Joshua 8:34

Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

And afterwards he hath proclaimed all the words of the law, the blessing and the reviling, according to all that is written in the book of the law;

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

וְאֽ͏ַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן קָרָא֙ אֶת־כָּל־דִּבְרֵ֣י הַתּוֹרָ֔ה הַבְּרָכָ֖ה וְהַקְּלָלָ֑ה כְּכָל־הַכָּת֖וּב בְּסֵ֥פֶר הַתּוֹרָֽה׃

Transliteration

wəʾaḥărê-ḵēn qārāʾ ʾeṯ-kāl-diḇrê hattôrāh habərāḵāh wəhaqqəlālāh kəḵāl-hakkāṯûḇ bəsēp̄er hattôrāh

Grammar Details

• *wəʾaḥărê*: conjunction + preposition - and after
• *ḵēn*: adverb - thus/so
• *qārāʾ*: verb, qal perfect 3rd person masculine singular - he read/called
• *ʾeṯ*: direct object marker
• *kāl*: noun, masculine singular construct - all of
• *diḇrê*: noun, masculine plural construct - words of
• *hattôrāh*: definite article + noun, feminine singular - the law
• *habərāḵāh*: definite article + noun, feminine singular - the blessing
• *wəhaqqəlālāh*: conjunction + definite article + noun, feminine singular - and the curse
• *kəḵāl*: preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - according to all
• *hakkāṯûḇ*: definite article + verb, qal passive participle masculine singular - the written
• *bəsēp̄er*: preposition + noun, masculine singular construct - in book of

Word Meanings

• *ʾaḥărê-ḵēn*: afterward/after this/subsequently
• *qārāʾ*: read aloud/proclaimed/recited
• *diḇrê*: words/matters/things
• *tôrāh*: law/instruction/teaching
• *bərāḵāh*: blessing/benediction
• *qəlālāh*: curse/malediction
• *sēp̄er*: book/scroll/document

