1 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.31.1",
"source": "וּפְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים נִלְחָמִ֣ים בְּיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיָּנֻ֜סוּ אַנְשֵׁ֤י יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיִּפְּל֥וּ חֲלָלִ֖ים בְּהַ֥ר הַגִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃",
"text": "And *pəlištîm* were *nilḥāmîm* against *yiśrāʾēl*, and *wayyānusu* the men of *yiśrāʾēl* from before *pəlištîm*, and *wayyippəlû* *ḥălālîm* in *har haggilbōaʿ*.",
"grammar": {
"*pəlištîm*": "noun, masculine plural - Philistines",
"*nilḥāmîm*": "verb, niphal participle, masculine plural - fighting/warring",
"*yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wayyānusu*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they fled",
"*wayyippəlû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they fell",
"*ḥălālîm*": "noun, masculine plural - slain/fallen/pierced",
"*har haggilbōaʿ*": "proper noun phrase - Mount Gilboa"
},
"variants": {
"*nilḥāmîm*": "fighting/battling/waging war",
"*ḥălālîm*": "slain ones/pierced ones/fallen ones"
}
}
2 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.31.2",
"source": "וַיַּדְבְּק֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים אֶת־שָׁא֖וּל וְאֶת־בָּנָ֑יו וַיַּכּ֣וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֗ים אֶת־יְהוֹנָתָ֧ן וְאֶת־אֲבִינָדָ֛ב וְאֶת־מַלְכִּי־שׁ֖וּעַ בְּנֵ֥י שָׁאֽוּל׃",
"text": "And *wayyadbəqû* *pəlištîm* *ʾet-šāʾûl* and *ʾet* his sons; and *wayyakkû* *pəlištîm* *ʾet-yəhônātān* and *ʾet-ʾăbînādāb* and *ʾet-malkî-šûaʿ*, sons of *šāʾûl*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyadbəqû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they overtook/pursued",
"*pəlištîm*": "noun, masculine plural - Philistines",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*wayyakkû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they struck/killed",
"*yəhônātān*": "proper noun - Jonathan",
"*ʾăbînādāb*": "proper noun - Abinadab",
"*malkî-šûaʿ*": "proper noun - Malki-Shua"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyadbəqû*": "overtook/pursued closely/caught up with",
"*wayyakkû*": "struck/killed/slew"
}
}
3 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.31.3",
"source": "וַתִּכְבַּ֤ד הַמִּלְחָמָה֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל וַיִּמְצָאֻ֥הוּ הַמּוֹרִ֖ים אֲנָשִׁ֣ים בַּקָּ֑שֶׁת וַיָּ֥חֶל מְאֹ֖ד מֵהַמּוֹרִֽים׃",
"text": "And *wattiḵbad* *hammilḥāmāh* to *šāʾûl*, and *wayyimṣāʾuhû* *hammôrîm*, men *baqqāšet*, and *wayyāḥel* exceedingly from *hammôrîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wattiḵbad*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person feminine singular - and it was heavy/severe",
"*hammilḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*wayyimṣāʾuhû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - and they found him",
"*hammôrîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the archers/shooters",
"*baqqāšet*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular with definite article - with the bow",
"*wayyāḥel*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he was wounded/trembled/was in anguish"
},
"variants": {
"*wattiḵbad*": "became severe/pressed hard/intensified",
"*hammôrîm*": "archers/shooters",
"*wayyāḥel*": "was wounded/was in anguish/trembled/was terrified"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.31.4",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אמֶר שָׁאוּל֩ לְנֹשֵׂ֨א כֵלָ֜יו שְׁלֹ֥ף חַרְבְּךָ֣ ׀ וְדָקְרֵ֣נִי בָ֗הּ פֶּן־יָ֠בוֹאוּ הָעֲרֵלִ֨ים הָאֵ֤לֶּה וּדְקָרֻ֙נִי֙ וְהִתְעַלְּלוּ־בִ֔י וְלֹ֤א אָבָה֙ נֹשֵׂ֣א כֵלָ֔יו כִּ֥י יָרֵ֖א מְאֹ֑ד וַיִּקַּ֤ח שָׁאוּל֙ אֶת־הַחֶ֔רֶב וַיִּפֹּ֖ל עָלֶֽיהָ׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* to *nōśēʾ kēlāyw* '*šəlōp̄* your *ḥarbəḵā* and *wədāqrēnî* with it, lest *pen-yābôʾû* *hāʿărēlîm* *hāʾēlleh* and *ûdəqārūnî* and *wəhitʿalləlû-bî*.' But not *ʾābāh* *nōśēʾ kēlāyw*, for he *yārēʾ* exceedingly; and *wayyiqqaḥ* *šāʾûl* *ʾet-haḥereb* and *wayyippōl* upon it.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*nōśēʾ kēlāyw*": "participle construct + noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - bearer of his weapons/armor-bearer",
"*šəlōp̄*": "verb, qal imperative, masculine singular - draw out",
"*ḥarbəḵā*": "noun, feminine singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your sword",
