Luke 18:13

Bible in Basic English (1941)

The tax-farmer, on the other hand, keeping far away, and not lifting up even his eyes to heaven, made signs of grief and said, God, have mercy on me, a sinner.

📖 Grammatical Analysis

Original Text

Καὶ ὁ τελώνης, μακρόθεν ἑστὼς, οὐκ ἤθελεν οὐδὲ τοὺς ὀφθαλμοὺς εἰς τὸν οὐρανὸν ἐπᾶραι, ἀλλʼ ἔτυπτεν εἰς τὸ στῆθος αὐτοῦ, λέγων, Ὁ Θεός ἱλάσθητί μοι τῷ ἁμαρτωλῷ.

Transliteration

And the telōnēs, from-afar hestōs, not ēthelen not-even the ophthalmous into the ouranon eparai, but etypen into the stēthos of-him, legōn, The Theos hilasthēti to-me the hamartōlō.

Grammar Details

• *telōnēs*: nominative masculine singular - tax collector
• *hestōs*: perfect active participle, nominative masculine singular - standing
• *ēthelen*: imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - was willing
• *ophthalmous*: accusative masculine plural - eyes
• *ouranon*: accusative masculine singular - heaven/sky
• *eparai*: aorist active infinitive - to lift up/raise
• *etypen*: imperfect active indicative, 3rd person singular - was beating/striking
• *stēthos*: accusative neuter singular - chest/breast
• *legōn*: present active participle, nominative masculine singular - saying
• *Theos*: nominative masculine singular - God
• *hilasthēti*: aorist passive imperative, 2nd person singular - be merciful/propitious
• *hamartōlō*: dative masculine singular - sinner

Word Meanings

• *telōnēs*: tax collector/publican
• *hestōs*: standing/having stood
• *ēthelen*: was willing/wanted/desired
• *eparai*: to lift up/to raise
• *etypen*: was beating/was striking [repeatedly]
• *stēthos*: chest/breast
• *hilasthēti*: be merciful/be propitious/make atonement for
• *hamartōlō*: sinner/sinful person