Referenced Verses

• Neh 8:2-3 : 2 And Ezra the priest bringeth the law before the assembly, both of men and women, and every one intelligent to hear, on the first day of the seventh month, 3 and he readeth in it before the broad place that `is' before the water-gate, from the light till the middle of the day, over-against the men, and the women, and those intelligent, and the ears of all the people `are' unto the book of the law.
• Neh 9:3 : 3 and rise up on their station, and read in the book of the law of Jehovah their God a fourth of the day, and a fourth they are confessing and bowing themselves to Jehovah their God.
• Neh 13:1 : 1 On that day there was read in the book of Moses, in the ears of the people, and it hath been found written in it that an Ammonite and Moabite doth not come into the assembly of God -- unto the age,
• Lev 26:1-9 : 1 `Ye do not make to yourselves idols; and graven image or standing image ye do not set up to yourselves; and a stone of imagery ye do not put in your land, to bow yourselves to it; for I `am' Jehovah your God. 2 `My sabbaths ye do keep, and My sanctuary ye do reverence; I `am' Jehovah. 3 `If in My statutes ye walk, and My commands ye keep, and have done them, 4 then I have given your rains in their season, and the land hath given her produce, and the tree of the field doth give its fruit; 5 and reached to you hath the threshing, the gathering, and the gathering doth reach the sowing-`time'; and ye have eaten your bread to satiety, and have dwelt confidently in your land. 6 `And I have given peace in the land, and ye have lain down, and there is none causing trembling; and I have caused evil beasts to cease out of the land, and the sword doth not pass over into your land. 7 `And ye have pursued your enemies, and they have fallen before you by the sword; 8 and five of you have pursued a hundred, and a hundred of you do pursue a myriad; and your enemies have fallen before you by the sword. 9 `And I have turned unto you, and have made you fruitful, and have multiplied you, and have established My covenant with you; 10 and ye have eaten old `store', and the old because of the new ye bring out. 11 `And I have given My tabernacle in your midst, and My soul doth not loathe you; 12 and I have walked habitually in your midst, and have become your God, and ye -- ye are become My people; 13 I `am' Jehovah your God, who have brought you out of the land of the Egyptians, from being their servants; and I break the bars of your yoke, and cause you to go erect. 14 `And if ye do not hearken to Me, and do not all these commands; 15 and if at My statutes ye kick, and if My judgments your soul loathe, so as not to do all My commands -- to your breaking My covenant -- 16 I also do this to you, and I have appointed over you trouble, the consumption, and the burning fever, consuming eyes, and causing pain of soul; and your seed in vain ye have sowed, and your enemies have eaten it; 17 and I have set My face against you, and ye have been smitten before your enemies; and those hating you have ruled over you, and ye have fled, and there is none pursuing you. 18 `And if unto these ye hearken not to Me, -- then I have added to chastise you seven times for your sins; 19 and I have broken the pride of your strength, and have made your heavens as iron, and your earth as brass; 20 and consumed hath been your strength in vain, and your land doth not give her produce, and the tree of the land doth not give its fruit. 21 `And if ye walk with Me `in' opposition, and are not willing to hearken to Me, then I have added to you a plague seven times, according to your sins, 22 and sent against you the beast of the field, and it hath bereaved you; and I have cut off your cattle, and have made you few, and your ways have been desolate. 23 `And if by these ye are not instructed by Me, and have walked with Me `in' opposition, 24 then I have walked -- I also -- with you in opposition, and have smitten you, even I, seven times for your sins; 25 and I have brought in on you a sword, executing the vengeance of a covenant; and ye have been gathered unto your cities, and I have sent pestilence into your midst, and ye have been given into the hand of an enemy. 26 `In My breaking to you the staff of bread, then ten women have baked your bread in one oven, and have given back your bread by weight; and ye have eaten, and are not satisfied. 27 `And if for this ye hearken not to Me, and have walked with Me in opposition, 28 then I have walked with you in the fury of opposition, and have chastised you, even I, seven times for your sins. 29 `And ye have eaten the flesh of your sons; even flesh of your daughters ye do eat. 30 And I have destroyed your high places, and cut down your images, and have put your carcases on the carcases of your idols, and My soul hath loathed you; 31 and I have made your cities a waste, and have made desolate your sanctuaries, and I smell not at your sweet fragrances; 32 and I have made desolate the land, and your enemies, who are dwelling in it, have been astonished at it. 33 And you I scatter among nations, and have drawn out after you a sword, and your land hath been a desolation, and your cities are a waste. 34 `Then doth the land enjoy its sabbaths -- all the days of the desolation, and ye in the land of your enemies -- then doth the land rest, and hath enjoyed its sabbaths; 35 all the days of the desolation it resteth that which it hath not rested in your sabbaths in your dwelling on it. 36 `And those who are left of you -- I have also brought a faintness into their heart in the lands of their enemies, and the sound of a leaf driven away hath pursued them, and they have fled -- flight from a sword -- and they have fallen, and there is none pursuing. 