Proverbs 30:4

Young's Literal Translation (1862/1898)

Who went up to heaven, and cometh down? Who hath gathered the wind in his fists? Who hath bound waters in a garment? Who established all ends of the earth? What `is' His name? and what His son's name? Surely thou knowest!

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

מִ֤י עָלָֽה־שָׁמַ֨יִם ׀ וַיֵּרַ֡ד מִ֤י אָֽסַף־ר֨וּחַ ׀ בְּחָפְנָ֡יו מִ֤י צָֽרַר־מַ֨יִם ׀ בַּשִּׂמְלָ֗ה מִ֭י הֵקִ֣ים כָּל־אַפְסֵי־אָ֑רֶץ מַה־שְּׁמ֥וֹ וּמַֽה־שֶּׁם־בְּ֝נ֗וֹ כִּ֣י תֵדָֽע׃

Transliteration

Mî ʿālâ-šāmayim wayyērad mî ʾāsap-rûaḥ beḥopnāyw mî ṣārar-mayim baśśimlâ mî hēqîm kol-ʾapsê-ʾāreṣ mah-šemô ûmah-šem-benô kî tēdāʿ

Grammar Details

• *Mî*: interrogative pronoun - who
• *ʿālâ*: qal perfect, third masculine singular - went up/ascended
• *šāmayim*: masculine plural noun - heavens/sky
• *wayyērad*: waw-consecutive + qal imperfect, third masculine singular - and descended/came down
• *ʾāsap*: qal perfect, third masculine singular - gathered/collected
• *rûaḥ*: feminine singular noun - wind/breath/spirit
• *beḥopnāyw*: preposition + masculine dual noun + third person masculine singular suffix - in his fists/handfuls
• *ṣārar*: qal perfect, third masculine singular - bound/wrapped up
• *mayim*: masculine plural noun - waters
• *baśśimlâ*: preposition + definite article + feminine singular noun - in the garment/cloak
• *hēqîm*: hiphil perfect, third masculine singular - established/set up
• *kol*: construct state - all of
• *ʾapsê*: construct state, masculine plural - ends of
• *ʾāreṣ*: feminine singular noun - earth/land
• *mah*: interrogative pronoun - what
• *šemô*: masculine singular noun + third person masculine singular suffix - his name
• *ûmah*: conjunction + interrogative pronoun - and what
• *šem*: construct state, masculine singular - name of
• *benô*: masculine singular noun + third person masculine singular suffix - his son
• *kî*: conjunction - for/if/that/when/because
• *tēdāʿ*: qal imperfect, second masculine singular - you know/will know

Word Meanings

• *rûaḥ*: wind/breath/spirit
• *ʾapsê*: ends/boundaries/extremities
• *kî*: for/if/that/surely/when