Referenced Verses

• Ezra 9:6 : 6 I said, O my God, shame keeps me from lifting up my face to you, my God: for our sins are increased higher than our heads and our evil-doing has come up to heaven.
• Luke 23:48 : 48 And all the people who had come together to see it, when they saw the things which were done, went back again making signs of grief.
• Acts 2:37 : 37 Now when these words came to their ears their hearts were troubled, and they said to Peter and the other Apostles, Brothers, what are we to do?
• Rom 5:8 : 8 But God has made clear his love to us, in that, when we were still sinners, Christ gave his life for us.
• 1 Tim 1:15 : 15 It is a true saying, in which all may put their faith, that Christ Jesus came into the world to give salvation to sinners, of whom I am the chief:
• Heb 4:16 : 16 Then let us come near to the seat of grace without fear, so that mercy may be given to us, and we may get grace for our help in time of need.
• Luke 23:40-43 : 40 But the other, protesting, said, Have you no fear of God? for you have a part in the same punishment, 41 And with reason; for we have the right reward of our acts, but this man has done nothing wrong. 42 And he said, Jesus, keep me in mind when you come in your kingdom. 43 And he said to him, Truly I say to you, Today you will be with me in Paradise.
• 1 John 1:8-9 : 8 If we say that we have no sin, we are false to ourselves and there is nothing true in us. 9 If we say openly that we have done wrong, he is upright and true to his word, giving us forgiveness of sins and making us clean from all evil. 10 If we say that we have no sin, we make him false and his word is not in us.
• Ezek 16:63 : 63 So that, at the memory of these things, you may be at a loss, never opening your mouth because of your shame; when you have my forgiveness for all you have done, says the Lord.
• Isa 64:5-6 : 5 For we have all become like an unclean person, and all our good acts are like a dirty robe: and we have all become old like a dead leaf, and our sins, like the wind, take us away. 6 And there is no one who makes prayer to your name, or who is moved to keep true to you: for your face is veiled from us, and you have given us into the power of our sins.
• Jer 31:18-19 : 18 Certainly Ephraim's words of grief have come to my ears, You have given me training and I have undergone it like a young cow unused to the yoke: let me be turned and come back, for you are the Lord my God. 19 Truly, after I had been turned, I had regret for my ways; and after I had got knowledge, I made signs of sorrow: I was put to shame, truly, I was covered with shame, because I had to undergo the shame of my early years.
• Luke 5:8 : 8 But Simon, when he saw it, went down at the knees of Jesus and said, Go away from me, O Lord, for I am a sinner.
• Luke 7:6-7 : 6 And Jesus went with them. And when he was not far from the house, the man sent friends to him, saying, Lord, do not give yourself trouble: for I am not important enough for you to come into my house: 7 And I had the feeling that I was not even good enough to come to you: but say the word only, and my servant will be well.
• Luke 15:18-21 : 18 I will get up and go to my father, and will say to him, Father, I have done wrong, against heaven and in your eyes: 19 I am no longer good enough to be named your son: make me like one of your servants. 20 And he got up and went to his father. But while he was still far away, his father saw him and was moved with pity for him and went quickly and took him in his arms and gave him a kiss. 21 And his son said to him, Father, I have done wrong, against heaven and in your eyes: I am no longer good enough to be named your son.
• Luke 17:12 : 12 And when he went into a certain small town he came across ten men who were lepers, and they, keeping themselves at a distance,
• Rom 5:20-21 : 20 And the law came in addition, to make wrongdoing worse; but where there was much sin, there was much more grace: 21 That, as sin had power in death, so grace might have power through righteousness to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.
• 2 Cor 7:11 : 11 For you see what care was produced in you by this very sorrow of yours before God, what clearing of yourselves, what wrath against sin, what fear, what desire, what serious purpose, what punishment. In everything you have made it clear that you are free from sin in this business.
• Heb 8:12 : 12 And I will have mercy on their evil-doing, and I will not keep their sins in mind.
• 2 Chr 33:12-13 : 12 And crying out to the Lord his God in his trouble, he made himself low before the God of his fathers, 13 And made prayer to him; and in answer to his prayer God let him come back to Jerusalem and to his kingdom. Then Manasseh was certain that the Lord was God.
• 2 Chr 33:19 : 19 And the prayer which he made to God, and how God gave him an answer, and all his sin and his wrongdoing, and the places where he made high places and put up pillars of wood and images, before he put away his pride, are recorded in the history of the seers.
• 2 Chr 33:23 : 23 He did not make himself low before the Lord, as his father Manasseh had done, but went on sinning more and more.
• Dan 9:5 : 5 We are sinners, acting wrongly and doing evil; we have gone against you, turning away from your orders and from your laws:
• Dan 9:7-9 : 7 O Lord, righteousness is yours, but shame is on us, even to this day; and on the men of Judah and the people of Jerusalem, and on all Israel, those who are near and those who are far off, in all the countries where you have sent them because of the sin which they have done against you. 8 O Lord, shame is on us, on our kings and our rulers and our fathers, because of our sin against you. 9 With the Lord our God are mercies and forgiveness, for we have gone against him; 10 And have not given ear to the voice of the Lord our God to go in the way of his laws which he put before us by the mouth of his servants the prophets. 11 And all Israel have been sinners against your law, turning away so as not to give ear to your voice: and the curse has been let loose on us, and the oath recorded in the law of Moses, the servant of God, for we have done evil against him.
• Dan 9:18-19 : 18 O my God, let your ear be turned and give hearing; let your eyes be open and see how we have been made waste and the town which is named by your name: for we are not offering our prayers before you because of our righteousness, but because of your great mercies. 19 O Lord, give ear; O Lord, have forgiveness; O Lord, take note and do; let there be no more waiting; for the honour of your name, O my God, because your town and your people are named by your name.
• Matt 9:13 : 13 But go and take to heart the sense of these words, My desire is for mercy, not offerings: for I have come not to get the upright, but sinners.
• Job 42:6 : 6 For this cause I give witness that what I said is false, and in sorrow I take my seat in the dust.
• Ps 25:7 : 7 Do not keep in mind my sins when I was young, or my wrongdoing: let your memory of me be full of mercy, O Lord, because of your righteousness.
• Ps 25:11 : 11 Because of your name, O Lord, let me have forgiveness for my sin, which is very great.
• Ps 40:12 : 12 For unnumbered evils are round about me; my sins have overtaken me, so that I am bent down with their weight; they are more than the hairs of my head, my strength is gone because of them.
• Ps 41:4 : 4 I said, Lord, have mercy on me; make my soul well, because my faith is in you.
• Ps 51:1-3 : 1 <To the chief music-maker. A Psalm. Of David. When Nathan the prophet came to him, after he had gone in to Bath-sheba.> Have pity on me, O God, in your mercy; out of a full heart, take away my sin. 2 Let all my wrongdoing be washed away, and make me clean from evil. 3 For I am conscious of my error; my sin is ever before me.
• Ps 86:15-16 : 15 But you, O Lord, are a God full of pity and forgiveness, slow to get angry, great in mercy and wisdom. 16 O be turned to me and have mercy on me: give your strength to your servant, and your salvation to the son of her who is your servant.
• Ps 106:6 : 6 We are sinners like our fathers, we have done wrong, our acts are evil.
• Ps 119:41 : 41 <VAU> Let your mercies come to me, O Lord, even your salvation, as you have said.
• Ps 130:3-4 : 3 O Jah, if you took note of every sin, who would go free? 4 But there is forgiveness with you, so that you may be feared.
• Ps 130:7 : 7 O Israel, have hope in the Lord; for with the Lord is mercy and full salvation.
• Isa 1:18 : 18 Come now, and let us have an argument together, says the Lord: how may your sins which are red like blood be white as snow? how may their dark purple seem like wool?
• Isa 6:5 : 5 Then I said, The curse is on me, and my fate is destruction; for I am a man of unclean lips, living among a people of unclean lips; for my eyes have seen the King, the Lord of armies.