37 And they have stumbled one on another, as from the face of a sword, and there is none pursuing, and ye have no standing before your enemies, 38 and ye have perished among the nations, and the land of your enemies hath consumed you. 39 `And those who are left of you -- they consume away in their iniquity, in the lands of your enemies; and also in the iniquities of their fathers, with them they consume away. 40 `And -- they have confessed their iniquity, and the iniquity of their fathers, in their trespass which they have trespassed against Me, and also, that they have walked with Me, in opposition, 41 also I walk to them in opposition, and have brought them into the land of their enemies -- or then their uncircumcised heart is humbled, and then they accept the punishment of their iniquity, -- 42 then I have remembered My covenant `with' Jacob, and also My covenant `with' Isaac, and also My covenant `with' Abraham I remember, and the land I remember. 43 `And -- the land is left of them, and doth enjoy its sabbaths, in the desolation without them, and they accept the punishment of their iniquity, because, even because, against My judgments they have kicked, and My statutes hath their soul loathed, 44 and also even this, in their being in the land of their enemies, I have not rejected them, nor have I loathed them, to consume them, to break My covenant with them; for I `am' Jehovah their God; -- 45 then I have remembered for them the covenant of the ancestors, whom I brought forth out of the land of Egypt before the eyes of the nations to become their God; I `am' Jehovah.' 46 These `are' the statutes, and the judgments, and the laws, which Jehovah hath given between Him and the sons of Israel, in mount Sinai, by the hand of Moses.
• Deut 27:14-28:68 : 14 `And the Levites have answered and said unto every man of Israel -- a loud voice: 15 `Cursed `is' the man who maketh a graven and molten image, the abomination of Jehovah, work of the hands of an artificer, and hath put `it' in a secret place, -- and all the people have answered and said, Amen. 16 `Cursed `is' He who is making light of his father and his mother, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 17 `Cursed `is' he who is removing his neighbour's border, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 18 `Cursed `is' he who is causing the blind to err in the way, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 19 `Cursed `is' he who is turning aside the judgment of fatherless, sojourner, and widow, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 20 `Cursed `is' he who is lying with his father's wife, for he hath uncovered his father's skirt, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 21 `Cursed `is' he who is lying with any beast, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 22 `Cursed `is' he who is lying with his sister, daughter of his father, or daughter of his mother, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 23 `Cursed `is' he who is lying with his mother-in-law, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 24 `Cursed `is' he who is smiting his neighbour in secret, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 25 `Cursed `is' he who is taking a bribe to smite a person, innocent blood, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 26 `Cursed `is' he who doth not establish the words of this law, to do them, -- and all the people have said, Amen. 1 `And it hath been, if thou dost hearken diligently to the voice of Jehovah thy God, to observe to do all His commands which I am commanding thee to-day, that Jehovah thy God hath made thee uppermost above all the nations of the earth, 2 and all these blessings have come upon thee, and overtaken thee, because thou dost hearken to the voice of Jehovah thy God: 3 `Blessed `art' thou in the city, and blessed `art' thou in the field. 4 `Blessed `is' the fruit of thy womb, and the fruit of thy ground, and the fruit of thy cattle, increase of thine oxen, and wealth of thy flock. 5 `Blessed `is' thy basket and thy kneading-trough. 6 `Blessed `art' thou in thy coming in, and blessed `art' thou in thy going out. 7 `Jehovah giveth thine enemies, who are rising up against thee -- smitten before thy face; in one way they come out unto thee, and in seven ways they flee before thee. 8 `Jehovah commandeth with thee the blessing in thy storehouses, and in every putting forth of thy hand, and hath blessed thee in the land which Jehovah thy God is giving to thee. 9 `Jehovah doth establish thee to Himself for a holy people, as He hath sworn to thee, when thou keepest the commands of Jehovah thy God, and hast walked in His ways; 10 and all the peoples of the land have seen that the name of Jehovah is called upon thee, and they have been afraid of thee. 11 `And Jehovah hath made thee abundant in good, in the fruit of the womb, and in the fruit of thy cattle, and in the fruit of thy ground, on the ground which Jehovah hath sworn to thy fathers to give to thee. 12 `Jehovah doth open to thee his good treasure -- the heavens -- to give the rain of thy land in its season, and to bless all the work of thy hand, and thou hast lent to many nations, and thou -- thou dost not borrow. 