Referenced Verses

• John 3:13 : 13 and no one hath gone up to the heaven, except he who out of the heaven came down -- the Son of Man who is in the heaven.
• Rev 19:12 : 12 and his eyes `are' as a flame of fire, and upon his head `are' many diadems -- having a name written that no one hath known, except himself,
• Exod 34:5-7 : 5 And Jehovah cometh down in a cloud, and stationeth Himself with him there, and calleth in the Name of Jehovah, 6 and Jehovah passeth over before his face, and calleth: `Jehovah, Jehovah God, merciful and gracious, slow to anger, and abundant in kindness and truth, 7 keeping kindness for thousands, taking away iniquity, and transgression, and sin, and not entirely acquitting, charging iniquity of fathers on children, and on children's children, on a third `generation', and on a fourth.'
• Job 38:4-9 : 4 Where wast thou when I founded earth? Declare, if thou hast known understanding. 5 Who placed its measures -- if thou knowest? Or who hath stretched out upon it a line? 6 On what have its sockets been sunk? Or who hath cast its corner-stone? 7 In the singing together of stars of morning, And all sons of God shout for joy, 8 And He shutteth up with doors the sea, In its coming forth, from the womb it goeth out. 9 In My making a cloud its clothing, And thick darkness its swaddling band, 10 And I measure over it My statute, And place bar and doors, 11 And say, `Hitherto come thou, and add not, And a command is placed On the pride of thy billows.' 12 Hast thou commanded morning since thy days? Causest thou the dawn to know its place? 13 To take hold on the skirts of the earth, And the wicked are shaken out of it, 14 It turneth itself as clay of a seal And they station themselves as clothed. 15 And withheld from the wicked is their light, And the arm lifted up is broken. 16 Hast thou come in to springs of the sea? And in searching the deep Hast thou walked up and down? 17 Revealed to thee were the gates of death? And the gates of death-shade dost thou see? 18 Thou hast understanding, Even unto the broad places of earth! Declare -- if thou hast known it all. 19 Where `is' this -- the way light dwelleth? And darkness, where `is' this -- its place? 20 That thou dost take it unto its boundary, And that thou dost understand The paths of its house. 21 Thou hast known -- for then thou art born And the number of thy days `are' many! 22 Hast thou come in unto the treasure of snow? Yea, the treasures of hail dost thou see? 23 That I have kept back for a time of distress, For a day of conflict and battle. 24 Where `is' this, the way light is apportioned? It scattereth an east wind over the earth. 25 Who hath divided for the flood a conduit? And a way for the lightning of the voices? 26 To cause `it' to rain on a land -- no man, A wilderness -- no man in it. 27 To satisfy a desolate and waste place, And to cause to shoot up The produce of the tender grass? 28 Hath the rain a father? Or who hath begotten the drops of dew? 29 From whose belly came forth the ice? And the hoar-frost of the heavens, Who hath begotten it? 30 As a stone waters are hidden, And the face of the deep is captured. 31 Dost thou bind sweet influences of Kimah? Or the attractions of Kesil dost thou open? 32 Dost thou bring out Mazzaroth in its season? And Aysh for her sons dost thou comfort? 33 Hast thou known the statutes of heaven? Or dost thou appoint Its dominion in the earth? 34 Dost thou lift up to the cloud thy voice, And abundance of water doth cover thee? 35 Dost thou send out lightnings, and they go And say unto thee, `Behold us?' 36 Who hath put in the inward parts wisdom? Or who hath given To the covered part understanding? 37 Who doth number the clouds by wisdom? And the bottles of the heavens, Who doth cause to lie down, 38 In the hardening of dust into hardness, And clods cleave together? 39 Dost thou hunt for a lion prey? And the desire of young lions fulfil? 40 When they bow down in dens -- Abide in a thicket for a covert? 41 Who doth prepare for a raven his provision, When his young ones cry unto God? They wander without food.
• Deut 30:12 : 12 It is not in the heavens, -- saying, Who doth go up for us into the heavens, and doth take it for us, and doth cause us to hear it -- that we may do it.
• Isa 7:14 : 14 Therefore the Lord Himself giveth to you a sign, Lo, the Virgin is conceiving, And is bringing forth a son, And hath called his name Immanuel,
• Isa 9:6 : 6 For a Child hath been born to us, A Son hath been given to us, And the princely power is on his shoulder, And He doth call his name Wonderful, Counsellor, Mighty God, Father of Eternity, Prince of Peace.
