Isaiah 19:1

Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

The burden of Egypt. Lo, Jehovah is riding on a swift thick cloud, And He hath entered Egypt, And moved have been the idols of Egypt at His presence, And the heart of Egypt melteth in its midst.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

מַשָּׂ֖א מִצְרָ֑יִם הִנֵּ֨ה יְהוָ֜ה רֹכֵ֨ב עַל־עָ֥ב קַל֙ וּבָ֣א מִצְרַ֔יִם וְנָע֞וּ אֱלִילֵ֤י מִצְרַ֙יִם֙ מִפָּנָ֔יו וּלְבַ֥ב מִצְרַ֖יִם יִמַּ֥ס בְּקִרְבּֽוֹ׃

Transliteration

Maśśāʾ Miṣrāyim hinnēh YHWH rōḵēḇ upon-ʿāḇ qal and-bāʾ Miṣrayim and-nāʿû ʾĕlîlê Miṣrayim from-pānāyw and-lĕḇaḇ Miṣrayim yimmas in-qirbô

Grammar Details

• *Maśśāʾ*: construct noun, masculine singular - burden/oracle/utterance
• *Miṣrāyim*: proper noun, masculine dual/plural - Egypt
• *hinnēh*: interjection - behold/look
• *YHWH*: proper noun, divine name - Yahweh
• *rōḵēḇ*: participle, qal, masculine singular - riding
• *ʿāḇ*: noun, masculine singular - cloud/dark cloud
• *qal*: adjective, masculine singular - swift/light
• *bāʾ*: participle, qal, masculine singular - coming
• *nāʿû*: verb, qal perfect, 3rd person plural - shake/quake/totter
• *ʾĕlîlê*: noun, masculine plural construct - idols of
• *pānāyw*: noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his face/presence
• *lĕḇaḇ*: noun, masculine singular construct - heart of
• *yimmas*: verb, niphal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - will melt
• *qirbô*: noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - its midst

Word Meanings

• *Maśśāʾ*: burden/oracle/utterance/prophetic burden
• *rōḵēḇ*: riding/mounted upon
• *ʿāḇ*: thick cloud/dark cloud/rain cloud
• *qal*: swift/light/insignificant
• *nāʿû*: shake/quake/totter/tremble/be agitated
• *ʾĕlîlê*: idols/worthless things/vain things
• *lĕḇaḇ*: heart/inner person/mind/will
• *yimmas*: will melt/dissolve/become liquid/be discouraged

