Genesis 2:3

Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

And God blesseth the seventh day, and sanctifieth it, for in it He hath ceased from all His work which God had prepared for making.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיְבָ֤רֶךְ אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־י֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֔י וַיְקַדֵּ֖שׁ אֹת֑וֹ כִּ֣י ב֤וֹ שָׁבַת֙ מִכָּל־מְלַאכְתּ֔וֹ אֲשֶׁר־בָּרָ֥א אֱלֹהִ֖ים לַעֲשֽׂוֹת׃ פ

Transliteration

wə-yəḇāreḵ ʾĕlōhîm ʾeṯ-yôm haššəḇîʿî wə-yəqaddēš ʾōṯô kî ḇô šāḇaṯ from-all-məlaʾḵtô which-bārāʾ ʾĕlōhîm laʿăśôṯ

Grammar Details

• *wə-yəḇāreḵ*: waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he blessed
• *ʾĕlōhîm*: noun, masculine, plural (with singular meaning) - God
• *ʾeṯ*: direct object marker
• *yôm*: noun, masculine, singular - day
• *haššəḇîʿî*: definite article + ordinal number, masculine, singular - the seventh
• *wə-yəqaddēš*: waw consecutive + Piel imperfect, 3rd singular masculine - and he sanctified/made holy
• *ʾōṯô*: direct object marker + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - it/him
• *kî*: conjunction - because/for
• *ḇô*: preposition + 3rd person masculine singular suffix - in it
• *šāḇaṯ*: Qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - he rested/ceased
• *məlaʾḵtô*: noun, feminine, singular + 3rd person masculine singular possessive suffix - his work
• *bārāʾ*: Qal perfect, 3rd singular masculine - he created
• *laʿăśôṯ*: preposition + Qal infinitive construct - to make/to do

Word Meanings

• *yəḇāreḵ*: blessed/commended/favored
• *yəqaddēš*: sanctified/made holy/consecrated/set apart
• *šāḇaṯ*: rested/ceased/desisted
• *bārāʾ*: created/brought into existence
• *laʿăśôṯ*: to make/to do/to perform/to accomplish