"*wədāqrēnî*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperative, masculine singular with 1st person singular suffix - and pierce me",
"*pen-yābôʾû*": "conjunction + verb, qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - lest they come",
"*hāʿărēlîm*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the uncircumcised",
"*hāʾēlleh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine plural - these",
"*ûdəqārūnî*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine plural with 1st person singular suffix - and they pierce me",
"*wəhitʿalləlû-bî*": "conjunction + verb, hithpael perfect, 3rd person masculine plural + preposition with 1st person singular suffix - and they abuse me",
"*ʾābāh*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - was willing",
"*yārēʾ*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - feared",
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he took",
"*ʾet-haḥereb*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular with definite article - the sword",
"*wayyippōl*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he fell"
},
"variants": {
"*nōśēʾ kēlāyw*": "armor-bearer/weapons-bearer",
"*šəlōp̄*": "draw/unsheathe/pull out",
"*wədāqrēnî*": "pierce me/thrust me through/stab me",
"*hāʿărēlîm*": "uncircumcised ones/Gentiles/foreigners",
"*wəhitʿalləlû-bî*": "abuse me/mock me/make sport of me",
"*ʾābāh*": "was willing/consented/agreed"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.31.5",
"source": "וַיַּ֥רְא נֹשֵֽׂא־כֵלָ֖יו כִּ֣י מֵ֣ת שָׁא֑וּל וַיִּפֹּ֥ל גַּם־ה֛וּא עַל־חַרְבּ֖וֹ וַיָּ֥מָת עִמּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "And *wayyarʾ* *nōśēʾ-kēlāyw* that *mēt* *šāʾûl*, and *wayyippōl* also he upon his *ḥarbô* and *wayyāmāt* with him.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyarʾ*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he saw",
"*nōśēʾ-kēlāyw*": "participle construct + noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - bearer of his weapons/armor-bearer",
"*mēt*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person masculine singular - died/was dead",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*wayyippōl*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he fell",
"*ḥarbô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sword",
"*wayyāmāt*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he died"
},
"variants": {
"*nōśēʾ-kēlāyw*": "armor-bearer/weapons-bearer",
"*mēt*": "died/was dead"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.31.6",
"source": "וַיָּ֣מָת שָׁא֡וּל וּשְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָיו֩ וְנֹשֵׂ֨א כֵלָ֜יו גַּ֧ם כָּל־אֲנָשָׁ֛יו בַּיּ֥וֹם הַה֖וּא יַחְדָּֽו׃",
"text": "And *wayyāmāt* *šāʾûl* and his three *bānāyw* and *nōśēʾ kēlāyw*, also all his *ʾănāšāyw* *bayyôm* *hahûʾ* *yaḥdāw*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāmāt*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and he died",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*bānāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons",
"*nōśēʾ kēlāyw*": "participle construct + noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - bearer of his weapons/armor-bearer",
"*ʾănāšāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his men",
"*bayyôm*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular with definite article - in the day",
"*hahûʾ*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - that",
"*yaḥdāw*": "adverb - together"
},
"variants": {
"*nōśēʾ kēlāyw*": "armor-bearer/weapons-bearer",
"*ʾănāšāyw*": "his men/his warriors/his soldiers",
"*yaḥdāw*": "together/at the same time/all at once"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.31.7",
"source": "וַיִּרְא֣וּ אַנְשֵֽׁי־יִ֠שְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר־בְּעֵ֨בֶר הָעֵ֜מֶק וַאֲשֶׁ֣ר ׀ בְּעֵ֣בֶר הַיַּרְדֵּ֗ן כִּֽי־נָ֙סוּ֙ אַנְשֵׁ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וְכִי־מֵ֖תוּ שָׁא֣וּל וּבָנָ֑יו וַיַּעַזְב֤וּ אֶת־הֶֽעָרִים֙ וַיָּנֻ֔סוּ וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים וַיֵּֽשְׁב֖וּ בָּהֶֽן׃",
"text": "And *wayyirʾû* *ʾanšê-yiśrāʾēl* who were *ʾăšer-bəʿēber hāʿēmeq* and who were *ʾăšer bəʿēber hayyardēn* that *kî-nāsû* *ʾanšê yiśrāʾēl* and that *wəḵî-mētû* *šāʾûl* and his sons, and *wayyaʿazbû* *ʾet-heʿārîm* and *wayyānusû*, and *wayyābōʾû* *pəlištîm* and *wayyēšəbû* in them.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyirʾû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they saw",