Referenced Verses

• Exod 12:12 : 12 and I have passed over through the land of Egypt during this night, and have smitten every first-born in the land of Egypt, from man even unto beast, and on all the gods of Egypt I do judgments; I `am' Jehovah.
• Josh 2:11 : 11 And we hear, and melt doth our heart, and there hath not stood any more spirit in `any' man, from your presence, for Jehovah your God, He `is' God in the heavens above, and on the earth beneath.
• Joel 3:19 : 19 Egypt a desolation becometh, And Edom a desolation, a wilderness, becometh, For violence `to' sons of Judah, Whose innocent blood they shed in their land.
• Rev 1:7 : 7 Lo, he doth come with the clouds, and see him shall every eye, even those who did pierce him, and wail because of him shall all the tribes of the land. Yes! Amen!
• Ezek 29:1-9 : 1 In the tenth year, in the tenth `month', in the twelfth of the month, hath a word of Jehovah been unto me, saying, 2 `Son of man, set thy face against Pharaoh king of Egypt, and prophesy concerning him, and concerning Egypt -- all of it. 3 Speak, and thou hast said: Thus said the Lord Jehovah: Lo, I `am' against thee, Pharaoh king of Egypt! The great dragon that is crouching in the midst of his floods, Who hath said, My flood `is' my own, And I -- I have made it `for' myself. 4 And I have put hooks in thy jaws, And I have caused the fish of thy floods to cleave to thy scales, And I have caused thee to come up from the midst of thy floods, And every fish of thy floods to thy scales doth cleave. 5 And I have left thee in the wilderness, Thou and every fish of thy floods, On the face of the field thou dost fall, Thou art not gathered nor assembled, To the beast of the earth and to the fowl of the heavens I have given thee for food. 6 And known have all inhabitants of Egypt That I `am' Jehovah, Because of their being a staff of reed to the house of Israel. 7 In their taking hold of thee by thy hand, -- thou art crushed, And hast rent to them all the shoulder, And in their leaning on thee thou art broken, And hast caused all their thighs to stand. 8 Therefore, thus said the Lord Jehovah: Lo, I am bringing in against thee a sword, And have cut off from thee man and beast. 9 And the land of Egypt hath been for a desolation and a waste, And they have known that I `am' Jehovah. Because he said: The flood `is' mine, and I made `it'. 10 Therefore, lo, I `am' against thee, and against thy floods, And have given the land of Egypt for wastes, A waste, a desolation, from Migdol to Syene, And unto the border of Cush. 11 Not pass over into it doth a foot of man, Yea, the foot of beast doth not pass into it, Nor is it inhabited forty years. 12 And I have made the land of Egypt a desolation, In the midst of desolate lands, And its cities, in the midst of waste cities, Are a desolation forty years, And I have scattered the Egyptians among nations, And I have dispersed them through lands. 13 But thus said the Lord Jehovah: At the end of forty years I gather the Egyptians Out of the peoples whither they have been scattered, 14 And I have turned back `to' the captivity of Egypt, And I have brought them back `To' the land of Pathros, to the land of their birth, And they have been there a low kingdom. 15 Of the kingdoms it is lowest, And it lifteth not up itself any more above the nations, And I have made them few, So as not to rule among nations. 16 And it is no more to the house of Israel for a confidence, Bringing iniquity to remembrance, By their turning after them, And they have known that I `am' the Lord Jehovah.' 17 And it cometh to pass, in the twenty and seventh year, in the first `month', in the first of the month, hath a word of Jehovah been unto me, saying: 18 `Son of man, Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, Hath caused his force to serve a great service against Tyre, Every head `is' bald -- every shoulder peeled, And reward he had none, nor his force, out of Tyre, For the service that he served against it. 19 Therefore, thus said the Lord Jehovah, Lo, I am giving to Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon the land of Egypt, And he hath taken away its store, And hath taken its spoil, and taken its prey, And it hath been a reward to his force. 20 His wage for which he laboured I have given to him, The land of Egypt -- in that they wrought for Me, An affirmation of the Lord Jehovah. 21 In that day I cause to shoot up a horn to the house of Israel, And to thee I give an opening of the mouth in their midst, And they have known that I `am' Jehovah!'
• Ezek 30:13 : 13 Thus said the Lord Jehovah: And -- I have destroyed idols, And caused vain things to cease from Noph, And a prince of the land of Egypt there is no more, And I give fear in the land of Egypt.
• Ps 104:3 : 3 Who is laying the beam of His upper chambers in the waters, Who is making thick clouds His chariot, Who is walking on wings of wind,
• Jer 50:2 : 2 `Declare ye among nations, and sound, And lift up an ensign, sound, do not hide, Say ye: Captured hath been Babylon, Put to shame hath been Bel, Broken hath been Merodach, Put to shame have been her grievous things, Broken have been her idols.
