Exodus 31:15

American Standard Version (1901)

Six days shall work be done; but on the seventh day is a sabbath of solemn rest, holy to Jehovah; whosoever doeth any work on the sabbath day, he shall surely be put to death.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

שֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִים֮ יֵעָשֶׂ֣ה מְלָאכָה֒ וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י שַׁבַּ֧ת שַׁבָּת֛וֹן קֹ֖דֶשׁ לַיהוָ֑ה כָּל־הָעֹשֶׂ֧ה מְלָאכָ֛ה בְּי֥וֹם הַשַׁבָּ֖ת מ֥וֹת יוּמָֽת׃

Transliteration

Six yāmîm ʿāśâ məlāʾkâ and in-the-yôm the-seventh šabbat šabbātôn qōdeš to-YHWH all-the-ʿāśâ məlāʾkâ in-yôm the-šabbāt môt mût

Grammar Details

• *yāmîm*: noun, masculine plural construct - days of
• *ʿāśâ*: qal participle, masculine singular with definite article and quantifier *kol* - all the one doing
• *məlāʾkâ*: noun, feminine singular - work
• *yôm*: noun, masculine singular construct with preposition *bə* - in day of
• *šabbat*: noun, feminine singular construct - sabbath of
• *šabbātôn*: noun, masculine singular - solemn rest
• *qōdeš*: noun, masculine singular - holiness
• *šabbāt*: noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sabbath
• *môt*: infinitive absolute - surely
• *mût*: hophal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he shall be put to death

Word Meanings

• *yāmîm*: days
• *ʿāśâ*: shall be done/shall be performed
• *məlāʾkâ*: work/labor/occupation
• *šabbat* *šabbātôn*: sabbath of complete rest/absolute sabbath
• *qōdeš*: holy/sacred/set apart
• *môt* *mût*: surely be put to death/certainly die

Referenced Verses

• Lev 23:3 : 3 Six days shall work be done: but on the seventh day is a sabbath of solemn rest, a holy convocation; ye shall do no manner of work: it is a sabbath unto Jehovah in all your dwellings.
• Exod 16:23 : 23 And he said unto them, This is that which Jehovah hath spoken, To-morrow is a solemn rest, a holy sabbath unto Jehovah: bake that which ye will bake, and boil that which ye will boil; and all that remaineth over lay up for you to be kept until the morning.
• Gen 2:2 : 2 And on the seventh day God finished his work which he had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his work which he had made.
• Exod 34:21 : 21 Six days thou shalt work, but on the seventh day thou shalt rest: in plowing time and in harvest thou shalt rest.
• Exod 35:2 : 2 Six days shall work be done; but on the seventh day there shall be to you a holy day, a sabbath of solemn rest to Jehovah: whosoever doeth any work therein shall be put to death.
• Exod 16:26 : 26 Six days ye shall gather it; but on the seventh day is the sabbath, in it there shall be none.
• Exod 20:8-9 : 8 Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy. 9 Six days shalt thou labor, and do all thy work; 10 but the seventh day is a sabbath unto Jehovah thy God: [in it] thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates: 11 for in six days Jehovah made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore Jehovah blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.
• Exod 31:14 : 14 Ye shall keep the sabbath therefore; for it is holy unto you: every one that profaneth it shall surely be put to death; for whosoever doeth any work therein, that soul shall be cut off from among his people.
• Exod 31:17 : 17 It is a sign between me and the children of Israel for ever: for in six days Jehovah made heaven and earth, and on the seventh day he rested, and was refreshed.
• Lev 23:32 : 32 It shall be unto you a sabbath of solemn rest, and ye shall afflict your souls: in the ninth day of the month at even, from even unto even, shall ye keep your sabbath.
• Num 15:32-36 : 32 And while the children of Israel were in the wilderness, they found a man gathering sticks upon the sabbath day. 33 And they that found him gathering sticks brought him unto Moses and Aaron, and unto all the congregation. 34 And they put him in ward, because it had not been declared what should be done to him. 35 And Jehovah said unto Moses, The man shall surely be put to death: all the congregation shall stone him with stones without the camp. 36 And all the congregation brought him without the camp, and stoned him to death with stones; as Jehovah commanded Moses.
• Jer 17:24-27 : 24 And it shall come to pass, if ye diligently hearken unto me, saith Jehovah, to bring in no burden through the gates of this city on the sabbath day, but to hallow the sabbath day, to do no work therein; 25 then shall there enter in by the gates of this city kings and princes sitting upon the throne of David, riding in chariots and on horses, they, and their princes, the men of Judah, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem; and this city shall remain for ever. 26 And they shall come from the cities of Judah, and from the places round about Jerusalem, and from the land of Benjamin, and from the lowland, and from the hill-country, and from the South, bringing burnt-offerings, and sacrifices, and meal-offerings, and frankincense, and bringing [sacrifices of] thanksgiving, unto the house of Jehovah. 27 But if ye will not hearken unto me to hallow the sabbath day, and not to bear a burden and enter in at the gates of Jerusalem on the sabbath day; then will I kindle a fire in the gates thereof, and it shall devour the palaces of Jerusalem, and it shall not be quenched.
• Ezek 46:1 : 1 Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: The gate of the inner court that looketh toward the east shall be shut the six working days; but on the sabbath day it shall be opened, and on the day of the new moon it shall be opened.
• Luke 13:14 : 14 And the ruler of the synagogue, being moved with indignation because Jesus had healed on the sabbath, answered and said to the multitude, There are six days in which men ought to work: in them therefore come and be healed, and not on the day of the sabbath.
• Luke 23:56 : 56 And they returned, and prepared spices and ointments. And on the sabbath they rested according to the commandment.
• Heb 4:9 : 9 There remaineth therefore a sabbath rest for the people of God.