"*ʾanšê-yiśrāʾēl*": "noun, masculine plural construct + proper noun - men of Israel",
"*ʾăšer-bəʿēber hāʿēmeq*": "relative pronoun + preposition + noun with definite article - who were across the valley",
"*ʾăšer bəʿēber hayyardēn*": "relative pronoun + preposition + proper noun with definite article - who were across the Jordan",
"*kî-nāsû*": "conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - that they fled",
"*wəḵî-mētû*": "conjunction + conjunction + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - and that they died",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*wayyaʿazbû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they abandoned",
"*ʾet-heʿārîm*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine plural with definite article - the cities",
"*wayyānusû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they fled",
"*wayyābōʾû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they came",
"*pəlištîm*": "noun, masculine plural - Philistines",
"*wayyēšəbû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they settled/dwelt"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾanšê-yiśrāʾēl*": "men of Israel/Israelites/Israelite men",
"*bəʿēber*": "across/on the other side of/beyond",
"*hāʿēmeq*": "the valley/the plain",
"*hayyardēn*": "the Jordan [River]",
"*wayyaʿazbû*": "abandoned/forsook/left",
"*wayyēšəbû*": "dwelt/settled/lived"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.31.8",
"source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים לְפַשֵּׁ֖ט אֶת־הַחֲלָלִ֑ים וֽ͏ַיִּמְצְא֤וּ אֶת־שָׁאוּל֙ וְאֶת־שְׁלֹ֣שֶׁת בָּנָ֔יו נֹפְלִ֖ים בְּהַ֥ר הַגִּלְבֹּֽעַ׃",
"text": "And *wayəhî* *mimmāḥŏrāt*, and *wayyābōʾû* *pəlištîm* to *ləpaššēṭ* *ʾet-haḥălālîm*, and *wayyimṣəʾû* *ʾet-šāʾûl* and *ʾet* his three *bānāyw* *nōp̄əlîm* on *har haggilbōaʿ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayəhî*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine singular - and it happened",
"*mimmāḥŏrāt*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular - on the next day",
"*wayyābōʾû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they came",
"*pəlištîm*": "noun, masculine plural - Philistines",
"*ləpaššēṭ*": "preposition + verb, piel infinitive construct - to strip",
"*ʾet-haḥălālîm*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural with definite article - the slain",
"*wayyimṣəʾû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they found",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*bānāyw*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his sons",
"*nōp̄əlîm*": "verb, qal participle, masculine plural - fallen",
"*har haggilbōaʿ*": "proper noun phrase - Mount Gilboa"
},
"variants": {
"*wayəhî*": "and it was/and it came to pass/and it happened",
"*mimmāḥŏrāt*": "on the next day/the day after",
"*ləpaššēṭ*": "to strip/to plunder/to despoil",
"*haḥălālîm*": "the slain/the fallen/the dead bodies",
"*nōp̄əlîm*": "fallen/lying dead"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.31.9",
"source": "וַֽיִּכְרְתוּ֙ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ וַיַּפְשִׁ֖יטוּ אֶת־כֵּלָ֑יו וַיְשַׁלְּח֨וּ בְאֶֽרֶץ־פְּלִשְׁתִּ֜ים סָבִ֗יב לְבַשֵּׂ֛ר בֵּ֥ית עֲצַבֵּיהֶ֖ם וְאֶת־הָעָֽם׃",
"text": "And *wayyiḵrətû* *ʾet-rōʾšô* and *wayyap̄šîṭû* *ʾet-kēlāyw*, and *wayəšalləḥû* in *ʾereṣ-pəlištîm* *sābîb* to *ləbaśśēr* *bêt ʿăṣabbêhem* and *ʾet-hāʿām*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiḵrətû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they cut off",
"*ʾet-rōʾšô*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his head",
"*wayyap̄šîṭû*": "verb, hiphil imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they stripped",
"*ʾet-kēlāyw*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his weapons/armor",
"*wayəšalləḥû*": "verb, piel imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they sent",
"*ʾereṣ-pəlištîm*": "noun, feminine singular construct + proper noun - land of Philistines",
"*sābîb*": "adverb - around",
"*ləbaśśēr*": "preposition + verb, piel infinitive construct - to proclaim/announce good news",
"*bêt ʿăṣabbêhem*": "noun, masculine singular construct + noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine plural suffix - house of their idols",