13 `And Jehovah hath given thee for head, and not for tail; and thou hast been only above, and art not beneath, for thou dost hearken unto the commands of Jehovah thy God, which I am commanding thee to-day, to keep and to do, 14 and thou dost not turn aside from all the words which I am commanding you to-day -- right or left -- to go after other gods, to serve them. 15 `And it hath been, if thou dost not hearken unto the voice of Jehovah thy God to observe to do all His commands, and His statutes, which I am commanding thee to-day, that all these revilings have come upon thee, and overtaken thee: 16 `Cursed `art' thou in the city, and cursed `art' thou in the field. 17 `Cursed `is' thy basket and thy kneading-trough. 18 `Cursed `is' the fruit of thy body, and the fruit of thy land, increase of thine oxen, and wealth of thy flock. 19 `Cursed `art' thou in thy coming in, and cursed `art' thou in thy going out. 20 `Jehovah doth send on thee the curse, the trouble, and the rebuke, in every putting forth of thy hand which thou dost, till thou art destroyed, and till thou perish hastily, because of the evil of thy doings `by' which thou hast forsaken Me. 21 `Jehovah doth cause to cleave to thee the pestilence, till He consume thee from off the ground whither thou art going in to possess it. 22 `Jehovah doth smite thee with consumption, and with fever, and with inflammation, and with extreme burning, and with sword, and with blasting, and with mildew, and they have pursued thee till thou perish 23 `And thy heavens which `are' over thy head have been brass, and the earth which `is' under thee iron; 24 Jehovah giveth the rain of thy land -- dust and ashes; from the heavens it cometh down on thee till thou art destroyed. 25 `Jehovah giveth thee smitten before thine enemies; in one way thou goest out unto them, and in seven ways dost flee before them, and thou hast been for a trembling to all kingdoms of the earth; 26 and thy carcase hath been for food to every fowl of the heavens, and to the beast of the earth, and there is none causing trembling. 27 `Jehovah doth smite thee with the ulcer of Egypt, and with emerods, and with scurvy, and with itch, of which thou art not able to be healed. 28 `Jehovah doth smite thee with madness, and with blindness, and with astonishment of heart; 29 and thou hast been gropling at noon, as the blind gropeth in darkness; and thou dost not cause thy ways to prosper; and thou hast been only oppressed and plundered all the days, and there is no saviour. 30 `A woman thou dost betroth, and another man doth lie with her; a house thou dost build, and dost not dwell in it; a vineyard thou dost plant, and dost not make it common; 31 thine ox `is' slaughtered before thine eyes, and thou dost not eat of it; thine ass `is' taken violently away from before thee, and it is not given back to thee; thy sheep `are' given to thine enemies, and there is no saviour for thee. 32 `Thy sons and thy daughters `are' given to another people, and thine eyes are looking and consuming for them all the day, and thy hand is not to God! 33 The fruit of thy ground, and all thy labour, eat up doth a people whom thou hast not known; and thou hast been only oppressed and bruised all the days; 34 and thou hast been mad, because of the sight of thine eyes which thou dost see. 35 `Jehovah doth smite thee with an evil ulcer, on the knees, and on the legs (of which thou art not able to be healed), from the sole of thy foot even unto thy crown. 36 `Jehovah doth cause thee to go, and thy king whom thou raisest up over thee, unto a nation which thou hast not known, thou and thy fathers, and thou hast served there other gods, wood and stone; 37 and thou hast been for an astonishment, for a simile, and for a byword among all the peoples whither Jehovah doth lead thee. 38 `Much seed thou dost take out into the field, and little thou dost gather in, for the locust doth consume it; 39 vineyards thou dost plant, and hast laboured, and wine thou dost not drink nor gather, for the worm doth consume it; 40 olives are to thee in all thy border, and oil thou dost not pour out, for thine olive doth fall off. 41 `Sons and daughters thou dost beget, and they are not with thee, for they go into captivity; 42 all thy trees and the fruit of thy ground doth the locust possess; 43 the sojourner who `is' in thy midst goeth up above thee very high, and thou goest down very low; 44 he doth lend `to' thee, and thou dost not lend `to' him; he is for head, and thou art for tail. 45 `And come upon thee have all these curses, and they have pursued thee, and overtaken thee, till thou art destroyed, because thou hast not hearkened to the voice of Jehovah thy God, to keep His commands, and His statutes, which he hath commanded thee; 46 and they have been on thee for a sign and for a wonder, also on thy seed -- to the age. 47 `Because that thou hast not served Jehovah thy God with joy, and with gladness of heart, because of the abundance of all things -- 48 thou hast served thine enemies, whom Jehovah sendeth against thee, in hunger, and in thirst, and in nakedness, and in lack of all things; and he hath put a yoke of iron on thy neck, till He hath destroyed thee. 49 `Jehovah doth lift up against thee a nation, from afar, from the end of the earth, as the eagle it flieth; a nation whose tongue thou hast not heard, 50 a nation -- fierce of countenance -- which accepteth not the face of the aged, and the young doth not favour; 51 and it hath eaten the fruit of thy cattle, and the fruit of thy ground, till thou art destroyed; which leaveth not to thee corn, new wine, and oil, increase of thine oxen, and wealth of thy flock, till it hath destroyed thee. 52 `And it hath laid siege to thee in all thy gates, till thy walls come down, the high and the fenced ones in which thou art trusting, in all thy land; yea, it hath laid siege to thee in all thy gates, in all thy land, which Jehovah thy God hath given to thee; 53 and thou hast eaten the fruit of thy body, flesh of thy sons and thy daughters (whom Jehovah thy God hath given to thee), in the siege, and in the straitness with which thine enemies do straiten thee. 54 `The man who is tender in thee, and who `is' very delicate -- his eye is evil against his brother, and against the wife of his bosom, and against the remnant of his sons whom he leaveth, 55 against giving to one of them of the flesh of his sons whom he eateth, because he hath nothing left to him, in the siege, and in the straitness with which thine enemy doth straiten thee in all thy gates. 