Exodus 23:22

American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

But if thou shalt indeed hearken unto his voice, and do all that I speak; then I will be an enemy unto thine enemies, and an adversary unto thine adversaries.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

כִּ֣י אִם־שָׁמֹ֤עַ תִּשְׁמַע֙ בְּקֹל֔וֹ וְעָשִׂ֕יתָ כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר אֲדַבֵּ֑ר וְאָֽיַבְתִּי֙ אֶת־אֹ֣יְבֶ֔יךָ וְצַרְתִּ֖י אֶת־צֹרְרֶֽיךָ׃

Transliteration

For if-šāmōaʿ tišmaʿ in-qōlô and-ʿāśîtā all which ʾădabbēr and-ʾāyabtî ʾet-ʾōyĕbekā and-ṣartî ʾet-ṣōrĕrekā

Grammar Details

• *šāmōaʿ tišmaʿ*: qal infinitive absolute + qal imperfect 2nd person masculine singular - emphatic construction: 'you will surely listen'
• *qōlô*: noun masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his voice
• *ʿāśîtā*: qal perfect 2nd person masculine singular with waw consecutive (functions as imperfect) - you will do
• *ʾădabbēr*: piel imperfect 1st person common singular - I speak/say
• *ʾāyabtî*: qal perfect 1st person common singular with waw consecutive (functions as imperfect) - I will be an enemy to
• *ʾōyĕbekā*: qal participle masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - those who are enemies to you
• *ṣartî*: qal perfect 1st person common singular with waw consecutive (functions as imperfect) - I will be hostile to
• *ṣōrĕrekā*: qal participle masculine plural construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - those who are hostile to you

Word Meanings

• *šāmōaʿ tišmaʿ*: you will surely listen/you will certainly obey
• *ʾāyabtî*: I will be an enemy to/I will oppose/I will be hostile to
• *ʾōyĕbekā*: your enemies/those who are hostile to you
• *ṣartî*: I will be hostile to/I will oppose/I will afflict
• *ṣōrĕrekā*: your adversaries/those who oppress you/your foes

Referenced Verses

• Gen 12:3 : 3 and I will bless them that bless thee, and him that curseth thee will I curse: and in thee shall all the families of the earth be blessed.
• Deut 30:7 : 7 And Jehovah thy God will put all these curses upon thine enemies, and on them that hate thee, that persecuted thee.
• Jer 30:20 : 20 Their children also shall be as aforetime, and their congregation shall be established before me; and I will punish all that oppress them.
• Num 24:9 : 9 He couched, he lay down as a lion, And as a lioness; who shall rouse him up? Blessed be every one that blesseth thee, And cursed be every one that curseth thee.
• Zech 2:8 : 8 For thus saith Jehovah of hosts: After glory hath he sent me unto the nations which plundered you; for he that toucheth you toucheth the apple of his eye.
• Acts 9:4-5 : 4 and he fell upon the earth, and heard a voice saying unto him, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me? 5 And he said, Who art thou, Lord? And he [said], I am Jesus whom thou persecutest: