43{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.43",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ אֶל־דָּוִ֔ד הֲכֶ֣לֶב אָנֹ֔כִי כִּֽי־אַתָּ֥ה בָֽא־אֵלַ֖י בַּמַּקְל֑וֹת וַיְקַלֵּ֧ל הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛י אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בֵּאלֹהָֽיו׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the-*pəlištî* to-*dāwid*, \"?*keleb* *ʾānōkî* that-you *bāʾ*-to-me with-the-*maqlôt*?\" And *wayqallēl* the-*pəlištî* *ʾet*-*dāwid* by-*ʾĕlōhāyw*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*keleb*": "noun, masculine singular - dog",
"*ʾānōkî*": "1st singular independent pronoun - I",
"*bāʾ*": "Qal participle masculine singular construct of *bwʾ* - coming/approaching",
"*maqlôt*": "noun, masculine plural - staves/rods/sticks",
"*wayqallēl*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Piel imperfect of *qll* - and he cursed",
"*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his gods"
},
"variants": {
"*keleb*": "dog/contemptible person",
"*bāʾ*": "coming/approaching/attacking",
"*maqlôt*": "staves/sticks/clubs/rods",
"*wayqallēl*": "cursed/reviled/insulted",
"*ʾĕlōhāyw*": "his gods/his deities/his divine beings"
}
}
44{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.44",
"source": "וַיֹּ֥אמֶר הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י אֶל־דָּוִ֑ד לְכָ֣ה אֵלַ֔י וְאֶתְּנָה֙ אֶת־בְּשָׂ֣רְךָ֔ לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְבֶהֱמַ֥ת הַשָּׂדֶֽה׃ ס",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* the-*pəlištî* to-*dāwid*, \"*ləkâ* to-me, and *ʾettənâ* *ʾet*-*bəśārəkā* to-*ʿôp* the-*šāmayim* and-to-*behĕmat* the-*śādeh*. *s*\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ləkâ*": "Qal imperative masculine singular of *hlk* + directional he - come",
"*ʾettənâ*": "1st singular Qal imperfect cohortative of *ntn* - I will give",
"*bəśārəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your flesh",
"*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds/fowl",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine dual - heavens/sky",
"*behĕmat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts/animals",
"*śādeh*": "noun, masculine singular - field",
"*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text"
},
"variants": {
"*ləkâ*": "come/approach/go",
"*ʾettənâ*": "I will give/I will provide/I will offer",
"*bəśārəkā*": "your flesh/your body/your carcass",
"*ʿôp*": "birds/fowl/flying creatures",
"*šāmayim*": "heavens/sky",
"*behĕmat*": "beasts/animals/wildlife",
"*śādeh*": "field/open country/wilderness"
}
}
45{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.45",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י אַתָּה֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י בְּחֶ֖רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֣ית וּבְכִיד֑וֹן וְאָנֹכִ֣י בָֽא־אֵלֶ֗יךָ בְּשֵׁם֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת אֱלֹהֵ֛י מַעַרְכ֥וֹת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר חֵרַֽפְתָּ׃",
"text": "*wə-yōʾmer* *Dāwid* to-the-*pəlištî* you *bāʾ* to-me with-*ḥereb* and-with-*ḥănît* and-with-*kîdôn* and-I *bāʾ*-to-you in-*šēm* *YHWH* *ṣəbāʾôt* *ʾĕlōhê* *maʿărəkôt* *Yiśrāʾēl* whom you-have-*ḥēraptā*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and said",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - coming/approaching",
"*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword",
"*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular - spear",
"*kîdôn*": "noun, masculine singular - javelin/scimitar",
"*bāʾ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - coming/approaching",
"*šēm*": "noun, masculine singular construct - name of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)",
"*ṣəbāʾôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - of hosts/armies",
"*ʾĕlōhê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - God of",
"*maʿărəkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - armies/ranks of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*ḥēraptā*": "piel perfect, 2nd masculine singular - you have defied/taunted/reproached"
},
"variants": {
"*kîdôn*": "javelin/scimitar/short spear",
"*ṣəbāʾôt*": "armies/hosts/heavenly forces",