• Isa 13:1 : 1 The burden of Babylon that Isaiah son of Amoz hath seen:
• Isa 13:7 : 7 Therefore, all hands do fail, And every heart of man doth melt.
• Isa 19:16 : 16 In that day is Egypt like women, And it hath mourned, and been afraid, Because of the waving of the hand of Jehovah of Hosts, That He is waving over it.
• Isa 21:9 : 9 And lo, this, the chariot of a man is coming, A couple of horsemen.' And he answereth and saith: `Fallen, fallen hath Babylon, And all the graven images of her gods He hath broken to the earth.
• Isa 46:1-2 : 1 Bowed down hath Bel, stooping is Nebo, Their idols have been for the beast and for cattle, Your burdens are loaded, a burden to the weary. 2 They have stooped, they have bowed together, They have not been able to deliver the burden, And themselves into captivity have gone.
• Jer 25:19 : 19 Pharaoh king of Egypt, and his servants, And his heads, and all his people,
• Jer 43:8-9 : 8 And there is a word of Jehovah unto Jeremiah in Tahpanhes, saying, 9 `Take in thy hand great stones, and thou hast hidden them, in the clay, in the brick-kiln, that `is' at the opening of the house of Pharaoh in Tahpanhes, before the eyes of the men of Judah, 10 and thou hast said unto them: Thus said Jehovah of Hosts, God of Israel: `Lo, I am sending, and I have taken Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, My servant, and I have set his throne above these stones that I have hid, and he hath stretched out his pavilion over them, 11 and he hath come, and smitten the land of Egypt -- those who `are' for death to death, and those who `are' for captivity to captivity, and those who `are' for the sword to the sword. 12 And I have kindled a fire in the houses of the gods of Egypt, and it hath burned them, and he hath taken them captive, and covered himself with the land of Egypt, as cover himself doth the shepherd with his garment, and he hath gone forth thence in peace; 13 and he hath broken the standing pillars of the house of the sun, that `is' in the land of Egypt, and the houses of the gods of Egypt he doth burn with fire.'
• Jer 44:29-30 : 29 `And this `is' to you the sign -- an affirmation of Jehovah -- that I am seeing after you in this place, so that ye know that My words are certainly established against you for evil; 30 Thus said Jehovah, Lo, I am giving Pharaoh-Hophra king of Egypt into the hand of his enemies, and into the hand of those seeking his life, as I have given Zedekiah king of Judah into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, his enemy, and who is seeking his life.'
• Jer 46:1-9 : 1 That which hath been the word of Jehovah unto Jeremiah the prophet concerning the nations, 2 For Egypt, concerning the force of Pharaoh-Necho king of Egypt, that hath been by the river Phrat, in Carchemish, that Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon hath smitten, in the fourth year of Jehoiakim son of Josiah king of Judah: 3 `Set ye in array shield and buckler, And draw nigh to battle. 4 Gird the horses, and go up, ye horsemen, And station yourselves with helmets, Polish the javelins, put on the coats of mail. 5 Wherefore have I seen them dismayed -- They are turned backward, And their mighty ones are beaten down, And `to' a refuge they have fled, and not turned the face? Fear `is' round about -- an affirmation of Jehovah. 6 The swift do not flee, nor do the mighty escape, Northward, by the side of the river Phrat, They have stumbled and fallen. 7 Who is this? as a flood he cometh up, As rivers do his waters shake themselves! 8 Egypt, as a flood cometh up, And as rivers the waters shake themselves. And he saith, I go up; I cover the land, I destroy the city and the inhabitants in it. 9 Go up, ye horses; and boast yourselves, ye chariots, And go forth, ye mighty, Cush and Phut handling the shield, And Lud handling -- treading the bow. 10 And that day `is' to the Lord Jehovah of Hosts A day of vengeance, To be avenged of His adversaries, And the sword hath devoured, and been satisfied, And it hath been watered from their blood, For a sacrifice `is' to the Lord Jehovah of Hosts, In the land of the north, by the river Phrat. 11 Go up to Gilead, and take balm, O virgin daughter of Egypt, In vain thou hast multiplied medicines, Healing there is none for thee. 12 Nations have heard of thy shame, And thy cry hath filled the land, For the mighty on the mighty did stumble, Together they have fallen -- both of them!' 13 The word that Jehovah hath spoken unto Jeremiah the prophet concerning the coming in of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, to smite the land of Egypt: 14 `Declare ye in Egypt, and sound in Migdol, Yea, sound in Noph, and in Tahpanhes say: Station thyself, yea, prepare for thee, For a sword hath devoured around thee, 15 Wherefore hath thy bull been swept away? He hath not stood, because Jehovah thrust him away. 16 He hath multiplied the stumbling, Yea one hath fallen upon his neighbour, And they say: Rise, and we turn back to our people, And unto the land of our birth, Because of the oppressing sword. 