• Isa 53:8 : 8 By restraint and by judgment he hath been taken, And of his generation who doth meditate, That he hath been cut off from the land of the living? By the transgression of My people he is plagued,
• Jer 23:6 : 6 In his days is Judah saved, and Israel dwelleth confidently, And this his name that Jehovah proclaimeth him, `Our Righteousness.'
• Matt 1:21-23 : 21 and she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name Jesus, for he shall save his people from their sins.' 22 And all this hath come to pass, that it may be fulfilled that was spoken by the Lord through the prophet, saying, 23 `Lo, the virgin shall conceive, and she shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel,' which is, being interpreted `With us `he is' God.'
• Matt 11:27 : 27 `All things were delivered to me by my Father, and none doth know the Son, except the Father, nor doth any know the Father, except the Son, and he to whom the Son may wish to reveal `Him'.
• Luke 10:22 : 22 `All things were delivered up to me by my Father, and no one doth know who the Son is, except the Father, and who the Father is, except the Son, and he to whom the Son may wish to reveal `Him'.'
• Isa 40:12-31 : 12 Who hath measured in the hollow of his hand the waters? And the heavens by a span hath meted out, And comprehended in a measure the dust of the earth, And hath weighed in scales the mountains, And the hills in a balance? 13 Who hath meted out the Spirit of Jehovah, And, `being' His counsellor, doth teach Him! 14 With whom consulted He, That he causeth Him to understand? And teacheth Him in the path of judgment, And teacheth Him knowledge? And the way of understanding causeth Him to know? 15 Lo, nations as a drop from a bucket, And as small dust of the balance, have been reckoned, Lo, isles as a small thing He taketh up. 16 And Lebanon is not sufficient to burn, Nor its beasts sufficient for a burnt-offering. 17 All the nations `are' as nothing before Him, Less than nothing and emptiness, They have been reckoned to Him. 18 And unto whom do ye liken God, And what likeness do ye compare to Him? 19 The graven image poured out hath a artizan, And a refiner with gold spreadeth it over, And chains of silver he is refining. 20 He who is poor `by' heave-offerings, A tree not rotten doth choose, A skilful artizan he seeketh for it, To establish a graven image -- not moved. 21 Do ye not know -- do ye not hear? Hath it not been declared from the first to you? Have ye not understood `From' the foundations of the earth? 22 He who is sitting on the circle of the earth, And its inhabitants `are' as grasshoppers, He who is stretching out as a thin thing the heavens, And spreadeth them as a tent to dwell in. 23 He who is making princes become nothing, Judges of earth as emptiness hath made; 24 Yea, they have not been planted, Yea, they have not been sown, Yea, not taking root in the earth is their stock, And also He hath blown upon them, and they wither, And a whirlwind as stubble taketh them away. 25 And unto whom do ye liken Me, And `am' I equal? saith the Holy One. 26 Lift up on high your eyes, And see -- who hath prepared these? He who is bringing out by number their host, To all of them by name He calleth, By abundance of strength (And `he is' strong in power) not one is lacking. 27 Why sayest thou, O Jacob? and speakest thou, O Israel? `My way hath been hid from Jehovah, And from my God my judgment passeth over.' 28 Hast thou not known? hast thou not heard? The God of the age -- Jehovah, Preparer of the ends of the earth, Is not wearied nor fatigued, There is no searching of His understanding. 29 He is giving power to the weary, And to those not strong He increaseth might. 30 Even youths are wearied and fatigued, And young men utterly stumble, 31 But those expecting Jehovah pass `to' power, They raise up the pinion as eagles, They run and are not fatigued, They go on and do not faint!
• Judg 13:18 : 18 And the messenger of Jehovah saith to him, `Why `is' this -- thou dost ask for My name? -- and it `is' Wonderful.'
• Job 26:8 : 8 Binding up the waters in His thick clouds, And the cloud is not rent under them.
• Ps 2:7 : 7 I declare concerning a statute: Jehovah said unto me, `My Son Thou `art', I to-day have brought thee forth.
• Ps 22:27 : 27 Remember and return unto Jehovah, Do all ends of the earth, And before Thee bow themselves, Do all families of the nations,
• Ps 24:2 : 2 For He on the seas hath founded it, And on the floods He doth establish it.
• Ps 68:18 : 18 Thou hast ascended on high, Thou hast taken captive captivity, Thou hast taken gifts for men, That even the refractory may rest, O Jah God.