"*maʿărəkôt*": "battle lines/ranks/armies",
"*ḥēraptā*": "defied/taunted/reproached/insulted"
}
}
46{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.46",
"source": "הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֡ה יְסַגֶּרְךָ֩ יְהוָ֨ה בְּיָדִ֜י וְהִכִּיתִ֗ךָ וַהֲסִרֹתִ֤י אֶת־רֹֽאשְׁךָ֙ מֵעָלֶ֔יךָ וְנָ֨תַתִּ֜י פֶּ֣גֶר מַחֲנֵ֤ה פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֔ה לְע֥וֹף הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וּלְחַיַּ֣ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־הָאָ֔רֶץ כִּ֛י יֵ֥שׁ אֱלֹהִ֖ים לְיִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃",
"text": "the-*yôm* the-*zeh* *yəsaggerəkā* *YHWH* in-*yād*-my and-*hikkîtîkā* and-*hăsirōtî* *ʾet*-*rōʾš*-your from-upon-you and-*nātattî* *peger* *maḥănēh* *pəlištîm* the-*yôm* the-*zeh* to-*ʿôp* the-*šāmayim* and-to-*ḥayyat* the-*ʾāreṣ* and-*yēdəʿû* all-the-*ʾāreṣ* that *yēš* *ʾĕlōhîm* to-*Yiśrāʾēl*",
"grammar": {
"*yôm*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the day",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this",
"*yəsaggerəkā*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - he will deliver you",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)",
"*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st person suffix - my hand",
"*hikkîtîkā*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - I will strike you",
"*hăsirōtî*": "hiphil perfect, 1st singular - I will remove",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your head",
"*nātattî*": "qal perfect, 1st singular - I will give",
"*peger*": "noun, masculine singular construct - carcass/corpse of",
"*maḥănēh*": "noun, masculine singular construct - camp/army of",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines",
"*ʿôp*": "noun, masculine singular construct - birds/fowl of",
"*šāmayim*": "noun, masculine plural with definite article - the heavens",
"*ḥayyat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - beasts/animals of",
"*ʾāreṣ*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the earth/land",
"*yēdəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will know",
"*yēš*": "existential particle - there is/exists",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel"
},
"variants": {
"*yəsaggerəkā*": "deliver you/shut you up/enclose you",
"*peger*": "corpse/carcass/dead body",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods (grammatically plural form used for singular deity)"
}
}
47{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.47",
"source": "וְיֵֽדְעוּ֙ כָּל־הַקָּהָ֣ל הַזֶּ֔ה כִּֽי־לֹ֛א בְּחֶ֥רֶב וּבַחֲנִ֖ית יְהוֹשִׁ֣יעַ יְהוָ֑ה כִּ֤י לַֽיהוָה֙ הַמִּלְחָמָ֔ה וְנָתַ֥ן אֶתְכֶ֖ם בְּיָדֵֽנוּ׃",
"text": "and-*yēdəʿû* all-the-*qāhāl* the-*zeh* that-not with-*ḥereb* and-with-*ḥănît* *yəhôšîaʿ* *YHWH* for to-*YHWH* the-*milḥāmāh* and-*nātan* *ʾetkem* in-*yād*-our",
"grammar": {
"*yēdəʿû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd plural - they will know",
"*qāhāl*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - assembly/congregation",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative adjective, masculine singular - this",
"*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword",
"*ḥănît*": "noun, feminine singular - spear",
"*yəhôšîaʿ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - he saves/delivers",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - the LORD (divine name)",
"*milḥāmāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle/war",
"*nātan*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he will give",
"*ʾetkem*": "direct object marker with 2nd masculine plural suffix - you (plural)",
"*yād*": "noun, feminine singular construct with 1st plural suffix - our hand"
},
"variants": {
"*qāhāl*": "assembly/congregation/group",
"*yəhôšîaʿ*": "saves/delivers/rescues",
"*milḥāmāh*": "battle/war/fight"
}
}
48{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.48",
"source": "וְהָיָה֙ כִּֽי־קָ֣ם הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔י וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ וַיִּקְרַ֖ב לִקְרַ֣את דָּוִ֑ד וַיְמַהֵ֣ר דָּוִ֔ד וַיָּ֥רָץ הַמַּעֲרָכָ֖ה לִקְרַ֥את הַפְּלִשְׁתִּֽי׃",