"*ʾet-hāʿām*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine singular with definite article - the people"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiḵrətû*": "cut off/severed/beheaded",
"*kēlāyw*": "his weapons/his armor/his equipment",
"*wayəšalləḥû*": "sent/dispatched/had messengers go",
"*sābîb*": "around/all around/in every direction",
"*ləbaśśēr*": "to announce/to proclaim/to bring news",
"*ʿăṣabbêhem*": "their idols/their images/their gods"
}
}
10 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.31.10",
"source": "וַיָּשִׂ֙מוּ֙ אֶת־כֵּלָ֔יו בֵּ֖ית עַשְׁתָּר֑וֹת וְאֶת־גְּוִיָּתוֹ֙ תָּקְע֔וּ בְּחוֹמַ֖ת בֵּ֥ית שָֽׁן׃",
"text": "And *wayyāśîmû* *ʾet-kēlāyw* in *bêt ʿaštārôt*, and *ʾet-gəwiyyātô* *tāqəʿû* in *bəḥômat bêt šān*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāśîmû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they put",
"*ʾet-kēlāyw*": "direct object marker + noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his weapons/armor",
"*bêt ʿaštārôt*": "noun, masculine singular construct + proper noun - house of Ashtaroth",
"*ʾet-gəwiyyātô*": "direct object marker + noun, feminine singular with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his body/corpse",
"*tāqəʿû*": "verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - they fastened/impaled",
"*bəḥômat*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct - in the wall of",
"*bêt šān*": "proper noun - Beth-shan"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyāśîmû*": "put/placed/deposited",
"*kēlāyw*": "his weapons/his armor/his equipment",
"*ʿaštārôt*": "Ashtaroth/Ashtarte [goddess]",
"*gəwiyyātô*": "his body/his corpse/his dead body",
"*tāqəʿû*": "fastened/impaled/hung up"
}
}
11 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.31.11",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁמְע֣וּ אֵלָ֔יו יֹשְׁבֵ֖י יָבֵ֣ישׁ גִּלְעָ֑ד אֵ֛ת אֲשֶׁר־עָשׂ֥וּ פְלִשְׁתִּ֖ים לְשָׁאֽוּל׃",
"text": "And *wayyišməʿû* to him *yōšəbê yābêš gilʿād* *ʾêt ʾăšer-ʿāśû* *pəlištîm* to *šāʾûl*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyišməʿû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they heard",
"*yōšəbê yābêš gilʿād*": "noun, masculine plural construct + proper noun + proper noun - inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead",
"*ʾêt ʾăšer-ʿāśû*": "direct object marker + relative pronoun + verb, qal perfect, 3rd person common plural - what they had done",
"*pəlištîm*": "noun, masculine plural - Philistines",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyišməʿû*": "heard/heard about/received news",
"*yōšəbê*": "inhabitants/dwellers/citizens",
"*ʿāśû*": "done/did/performed"
}
}
12 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.31.12",
"source": "וַיָּק֜וּמוּ כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ חַיִל֮ וַיֵּלְכ֣וּ כָל־הַלַּיְלָה֒ וַיִּקְח֞וּ אֶת־גְּוִיַּ֣ת שָׁא֗וּל וְאֵת֙ גְּוִיֹּ֣ת בָּנָ֔יו מֵחוֹמַ֖ת בֵּ֣ית שָׁ֑ן וַיָּבֹ֣אוּ יָבֵ֔שָׁה וַיִּשְׂרְפ֥וּ אֹתָ֖ם שָֽׁם׃",
"text": "And *wayyāqûmû* all *ʾîš ḥayil* and *wayyēləḵû* all *hallaylāh*, and *wayyiqḥû* *ʾet-gəwiyyat šāʾûl* and *ʾēt gəwiyyōt bānāyw* from *mēḥômat bêt šān*, and *wayyābōʾû* *yābēšāh* and *wayyiśrəp̄û* them there.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāqûmû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they arose",
"*ʾîš ḥayil*": "noun, masculine singular + noun, masculine singular - man of valor",
"*wayyēləḵû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they went",
"*hallaylāh*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the night",
"*wayyiqḥû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they took",
"*gəwiyyat šāʾûl*": "noun, feminine singular construct + proper noun - body of Saul",
"*gəwiyyōt bānāyw*": "noun, feminine plural construct + noun, masculine plural with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - bodies of his sons",
"*mēḥômat bêt šān*": "preposition + noun, feminine singular construct + proper noun - from the wall of Beth-shan",
"*wayyābōʾû*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they came",
"*yābēšāh*": "proper noun with directional heh - to Jabesh",
"*wayyiśrəp̄û*": "verb, qal imperfect consecutive, 3rd person masculine plural - and they burned"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾîš ḥayil*": "valiant man/brave man/man of valor",
"*wayyiqḥû*": "took/carried/retrieved",
"*gəwiyyat*": "body/corpse/dead body",
"*wayyiśrəp̄û*": "burned/cremated"
}
}