Mark 15:19

American Standard Version (1901)

And they smote his head with a reed, and spat upon him, and bowing their knees worshipped him.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Καὶ ἔτυπτον αὐτοῦ τὴν κεφαλὴν καλάμῳ, καὶ ἐνέπτυον αὐτῷ, καὶ τιθέντες τὰ γόνατα προσεκύνουν αὐτῷ.

Transliteration

And they-etypton of-him the kephalēn with-kalamō, and they-eneptyion on-him, and tithentes the gonata they-prosekyoun to-him.

Grammar Details

• *etypton*: verb, imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd, plural - they were striking/beating
• *kephalēn*: noun, accusative, feminine, singular - head
• *kalamō*: noun, dative, masculine, singular - reed/staff
• *eneptyion*: verb, imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd, plural - they were spitting on
• *tithentes*: participle, present, active, nominative, masculine, plural - placing/bending
• *gonata*: noun, accusative, neuter, plural - knees
• *prosekyoun*: verb, imperfect, active, indicative, 3rd, plural - they were worshiping/kneeling before

Word Meanings

• *etypton*: were striking/were beating/were hitting
• *kephalēn*: head
• *kalamō*: reed/staff/stick
• *eneptyion*: were spitting on/were spitting at
• *tithentes*: placing/bending/setting
• *gonata*: knees
• *prosekyoun*: were worshiping/were kneeling before/were paying homage (in mockery)

Referenced Verses

• Mark 14:65 : 65 And some began to spit on him, and to cover his face, and to buffet him, and to say unto him, Prophesy: and the officers received him with blows of their hands.
• Luke 18:32-33 : 32 For he shall be delivered up unto the Gentiles, and shall be mocked, and shamefully treated, and spit upon: 33 and they shall scourge and kill him: and the third day he shall rise again.
• Luke 22:63 : 63 And the men that held [Jesus] mocked him, and beat him.
• Luke 23:11 : 11 And Herod with his soldiers set him at nought, and mocked him, and arraying him in gorgeous apparel sent him back to Pilate.
• Luke 23:36 : 36 And the soldiers also mocked him, coming to him, offering him vinegar,
• Rom 11:4 : 4 But what saith the answer of God unto him? I have left for myself seven thousand men, who have not bowed the knee to Baal.
• Rom 14:10-11 : 10 But thou, why dost thou judge thy brother? or thou again, why dost thou set at nought thy brother? for we shall all stand before the judgment-seat of God. 11 For it is written, As I live, saith the Lord, to me every knee shall bow, And every tongue shall confess to God.
• Phil 2:10 : 10 that in the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of [things] in heaven and [things] on earth and [things] under the earth,
• Heb 12:2-3 : 2 looking unto Jesus the author and perfecter of [our] faith, who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising shame, and hath sat down at the right hand of the throne of God. 3 For consider him that hath endured such gainsaying of sinners against himself, that ye wax not weary, fainting in your souls.
• Heb 13:13 : 13 Let us therefore go forth unto him without the camp, bearing his reproach.
• Gen 24:52 : 52 And it came to pass, that, when Abraham's servant heard their words, he bowed himself down to the earth unto Jehovah.
• Gen 43:28 : 28 And they said, Thy servant our father is well, he is yet alive. And they bowed the head, and made obeisance.
• 1 Kgs 19:18 : 18 Yet will I leave [me] seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have not bowed unto Baal, and every mouth which hath not kissed him.
• Esth 3:2-5 : 2 And all the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, bowed down, and did reverence to Haman; for the king had so commanded concerning him. But Mordecai bowed not down, nor did him reverence. 3 Then the king's servants, that were in the king's gate, said unto Mordecai, Why transgressest thou the king's commandment? 4 Now it came to pass, when they spake daily unto him, and he hearkened not unto them, that they told Haman, to see whether Mordecai's matters would stand: for he had told them that he was a Jew. [ 5 And when Haman saw that Mordecai bowed not down, nor did him reverence, then was Haman full of wrath.
• Job 13:9 : 9 Is it good that he should search you out? Or as one deceiveth a man, will ye deceive him?
• Job 30:8-9 : 8 [ They are] children of fools, yea, children of base men; They were scourged out of the land. 9 And now I am become their song, Yea, I am a byword unto them. 10 They abhor me, they stand aloof from me, And spare not to spit in my face. 11 For he hath loosed his cord, and afflicted me; And they have cast off the bridle before me. 12 Upon my right hand rise the rabble; They thrust aside my feet, And they cast up against me their ways of destruction.
• Ps 22:6-7 : 6 But I am a worm, and no man; A reproach of men, and despised of the people. 7 All they that see me laugh me to scorn: They shoot out the lip, they shake the head, [saying] ,
• Ps 35:15-17 : 15 But in mine adversity they rejoiced, and gathered themselves together: The abjects gathered themselves together against me, and I knew [it] not; They did tear me, and ceased not: 16 Like the profane mockers in feasts, They gnashed upon me with their teeth. 17 Lord, how long wilt thou look on? Rescue my soul from their destructions, My darling from the lions.
• Ps 69:12 : 12 They that sit in the gate talk of me; And [I am] the song of the drunkards.
• Ps 69:19-20 : 19 Thou knowest my reproach, and my shame, and my dishonor: Mine adversaries are all before thee. 20 Reproach hath broken my heart; and I am full of heaviness: And I looked for some to take pity, but there was none; And for comforters, but I found none.
• Isa 45:23 : 23 By myself have I sworn, the word is gone forth from my mouth [in] righteousness, and shall not return, that unto me every knee shall bow, every tongue shall swear.
• Isa 49:7 : 7 Thus saith Jehovah, the Redeemer of Israel, [and] his Holy One, to him whom man despiseth, to him whom the nation abhorreth, to a servant of rulers: Kings shall see and arise; princes, and they shall worship; because of Jehovah that is faithful, [even] the Holy One of Israel, who hath chosen thee.
• Isa 50:6 : 6 I gave my back to the smiters, and my cheeks to them that plucked off the hair; I hid not my face from shame and spitting.
• Isa 52:14 : 14 Like as many were astonished at thee (his visage was so marred more than any man, and his form more than the sons of men),
• Isa 53:3-5 : 3 He was despised, and rejected of men; a man of sorrows, and acquainted with grief: and as one from whom men hide their face he was despised; and we esteemed him not. 4 Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows; yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. 5 But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities; the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed.
• Mic 5:1 : 1 Now shalt thou gather thyself in troops, O daughter of troops: he hath laid siege against us; they shall smite the judge of Israel with a rod upon the cheek.
• Matt 20:18-19 : 18 Behold, we go up to Jerusalem; and the Son of man shall be delivered unto the chief priests and scribes; and they shall condemn him to death, 19 and shall deliver him unto the Gentiles to mock, and to scourge, and to crucify: and the third day he shall be raised up.
• Mark 9:12 : 12 And he said unto them, Elijah indeed cometh first, and restoreth all things: and how is it written of the Son of man, that he should suffer many things and be set at nought?
• Mark 10:34 : 34 and they shall mock him, and shall spit upon him, and shall scourge him, and shall kill him; and after three days he shall rise again.