Referenced Verses

• Lev 23:3 : 3 six days is work done, and in the seventh day `is' a sabbath of rest, a holy convocation; ye do no work; it `is' a sabbath to Jehovah in all your dwellings.
• Mark 2:27 : 27 And he said to them, `The sabbath for man was made, not man for the sabbath,
• Isa 58:13-14 : 13 If thou dost turn from the sabbath thy foot, Doing thine own pleasure on My holy day, And hast cried to the sabbath, `A delight,' To the holy of Jehovah, `Honoured,' And hast honoured it, without doing thine own ways, Without finding thine own pleasure, And speaking a word. 14 Then dost thou delight thyself on Jehovah, And I have caused thee to ride on high places of earth, And have caused thee to eat the inheritance of Jacob thy father, For the mouth of Jehovah hath spoken!
• Jer 17:21-27 : 21 Thus said Jehovah, Take ye heed to yourselves, And ye bear not a burden on the day of rest, Nor have ye brought `it' in by the gates of Jerusalem. 22 Nor do ye take out a burden from your houses on the day of rest, Yea, any work ye do not do, And ye have sanctified the day of rest, As I have commanded your fathers. 23 And they have not hearkened nor inclined their ear, And they stiffen their neck not to hear, And not to receive instruction. 24 And it hath been, if ye certainly hearken unto Me, An affirmation of Jehovah, So as not to bring in a burden By the gates of this city on the day of rest, And to sanctify the day of rest, So as not to do in it any work -- 25 Then entered by the gates of this city have kings and princes, Sitting on the throne of David, Riding in a chariot, and on horses, They, and their princes, the man of Judah, And inhabitants of Jerusalem, And this city hath remained to the age. 26 And they have come in from cities of Judah, And from suburbs of Jerusalem, And from the land of Benjamin, And from the low country, And from the hill-country, and from the south, Bringing in burnt-offering, and sacrifice, And present, and frankincense, And bringing praise `to' the house of Jehovah. 27 And if ye do not hearken unto me to sanctify the day of rest, And so as not to bear a burden, And to come in at the gates of Jerusalem on the day of rest, Then I have kindled a fire in its gates, And it hath consumed the high places of Jerusalem, And it is not quenched!'
• Ezek 20:12 : 12 And also My sabbaths I have given to them, To be for a sign between Me and them, To know that I `am' Jehovah their sanctifier.
• Luke 23:56 : 56 and having turned back, they made ready spices and ointments, and on the sabbath, indeed, they rested, according to the command.
• Heb 4:4-9 : 4 for He spake in a certain place concerning the seventh `day' thus: `And God did rest in the seventh day from all His works;' 5 and in this `place' again, `If they shall enter into My rest -- ;' 6 since then, it remaineth for certain to enter into it, and those who did first hear good news entered not in because of unbelief -- 7 again He doth limit a certain day, `To-day,' (in David saying, after so long a time,) as it hath been said, `To-day, if His voice ye may hear, ye may not harden your hearts,' 8 for if Joshua had given them rest, He would not concerning another day have spoken after these things; 9 there doth remain, then, a sabbatic rest to the people of God, 10 for he who did enter into his rest, he also rested from his works, as God from His own.
• Lev 25:2-3 : 2 `Speak unto the sons of Israel, and thou hast said unto them, When ye come in unto the land which I am giving to you, then hath the land kept a sabbath to Jehovah. 3 `Six years thou dost sow thy field, and six years thou dost prune thy vineyard, and hast gathered its increase,
• Deut 5:12-14 : 12 `Observe the day of the sabbath -- to sanctify it, as Jehovah thy God hath commanded thee; 13 six days thou dost labour, and hast done all thy work, 14 and the seventh day `is' a sabbath to Jehovah thy God; thou dost not do any work, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, and thy man-servant, and thy handmaid, and thine ox, and thine ass, and all thy cattle, and thy sojourner who `is' within thy gates; so that thy man-servant, and thy handmaid doth rest like thyself;
• Neh 9:14 : 14 And Thy holy sabbath Thou hast made known to them, and commands, and statutes, and law, Thou hast commanded for them, by the hand of Moses Thy servant;
• Neh 13:15-22 : 15 In those days I have seen in Judah those treading wine-vats on sabbath, and bringing in the sheaves, and lading on the asses, and also, wine, grapes, and figs, and every burden, yea, they are bringing in to Jerusalem on the sabbath-day, and I testify in the day of their selling provision. 16 And the Tyrians have dwelt in it, bringing in fish, and every ware, and selling on sabbath to the sons of Judah and in Jerusalem. 17 And I strive with the freemen of Judah, and say to them, `What `is' this evil thing that ye are doing, and polluting the sabbath-day? 18 Thus did not your fathers do? and our God bringeth in on us all this evil, and on this city, and ye are adding fierceness on Israel, to pollute the sabbath.' 19 And it cometh to pass, when the gates of Jerusalem have been dark before the sabbath, that I speak, and the doors are shut, and I say, that they do not open them till after the sabbath; and of my servants I have stationed at the gates; there doth not come in a burden on the sabbath-day. 20 And they lodge -- the merchants and sellers of all ware -- at the outside of Jerusalem, once or twice, 21 and I testify against them, and say unto them, `Wherefore are ye lodging over-against the wall? if ye repeat `it', a hand I put forth upon you;' from that time they have not come in on the sabbath. 22 And I say to the Levites, that they be cleansed, and, coming in, keeping the gates, to sanctify the sabbath-day. Also, this, remember for me, O my God, and have pity on me, according to the abundance of Thy kindness.