56 `The tender woman in thee, and the delicate, who hath not tried the sole of her foot to place on the ground because of delicateness and because of tenderness -- her eye is evil against the husband of her bosom, and against her son, and against her daughter, 57 and against her seed which cometh out from between her feet, even against her sons whom she doth bear, for she doth eat them for the lacking of all things in secret, in the siege and in the straitness with which thine enemy doth straiten thee within thy gates. 58 `If thou dost not observe to do all the words of this law which are written in this book, to fear this honoured and fearful name -- Jehovah thy God -- 59 then hath Jehovah made wonderful thy strokes, and the strokes of thy seed -- great strokes, and stedfast, and evil sicknesses, and stedfast. 60 `And He hath brought back on thee all the diseases of Egypt, of the presence of which thou hast been afraid, and they have cleaved to thee; 61 also every sickness and every stroke which is not written in the book of this law; Jehovah doth cause them to go up upon thee till thou art destroyed, 62 and ye have been left with few men, instead of which ye have been as stars of the heavens for multitude, because thou hast not hearkened to the voice of Jehovah thy God. 63 `And it hath been, as Jehovah hath rejoiced over you to do you good, and to multiply you, so doth Jehovah rejoice over you to destroy you, and to lay you waste; and ye have been pulled away from off the ground whither thou art going in to possess it; 64 and Jehovah hath scattered thee among all the peoples, from the end of the earth even unto the end of the earth; and thou hast served there other gods which thou hast not known, thou and thy fathers -- wood and stone. 65 `And among those nations thou dost not rest, yea, there is no resting-place for the sole of thy foot, and Jehovah hath given to thee there a trembling heart, and failing of eyes, and grief of soul; 66 and thy life hath been hanging in suspense before thee, and thou hast been afraid by night and by day, and dost not believe in thy life; 67 in the morning thou sayest, O that it were evening! and in the evening thou sayest, O that it were morning! from the fear of thy heart, with which thou art afraid, and from the sight of thine eyes which thou seest. 68 `And Jehovah hath brought thee back to Egypt with ships, by a way of which I said to thee, Thou dost not add any more to see it, and ye have sold yourselves there to thine enemies, for men-servants and for maid-servants, and there is no buyer.'
• Deut 29:20-21 : 20 Jehovah is not willing to be propitious to him, for then doth the anger of Jehovah smoke, also His zeal, against that man, and lain down on him hath all the oath which is written in this book, and Jehovah hath blotted out his name from under the heavens, 21 and Jehovah hath separated him for evil, out of all the tribes of Israel, according to all the oaths of the covenant which is written in this book of the law.
• Deut 30:15-20 : 15 `See, I have set before thee to-day life and good, and death and evil, 16 in that I am commanding thee to-day to love Jehovah thy God, to walk in His ways, and to keep His commands, and His statutes, and His judgments; and thou hast lived and multiplied, and Jehovah thy God hath blessed thee in the land whither thou art going in to possess it. 17 `And if thy heart doth turn, and thou dost not hearken, and hast been driven away, and hast bowed thyself to other gods, and served them, 18 I have declared to you this day, that ye do certainly perish, ye do not prolong days on the ground which thou art passing over the Jordan to go in thither to possess it. 19 `I have caused to testify against you to-day the heavens and the earth; life and death I have set before thee, the blessing and the reviling; and thou hast fixed on life, so that thou dost live, thou and thy seed, 20 to love Jehovah thy God, to hearken to His voice, and to cleave to Him (for He `is' thy life, and the length of thy days), to dwell on the ground which Jehovah hath sworn to thy fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob, to give to them.'
• Deut 31:10-12 : 10 and Moses commandeth them, saying, `At the end of seven years, in the appointed time, the year of release, in the feast of booths, 11 in the coming in of all Israel to see the face of Jehovah in the place which He chooseth, thou dost proclaim this law before all Israel, in their ears. 12 `Assemble the people, the men, and the women, and the infants, and thy sojourner who `is' within thy gates, so that they hear, and so that they learn, and have feared Jehovah your God, and observed to do all the words of this law;
• Josh 1:8 : 8 the book of this law doth not depart out of thy mouth, and thou hast meditated in it by day and by night, so that thou dost observe to do according to all that is written in it, for then thou dost cause thy way to prosper, and then thou dost act wisely.