Joshua 10:16

Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

And these five kings flee, and are hidden in a cave at Makkedah,

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וַיָּנֻ֕סוּ חֲמֵ֖שֶׁת הַמְּלָכִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֵּחָבְא֥וּ בַמְּעָרָ֖ה בְּמַקֵּדָֽה׃

Transliteration

And wə-yānusu five the məlākîm these and wə-yēḥābəʾû in the məʿārâ in Maqqēdâ

Grammar Details

• *wə-yānusu*: waw consecutive + Qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they fled
• *məlākîm*: noun, masculine plural with definite article - the kings
• *wə-yēḥābəʾû*: waw consecutive + Niphal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and they hid themselves
• *məʿārâ*: noun, feminine singular with definite article - the cave
• *Maqqēdâ*: proper noun - Makkedah (place name)

Word Meanings

• *wə-yānusu*: fled/escaped/ran away
• *məlākîm*: kings/rulers
• *wə-yēḥābəʾû*: hid themselves/concealed themselves
• *məʿārâ*: cave/cavern
• *Maqqēdâ*: Makkedah (place name)

Referenced Verses

• Judg 6:2 : 2 and the hand of Midian is strong against Israel, from the presence of Midian have the sons of Israel made for themselves the flowings which `are' in the mountains, and the caves, and the strongholds.
• 1 Sam 13:6 : 6 And the men of Israel have seen that they are distressed, that the people hath been oppressed, and the people hide themselves in caves, and in thickets, and in rocks, and in high places, and in pits.
• 1 Sam 24:3 : 3 and he cometh in unto folds of the flock, on the way, and there `is' a cave, and Saul goeth in to cover his feet; and David and his men in the sides of the cave are abiding.
• 1 Sam 24:8 : 8 and David riseth afterwards, and goeth out from the cave, and calleth after Saul, saying, `My lord, O king!' And Saul looketh attentively behind him, and David boweth -- face to the earth -- and doth obeisance.
• Ps 48:4-6 : 4 For, lo, the kings met, they passed by together, 5 They have seen -- so they have marvelled, They have been troubled, they were hastened away. 6 Trembling hath seized them there, Pain, as of a travailing woman.
• Ps 139:7-9 : 7 Whither do I go from Thy Spirit? And whither from Thy face do I flee? 8 If I ascend the heavens -- there Thou `art', And spread out a couch in Sheol, lo, Thee! 9 I take the wings of morning, I dwell in the uttermost part of the sea, 10 Also there Thy hand doth lead me, And Thy right hand doth hold me.
• Isa 2:10-12 : 10 Enter into a rock, and be hidden in dust, Because of the fear of Jehovah, And because of the honour of His excellency. 11 The haughty eyes of man have been humbled, And bowed down hath been the loftiness of men, And set on high hath Jehovah alone been in that day. 12 For a day `is' to Jehovah of Hosts, For every proud and high one, And for every lifted up and low one,
• Isa 2:19-22 : 19 And `men' have entered into caverns of rocks, And into caves of dust, Because of the fear of Jehovah, And because of the honour of His excellency, In His rising to terrify the earth. 20 In that day doth man cast his idols of silver, And his idols of gold, That they have made for him to worship, To moles, and to bats, 21 To enter into cavities of the rocks, And into clefts of the high places, Because of the fear of Jehovah, And because of the honour of His excellency, In His rising to terrify the earth. 22 Cease for you from man, Whose breath `is' in his nostrils, For -- in what is he esteemed?
• Isa 24:21-22 : 21 And it hath come to pass, in that day, Jehovah layeth a charge on the host of the high place in the high place, And on the kings of the land on the land. 22 And they have been gathered -- A gathering of bound ones in a pit, And shut up they have been in a prison, And after a multitude of days are inspected.
• Amos 9:2 : 2 If they dig through into sheol, From thence doth My hand take them, And if they go up the heavens, From thence I cause them to come down.
• Mic 7:17 : 17 They lick dust as a serpent, as fearful things of earth, They tremble from their enclosures, Of Jehovah our God they are afraid, Yea, they are afraid of Thee.
• Rev 6:15 : 15 and the kings of the earth, and the great men, and the rich, and the chiefs of thousands, and the mighty, and every servant, and every freeman, hid themselves in the dens, and in the rocks of the mountains,