"text": "and-*hāyāh* when-*qām* the-*pəlištî* *wə-yēlek* and-*yiqrab* to-*qirʾat* *Dāwid* and-*yəmahēr* *Dāwid* and-*yāroṣ* the-*maʿărākāh* to-*qirʾat* the-*pəlištî*",
"grammar": {
"*hāyāh*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - it happened/was",
"*qām*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - arose/stood up",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*wə-yēlek*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and went/walked",
"*yiqrab*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - approached/drew near",
"*qirʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - meeting of",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David",
"*yəmahēr*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - hastened/hurried",
"*yāroṣ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - ran",
"*maʿărākāh*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the battle line/array",
"*qirʾat*": "noun, feminine singular construct - meeting of",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine"
},
"variants": {
"*maʿărākāh*": "battle line/formation/ranks/array"
}
}
49{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.49",
"source": "וַיִּשְׁלַח֩ דָּוִ֨ד אֶת־יָד֜וֹ אֶל־הַכֶּ֗לִי וַיִּקַּ֨ח מִשָּׁ֥ם אֶ֙בֶן֙ וַיְקַלַּ֔ע וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י אֶל־מִצְח֑וֹ וַתִּטְבַּ֤ע הָאֶ֙בֶן֙ בְּמִצְח֔וֹ וַיִּפֹּ֥ל עַל־פָּנָ֖יו אָֽרְצָה׃",
"text": "*wə-yišlaḥ* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-*yād*-his to-the-*kelî* *wə-yiqqaḥ* from-there *ʾeben* and-*yəqallaʿ* and-*yaḵ* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištî* to-*mēṣaḥ*-his *wa-tiṭbaʿ* the-*ʾeben* in-*mēṣaḥ*-his and-*yippōl* on-*pānîm*-his *ʾarṣāh*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yišlaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and sent/put out",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David",
"*yād*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his hand",
"*kelî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the vessel/bag/pouch",
"*wə-yiqqaḥ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and took",
"*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular - stone",
"*yəqallaʿ*": "piel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - slung/hurled",
"*yaḵ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - struck",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*mēṣaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his forehead",
"*wa-tiṭbaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd feminine singular - and sank/penetrated",
"*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the stone",
"*mēṣaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his forehead",
"*yippōl*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - fell",
"*pānîm*": "noun, masculine plural with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his face",
"*ʾarṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular with directional suffix - to the ground"
},
"variants": {
"*kelî*": "vessel/bag/pouch/equipment",
"*yəqallaʿ*": "slung/hurled/shot",
"*tiṭbaʿ*": "sank/penetrated/embedded"
}
}
50{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.50",
"source": "וַיֶּחֱזַ֨ק דָּוִ֤ד מִן־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּי֙ בַּקֶּ֣לַע וּבָאֶ֔בֶן וַיַּ֥ךְ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י וַיְמִיתֵ֑הוּ וְחֶ֖רֶב אֵ֥ין בְּיַד־דָּוִֽד׃",
"text": "*wə-yeḥĕzaq* *Dāwid* from-the-*pəlištî* with-the-*qelaʿ* and-with-the-*ʾeben* and-*yaḵ* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištî* and-*yəmîtēhû* and-*ḥereb* *ʾên* in-*yad*-*Dāwid*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yeḥĕzaq*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and prevailed/was stronger",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*qelaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the sling",
"*ʾeben*": "noun, feminine singular with definite article - the stone",
"*yaḵ*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - struck",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*yəmîtēhû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - killed him",
"*ḥereb*": "noun, feminine singular - sword",
"*ʾên*": "negative existential particle - there was not",