• Prov 10:22 : 22 The blessing of Jehovah -- it maketh rich, And He addeth no grief with it.
• Exod 16:22-30 : 22 And it cometh to pass on the sixth day, they have gathered a second bread, two omers for one, and all the princes of the company come in, and declare to Moses. 23 And he saith unto them, `It `is' that which Jehovah hath spoken `of'; a rest -- a holy sabbath to Jehovah -- `is' to-morrow; that which ye bake, bake; and that which ye boil, boil; and all that is over, let rest for yourselves in charge till the morning.' 24 And they let it rest until the morning, as Moses hath commanded, and it hath not stank, and a worm hath not been in it. 25 And Moses saith, `Eat it to-day, for to-day `is' a sabbath to Jehovah; to-day ye find it not in the field: 26 six days ye do gather it, and in the seventh day -- the sabbath -- in it there is none.' 27 And it cometh to pass on the seventh day, some of the people have gone out to gather, and have not found. 28 And Jehovah saith unto Moses, `How long have ye refused to keep My commands, and My laws? 29 see, because Jehovah hath given to you the sabbath, therefore He is giving to you on the sixth day bread of two days; abide ye each `in' his place, no one doth go out from his place on the seventh day.' 30 And the people rest on the seventh day,
• Exod 20:8-9 : 8 `Remember the Sabbath-day to sanctify it; 9 six days thou dost labour, and hast done all thy work, 10 and the seventh day `is' a Sabbath to Jehovah thy God; thou dost not do any work, thou, and thy son, and thy daughter, thy man-servant, and thy handmaid, and thy cattle, and thy sojourner who is within thy gates, -- 11 for six days hath Jehovah made the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that `is' in them, and resteth in the seventh day; therefore hath Jehovah blessed the Sabbath-day, and doth sanctify it.
• Exod 23:12 : 12 `Six days thou dost do thy work, and on the seventh day thou dost rest, so that thine ox and thine ass doth rest, and the son of thine handmaid and the sojourner is refreshed;
• Exod 31:13-17 : 13 `And thou, speak unto the sons of Israel, saying, Only, My sabbaths ye do keep, for it `is' a sign between Me and you, to your generations, to know that I, Jehovah, am sanctifying you; 14 and ye have kept the sabbath, for it `is' holy to you, he who is polluting it is certainly put to death -- for any who doeth work in it -- that person hath even been cut off from the midst of his people. 15 `Six days is work done, and in the seventh day `is' a sabbath of holy rest to Jehovah; any who doeth work in the sabbath-day is certainly put to death, 16 and the sons of Israel have observed the sabbath; to keep the sabbath to their generations `is' a covenant age-during, 17 between Me and the sons of Israel it `is' a sign -- to the age; for six days Jehovah made the heavens and the earth, and in the seventh day He hath ceased, and is refreshed.'
• Exod 34:21 : 21 `Six days thou dost work, and on the seventh day thou dost rest; in ploughing-time and in harvest thou dost rest.
• Exod 35:2-3 : 2 Six days is work done, and on the seventh day there is to you a holy `day', a sabbath of rest to Jehovah; any who doeth work in it is put to death; 3 ye do not burn a fire in any of your dwellings on the sabbath-day.'
• Isa 56:2-7 : 2 O the happiness of a man who doth this, And of a son of man who keepeth hold on it, Keeping the sabbath from polluting it, And keeping his hand from doing any evil. 3 Nor speak let a son of the stranger, Who is joined unto Jehovah, saying: `Jehovah doth certainly separate me from His people.' Nor say let the eunuch, `Lo, I am a tree dried up,' 4 For thus said Jehovah of the eunuchs, Who do keep My sabbaths, And have fixed on that which I desired, And are keeping hold on My covenant: 5 I have given to them in My house, And within My walls a station and a name, Better than sons and than daughters, A name age-during I give to him That is not cut off. 6 And sons of the stranger, who are joined to Jehovah, To serve Him, and to love the name of Jehovah, To be to Him for servants, Every keeper of the sabbath from polluting it, And those keeping hold on My covenant. 7 I have brought them unto My holy mountain, And caused them to rejoice in My house of prayer, Their burnt-offerings and their sacrifices `Are' for a pleasing thing on Mine altar, For My house, `A house of prayer,' Is called for all the peoples.