Romans 1:28

American Standard Version with Strong's Numbers

And even as they {G1381} {G3756} refused to have God in [their] knowledge, God gave them up unto a reprobate mind, to do those things which are not fitting;

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Καὶ καθὼς οὐκ ἐδοκίμασαν τὸν Θεὸν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει, παρέδωκεν αὐτοὺς ὁ Θεὸς εἰς ἀδόκιμον νοῦν, ποιεῖν τὰ μὴ καθήκοντα·

Transliteration

Kai kathōs ouk edokimasan the Theon echein en epignōsei, paredōken autous the Theos eis adokimon noun, poiein the mē kathēkonta·

Grammar Details

• *Kai*: conjunction - and
• *kathōs*: adverb - just as
• *ouk*: negative particle - not
• *edokimasan*: aorist active indicative, 3rd person plural - they approved
• *Theon*: accusative, masculine, singular - God
• *echein*: present active infinitive - to have/retain
• *en*: preposition + dative - in
• *epignōsei*: dative, feminine, singular - knowledge
• *paredōken*: aorist active indicative, 3rd person singular - he gave over
• *autous*: accusative, masculine, plural, personal pronoun - them
• *Theos*: nominative, masculine, singular - God
• *eis*: preposition + accusative - to
• *adokimon*: accusative, masculine, singular, adjective - debased/reprobate
• *noun*: accusative, masculine, singular - mind
• *poiein*: present active infinitive - to do
• *mē*: negative particle - not
• *kathēkonta*: present active participle, accusative, neuter, plural - fitting/proper things

Word Meanings

• *edokimasan*: they approved/thought fit/tested
• *echein*: to have/retain/acknowledge
• *epignōsei*: knowledge/recognition/full knowledge
• *paredōken*: he gave over/delivered/handed over
• *adokimon*: debased/reprobate/unapproved
• *noun*: mind/understanding/intellect
• *kathēkonta*: fitting/proper/appropriate things

Referenced Verses

• Rom 1:21 : 21 because that, knowing God, they glorified him not as God, neither gave thanks; but became vain in their reasonings, and their senseless heart was darkened.
• Rom 1:24 : 24 Wherefore God {G2532} gave them up in the lusts of their hearts unto uncleanness, that their bodies should be dishonored among themselves:
• Jer 9:6 : 6 Thy habitation is in the midst of deceit; through deceit they refuse to know me, saith Jehovah.
• 2 Thess 2:10-12 : 10 and with all deceit of unrighteousness for them that perish; because they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved. 11 And for this cause God sendeth them a working of error, that they should believe a lie: 12 that they all might be judged who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness.
• Titus 1:16 : 16 They profess that they know God; but by their works they deny him, being abominable, and disobedient, and unto every good work reprobate.
• 2 Tim 3:8 : 8 And even as Jannes and Jambres withstood Moses, so do these also withstand the truth. Men corrupted in mind, reprobate concerning the faith.
• Jer 6:30 : 30 Refuse silver shall men call them, because Jehovah hath rejected them.
• 2 Thess 1:8 : 8 rendering vengeance to them that know not God, and to them that obey not the gospel of our Lord Jesus:
• 2 Cor 13:5-7 : 5 Try your own selves, whether ye are in the faith; prove your own selves. Or know ye not as to your own selves, that Jesus Christ is in you? unless indeed ye be {G5100} reprobate. 6 But I hope that ye shall know that we are not reprobate. 7 Now we pray to God that ye {G3361} do no evil; not that we may appear approved, but that ye may do that which is honorable, though we be as reprobate.
• Rom 8:7-8 : 7 because the mind of the flesh is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can it be: 8 and they that are in the flesh cannot please God.
• 1 Cor 15:34 : 34 Awake to soberness righteously, and sin not; for some have no knowledge of God: I speak [this] to move you to shame.
• Eph 5:4 : 4 nor filthiness, nor foolish talking, or jesting, which are not befitting: but rather giving of thanks.
• Hos 4:6 : 6 My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge: because thou hast rejected knowledge, I will also reject thee, that thou shalt be no priest to me: seeing thou hast forgotten the law of thy God, I also will forget thy children.
• Acts 17:23 : 23 For as I passed along, and observed the objects of your worship, I found also an altar with this inscription, TO AN UNKNOWN GOD. What therefore ye worship in ignorance, this I set forth unto you.
• Job 21:14-15 : 14 And they say unto God, Depart from us; For we desire not the knowledge of thy ways. 15 What is the Almighty, that we should serve him? And what profit should we have, if we pray unto him?
• Prov 1:7 : 7 The fear of Jehovah is the beginning of knowledge; [But] the foolish despise wisdom and instruction.
• Prov 1:22 : 22 How long, ye simple ones, will ye love simplicity? And scoffers delight them in scoffing, And fools hate knowledge?
• Prov 1:29 : 29 For that they hated knowledge, And did not choose the fear of Jehovah:
• Prov 5:12-13 : 12 And say, How have I hated instruction, And my heart despised reproof; 13 Neither have I obeyed the voice of my teachers, Nor inclined mine ear to them that instructed me!
• Prov 17:16 : 16 Wherefore is there a price in the hand of a fool to buy wisdom, Seeing he hath no understanding?
• Jer 4:22 : 22 For my people are foolish, they know me not; they are sottish children, and they have no understanding; they are wise to do evil, but to do good they have no knowledge.
• Phlm 1:8 : 8 Wherefore, though I have all boldness in Christ to enjoin thee that which is befitting,
• 2 Pet 3:5 : 5 For this they willfully forget, that there were heavens from of old, and an earth compacted out of water and amidst water, by the word of God;
• Acts 17:32 : 32 Now when they heard of the resurrection of the dead, some mocked; but others said, We will hear thee concerning this {G3303} yet again.
• Rom 1:18 : 18 For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hinder the truth in unrighteousness;
• Rom 1:26 : 26 For this cause God gave them up unto vile passions: for {G5037} their women changed the natural use into that which is against nature:
• 2 Cor 4:4-6 : 4 in whom the god of this world hath blinded {G1519} the minds of the unbelieving, that the light of the gospel of the glory of Christ, who is the image of God, should not dawn [upon them]. 5 For we preach not ourselves, but Christ Jesus as Lord, and ourselves as your servants for Jesus' sake. 6 Seeing it is God, that said, Light shall shine out of darkness, who shined in our hearts, to give the light of the knowledge of the glory of God in the face of Jesus Christ.
• 2 Cor 10:5 : 5 casting down imaginations, and every high thing that is exalted against the knowledge of God, and bringing every thought into captivity to the obedience of Christ;