"*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand of",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David"
},
"variants": {
"*yeḥĕzaq*": "prevailed/was stronger/overcame",
"*qelaʿ*": "sling/slingshot"
}
}
51{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.51",
"source": "וַיָּ֣רָץ דָּ֠וִד וַיַּעֲמֹ֨ד אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֜י וַיִּקַּ֣ח אֶת־חַ֠רְבּוֹ וַֽיִּשְׁלְפָ֤הּ מִתַּעְרָהּ֙ וַיְמֹ֣תְתֵ֔הוּ וַיִּכְרָת־בָּ֖הּ אֶת־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיִּרְא֧וּ הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֛ים כִּֽי־מֵ֥ת גִּבּוֹרָ֖ם וַיָּנֻֽסוּ׃",
"text": "*wə-yāroṣ* *Dāwid* and-*yaʿămōd* to-the-*pəlištî* and-*yiqqaḥ* *ʾet*-*ḥarbô* and-*yišləpāhh* from-*taʿrāh* and-*yəmōtətēhû* and-*yiḵrōt*-with-it *ʾet*-*rōʾš*-his and-*yirʾû* the-*pəlištîm* that-*mēt* *gibbôrām* and-*yānusû*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yāroṣ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - and ran",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine - David",
"*yaʿămōd*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - stood",
"*pəlištî*": "noun, masculine singular with definite article - the Philistine",
"*yiqqaḥ*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - took",
"*ḥarbô*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his sword",
"*yišləpāhh*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - drew it",
"*taʿrāh*": "noun, feminine singular with 3rd feminine singular suffix - its sheath",
"*yəmōtətēhû*": "polel imperfect, 3rd masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - killed him",
"*yiḵrōt*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine singular - cut off",
"*rōʾš*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head",
"*yirʾû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - saw",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural with definite article - the Philistines",
"*mēt*": "qal perfect, 3rd masculine singular - died/was dead",
"*gibbôrām*": "noun, masculine singular with 3rd masculine plural suffix - their champion/mighty man",
"*yānusû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - fled"
},
"variants": {
"*yišləpāhh*": "drew it/pulled it out",
"*yəmōtətēhû*": "killed him/put him to death",
"*gibbôrām*": "champion/mighty man/warrior"
}
}
52{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.52",
"source": "וַיָּקֻ֣מוּ אַנְשֵׁי֩ יִשְׂרָאֵ֨ל וִיהוּדָ֜ה וַיָּרִ֗עוּ וַֽיִּרְדְּפוּ֙ אֶת־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים עַד־בּוֹאֲךָ֣ גַ֔יְא וְעַ֖ד שַׁעֲרֵ֣י עֶקְר֑וֹן וַֽיִּפְּל֞וּ חַֽלְלֵ֤י פְלִשְׁתִּים֙ בְּדֶ֣רֶךְ שַׁעֲרַ֔יִם וְעַד־גַּ֖ת וְעַד־עֶקְרֽוֹן",
"text": "*wə-yāqumû* *ʾanšê* *Yiśrāʾēl* and-*Yəhûdāh* and-*yārîʿû* and-*yirdəpû* *ʾet*-the-*pəlištîm* until-*bôʾăḵā* *gayʾ* and-until *šaʿărê* *ʿeqrôn* and-*yippəlû* *ḥalələê* *pəlištîm* in-*dereḵ* *šaʿărayim* and-until-*gat* and-until-*ʿeqrôn*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-yāqumû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - and arose/stood up",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*Yəhûdāh*": "proper noun - Judah",
"*yārîʿû*": "hiphil imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - shouted",
"*yirdəpû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - pursued",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural with definite article - the Philistines",
"*bôʾăḵā*": "qal infinitive construct with 2nd masculine singular suffix - your coming/entrance to",
"*gayʾ*": "noun, masculine singular - valley",
"*šaʿărê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - gates of",
"*ʿeqrôn*": "proper noun - Ekron",
"*yippəlû*": "qal imperfect, 3rd masculine plural - fell",
"*ḥalələê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - wounded/slain of",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun, masculine plural - Philistines",
"*dereḵ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - way/road of",
"*šaʿărayim*": "proper noun - Shaaraim",
"*gat*": "proper noun - Gath",
"*ʿeqrôn*": "proper noun - Ekron"
},
"variants": {
"*yārîʿû*": "shouted/raised war cry",
"*ḥalələê*": "wounded/slain/fallen",
"*šaʿărayim*": "proper name Shaaraim/possibly 'two gates'"
}
}