17 They have cried there: Pharaoh king of Egypt `is' a desolation, Passed by hath the appointed time. 18 I live -- an affirmation of the King, Jehovah of Hosts `is' His name, Surely as Tabor `is' among mountains, And as Carmel by the sea -- he cometh in, 19 Goods for removal make for thee, O inhabitant, daughter of Egypt, For Noph becometh a desolation, And hath been burnt up, without inhabitant. 20 A heifer very fair `is' Egypt, Rending from the north doth come into her. 21 Even her hired ones in her midst `are' as calves of the stall, For even they have turned, They have fled together, they have not stood, For the day of their calamity hath come on them, The time of their inspection. 22 Its voice as a serpent goeth on, For with a force they go, And with axes they have come in to her, As hewers of trees. 23 They have cut down her forest, An affirmation of Jehovah -- for it is not searched, For they have been more than the grasshopper, And they have no numbering. 24 Ashamed hath been the daughter of Egypt, She hath been given into the hand of the people of the north. 25 Said hath Jehovah of Hosts, God of Israel: Lo, I am seeing after Amon of No, And after Pharaoh, and after Egypt, And after her gods, and after her kings, And after Pharaoh, and after those trusting in him, 26 And I have given them into the hand of those seeking their life, And into the hand of Nebuchadrezzar king of Babylon, And into the hand of his servants, And afterwards it is inhabited, As `in' days of old -- an affirmation of Jehovah. 27 And thou, thou dost not fear, my servant Jacob, Nor `art' thou dismayed, O Israel, For lo, I am saving thee from afar, And thy seed from the land of their captivity, And Jacob hath turned back, And hath been at rest, and been at ease, And there is none disturbing. 28 Thou, thou dost not fear, My servant Jacob, An affirmation of Jehovah -- for with thee I `am', For I make an end of all the nations Whither I have driven thee, And of thee I do not make an end, And I have reproved thee in judgment, And do not entirely acquit thee!'
• Josh 2:24 : 24 and they say unto Joshua, `Surely Jehovah hath given into our hand all the land; and also, all the inhabitants of the land have melted at our presence.'
• 1 Sam 5:2-4 : 2 and the Philistines take the ark of God and bring it into the house of Dagon, and set it near Dagon. 3 And the Ashdodites rise early on the morrow, and lo, Dagon is fallen on its face to the earth, before the ark of Jehovah; and they take Dagon, and put it back to its place. 4 And they rise early in the morning on the morrow, and lo, Dagon is fallen on its face to the earth, before the ark of Jehovah, and the head of Dagon, and the two palms of its hands are cut off at the threshold, only the fishy part hath been left to him;
• Ps 18:10-12 : 10 And He rideth on a cherub, and doth fly, And He flieth on wings of wind. 11 He maketh darkness His secret place, Round about Him His tabernacle, Darkness of waters, thick clouds of the skies. 12 From the brightness over-against Him His thick clouds have passed on, Hail and coals of fire.
• Ps 68:4 : 4 Sing ye to God -- praise His name, Raise up a highway for Him who is riding in deserts, In Jah `is' His name, and exult before Him.
• Ps 68:33-34 : 33 To him who is riding on the heavens of the heavens of old, Lo, He giveth with His voice a strong voice. 34 Ascribe ye strength to God, Over Israel `is' His excellency, and His strength in the clouds.
• Exod 15:14-16 : 14 Peoples have heard, they are troubled; Pain hath seized inhabitants of Philistia. 15 Then have chiefs of Edom been troubled: Mighty ones of Moab -- Trembling doth seize them! Melted have all inhabitants of Canaan! 16 Fall on them doth terror and dread; By the greatness of Thine arm They are still as a stone, Till Thy people pass over, O Jehovah; Till the people pass over Whom Thou hast purchased.
• Deut 33:26 : 26 There is none like the God of Jeshurun, Riding the heavens in thy help, And in His excellency the skies.
• Josh 2:9 : 9 and she saith unto the men, `I have known that Jehovah hath given to you the land, and that your terror hath fallen upon us, and that all the inhabitants of the land have melted at your presence.
• Jer 51:44 : 44 And I have seen after Bel in Babylon, And I have brought forth that which he swallowed -- from his mouth, And flow no more unto him do nations, Also the wall of Babylon hath fallen.
• Ps 104:34 : 34 Sweet is my meditation on Him, I -- I do rejoice in Jehovah.
• Zech 10:11 : 11 And He hath passed over through the sea, And hath pressed and smitten billows in the sea, And dried up have been all depths of a flood, And brought down hath been the excellency of Asshur, And the rod of Egypt doth turn aside.
• Zech 14:18 : 18 And if the family of Egypt go not up, nor come in, Then not on them is the plague With which Jehovah doth plague the nations That go not up to celebrate the feast of booths.
• Matt 26:64-65 : 64 Jesus saith to him, `Thou hast said; nevertheless I say to you, hereafter ye shall see the Son of Man sitting on the right hand of the power, and coming upon the clouds, of the heaven.' 65 Then the chief priest rent his garments, saying, -- `He hath spoken evil; what need have we yet of witnesses? lo, now ye heard his evil speaking;