculine plural - nations/gentiles

Word Meanings

• *wə-yəhî*: and it happened/and it came to pass/and it was
• *šinʿār*: Shinar/Babylon/Sumer
• *gôyim*: nations/gentiles/peoples

Referenced Verses

• Gen 10:10 : 10 And the first part of his kingdom is Babel, and Erech, and Accad, and Calneh, in the land of Shinar;
• Gen 10:22 : 22 Sons of Shem `are' Elam, and Asshur, and Arphaxad, and Lud, and Aram.
• Gen 11:2 : 2 and it cometh to pass, in their journeying from the east, that they find a valley in the land of Shinar, and dwell there;
• Isa 11:11 : 11 And it hath come to pass, in that day, The Lord addeth a second time his power, To get the remnant of His people that is left, From Asshur, and from Egypt, And from Pathros, and from Cush, And from Elam, and from Shinar, And from Hamath, and from isles of the sea,
• Isa 21:2 : 2 A hard vision hath been declared to me, The treacherous dealer is dealing treacherously, And the destroyer is destroying. Go up, O Elam, besiege, O Media, All its sighing I have caused to cease.
• Isa 22:6 : 6 And Elam hath borne a quiver, In a chariot of men -- horsemen, And Kir hath exposed a shield.
• Isa 37:12 : 12 Did the gods of the nations deliver them whom my fathers destroyed -- Gozan, and Haran, and Rezeph, and the sons of Eden, who `are' in Telassar?
• Jer 25:25 : 25 And all the kings of Zimri, And all the kings of Elam, And all the kings of Media,
• Jer 49:34-39 : 34 That which hath been the word of Jehovah unto Jeremiah the prophet concerning Elam, in the beginning of the reign of Zedekiah king of Judah, saying: 35 `Thus said Jehovah of Hosts: Lo, I am breaking the bow of Elam, The beginning of their might. 36 And I have brought in to Elam four winds, From the four ends of the heavens, And have scattered them to all these winds, And there is no nation whither outcasts of Elam come not in. 37 And I have affrighted Elam before their enemies, And before those seeking their life, And I have brought in against them evil, The heat of Mine anger, An affirmation of Jehovah, And I have sent after them the sword, Till I have consumed them; 38 And I have set My throne in Elam, And I have destroyed thence King and princes -- an affirmation of Jehovah. 39 And it hath come to pass, in the latter end of the days, I turn back `to' the captivity of Elam, An affirmation of Jehovah!'
• Ezek 32:24 : 24 There `is' Elam, and all her multitude, Round about `is' her grave, All of them wounded, who are falling by sword, Who have gone down uncircumcised unto the earth -- the lower parts, Because they gave their terror in the land of the living, And they bear their shame with those going down to the pit.
• Dan 1:2 : 2 and the Lord giveth into his hand Jehoiakim king of Judah, and some of the vessels of the house of God, and he bringeth them in `to' the land of Shinar, `to' the house of his god, and the vessels he hath brought in `to' the treasure-house of his god.
• Zech 5:11 : 11 And he saith unto me, `To build to it a house in the land of Shinar.' And it hath been prepared and hath been placed there on its base.