• Ps 104:2-9 : 2 Covering himself `with' light as a garment, Stretching out the heavens as a curtain, 3 Who is laying the beam of His upper chambers in the waters, Who is making thick clouds His chariot, Who is walking on wings of wind, 4 Making His messengers -- the winds, His ministers -- the flaming fire. 5 He hath founded earth on its bases, It is not moved to the age and for ever. 6 The abyss! as with clothing Thou hast covered it, Above hills do waters stand. 7 From Thy rebuke they flee, From the voice of Thy thunder haste away. 8 They go up hills -- they go down valleys, Unto a place Thou hast founded for them. 9 A border Thou hast set, they pass not over, They turn not back to cover the earth. 10 Who is sending forth fountains in valleys, Between hills they go on. 11 They water every beast of the field, Wild asses break their thirst. 12 By them the fowl of the heavens doth dwell, From between the branches They give forth the voice. 13 Watering hills from His upper chambers, From the fruit of Thy works is the earth satisfied. 14 Causing grass to spring up for cattle, And herb for the service of man, To bring forth bread from the earth, 15 And wine -- it rejoiceth the heart of man, To cause the face to shine from oil, And bread -- the heart of man it supporteth. 16 Satisfied `are' the trees of Jehovah, Cedars of Lebanon that He hath planted, 17 Where birds do make nests, The stork -- the firs `are' her house. 18 The high hills `are' for wild goats, Rocks `are' a refuge for conies, 19 He made the moon for seasons, The sun hath known his place of entrance. 20 Thou settest darkness, and it is night, In it doth every beast of the forest creep. 21 The young lions are roaring for prey, And to seek from God their food. 22 The sun riseth, they are gathered, And in their dens they crouch. 23 Man goeth forth to his work, And to his service -- till evening. 24 How many have been Thy works, O Jehovah, All of them in wisdom Thou hast made, Full is the earth of thy possessions. 25 This, the sea, great and broad of sides, There `are' moving things -- innumerable, Living creatures -- small with great. 26 There do ships go: leviathan, That Thou hast formed to play in it. 27 All of them unto Thee do look, To give their food in its season. 28 Thou dost give to them -- they gather, Thou dost open Thy hand -- they `are' satisfied `with' good. 29 Thou hidest Thy face -- they are troubled, Thou gatherest their spirit -- they expire, And unto their dust they turn back. 30 Thou sendest out Thy Spirit, they are created, And Thou renewest the face of the ground. 31 The honour of Jehovah is to the age, Jehovah rejoiceth in His works, 32 Who is looking to earth, and it trembleth, He cometh against hills, and they smoke. 33 I sing to Jehovah during my life, I sing praise to my God while I exist. 34 Sweet is my meditation on Him, I -- I do rejoice in Jehovah. 35 Consumed are sinners from the earth, And the wicked are no more. Bless, O my soul, Jehovah. Praise ye Jehovah!
• Deut 28:58 : 58 `If thou dost not observe to do all the words of this law which are written in this book, to fear this honoured and fearful name -- Jehovah thy God --
• Gen 32:29 : 29 And Jacob asketh, and saith, `Declare, I pray thee, thy name;' and he saith, `Why `is' this, thou askest for My name?' and He blesseth him there.
• Exod 3:13-15 : 13 And Moses saith unto God, `Lo, I am coming unto the sons of Israel, and have said to them, The God of your fathers hath sent me unto you, and they have said to me, What `is' His name? what do I say unto them?' 14 And God saith unto Moses, `I AM THAT WHICH I AM;' He saith also, `Thus dost thou say to the sons of Israel, I AM hath sent me unto you.' 15 And God saith again unto Moses, `Thus dost thou say unto the sons of Israel, Jehovah, God of your fathers, God of Abraham, God of Isaac, and God of Jacob, hath sent me unto you; this `is' My name -- to the age, and this My memorial, to generation -- generation.
• Exod 6:3 : 3 and I appear unto Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Jacob, as God Almighty; as to My name Jehovah, I have not been known to them;
• Rom 10:6 : 6 and the righteousness of faith doth thus speak: `Thou mayest not say in thine heart, Who shall go up to the heaven,' that is, Christ to bring down?
• Eph 4:8-9 : 8 wherefore, he saith, `Having gone up on high he led captive captivity, and gave gifts to men,' -- 9 and that, he went up, what is it except that he also went down first to the lower parts of the earth? 10 he who went down is the same also who went up far above all the heavens, that He may fill all things --