31{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.31",
"source": "וַיְּ[t]שָּֽׁמְעוּ֙ הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֖ר דִּבֶּ֣ר דָּוִ֑ד וַיַּגִּ֥דוּ לִפְנֵֽי־שָׁא֖וּל וַיִּקָּחֵֽהוּ׃",
"text": "And *wayyiššāmʿû* the-*dəbārîm* which *dibbēr* *dāwid*; and *wayyaggidû* before-*šāʾûl* and *wayyiqqāḥēhû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiššāmʿû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural Niphal imperfect of *šmʿ* - and they were heard",
"*dəbārîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct - words/things/matters",
"*dibbēr*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect of *dbr* - spoke/said",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*wayyaggidû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine plural Hiphil imperfect of *ngd* - and they reported/told",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*wayyiqqāḥēhû*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *lqḥ* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - and he took him"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiššāmʿû*": "were heard/became known",
"*dəbārîm*": "words/matters/things",
"*dibbēr*": "spoke/said/uttered",
"*wayyaggidû*": "told/reported/declared",
"*wayyiqqāḥēhû*": "took him/summoned him/fetched him"
}
}
32{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.32",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל אַל־יִפֹּ֥ל לֵב־אָדָ֖ם עָלָ֑יו עַבְדְּךָ֣ יֵלֵ֔ךְ וְנִלְחַ֖ם עִם־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֥י הַזֶּֽה׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* to-*šāʾûl*, \"Not-*yippōl* *lēb*-*ʾādām* upon-him; *ʿabdəkā* *yēlēk* and *nilḥam* with-the-*pəlištî* the-*zeh*.\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*yippōl*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *npl* - he will fall",
"*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart",
"*ʾādām*": "noun, masculine singular - man/person",
"*ʿabdəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant",
"*yēlēk*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *hlk* - he will go",
"*nilḥam*": "3rd masculine singular Niphal perfect of *lḥm* - he will fight",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this"
},
"variants": {
"*yippōl*": "fall/fail/falter",
"*lēb*": "heart/mind/courage",
"*ʾādām*": "man/person/anyone",
"*nilḥam*": "fight/do battle with",
"*pəlištî*": "Philistine (member of the sea peoples)"
}
}
33{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.33",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל אֶל־דָּוִ֗ד לֹ֤א תוּכַל֙ לָלֶ֙כֶת֙ אֶל־הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֣י הַזֶּ֔ה לְהִלָּחֵ֖ם עִמּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־נַ֣עַר אַ֔תָּה וְה֛וּא אִ֥ישׁ מִלְחָמָ֖ה מִנְּעֻרָֽיו׃ ס",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* to-*dāwid*, \"Not *tûkal* to-*lāleket* to-the-*pəlištî* the-*zeh* to-*hīllāḥēm* with-him, for-*naʿar* *ʾattāh*, and-he *ʾîš* *milḥāmâ* from-*nəʿurāyw*. *s*\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*tûkal*": "2nd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ykl* - you are able",
"*lāleket*": "preposition + Qal infinitive construct of *hlk* - to go",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*hīllāḥēm*": "Niphal infinitive construct of *lḥm* - to fight",
"*naʿar*": "noun, masculine singular - youth/boy",
"*ʾattāh*": "2nd masculine singular independent pronoun - you",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular construct - man of",
"*milḥāmâ*": "noun, feminine singular - war/battle",
"*nəʿurāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his youth",
"*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text"
},
"variants": {
"*tûkal*": "be able/prevail/succeed",
"*naʿar*": "boy/youth/servant",
"*ʾîš*": "man/person/warrior",
"*milḥāmâ*": "war/battle/warfare",
"*nəʿurāyw*": "his youth/his young age/his adolescence"
}
}
34{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.34",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר דָּוִד֙ אֶל־שָׁא֔וּל רֹעֶ֨ה הָיָ֧ה עַבְדְּךָ֛ לְאָבִ֖יו בַּצֹּ֑אן וּבָ֤א הָֽאֲרִי֙ וְאֶת־הַדּ֔וֹב וְנָשָׂ֥א שֶׂ֖ה מֵהָעֵֽדֶר׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid* to-*šāʾûl*, \"*rōʿeh* *hāyâ* *ʿabdəkā* to-*ʾābîw* with-the-*ṣōʾn*, and-*bāʾ* the-*ʾărî* and-*ʾet*-the-*dôb*, and-*nāśāʾ* *śeh* from-the-*ʿēder*.\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*rōʿeh*": "Qal active participle of *rʿh*, masculine singular - shepherding",
"*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *hyh* - was",
"*ʿabdəkā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant",
"*ʾābîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his father",
"*ṣōʾn*": "noun, common singular collective - flock/sheep",
"*bāʾ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *bwʾ* - came",
"*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion",
"*dôb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear",
"*nāśāʾ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *nśʾ* - carried/took",
"*śeh*": "noun, masculine singular - sheep/lamb",
"*ʿēder*": "noun, masculine singular - flock"
},
"variants": {
"*rōʿeh*": "shepherd/one who tends",
"*ṣōʾn*": "sheep/flock/small livestock",
"*ʾărî*": "lion/predator",
"*dôb*": "bear/predator",
"*nāśāʾ*": "took/carried/lifted",
"*śeh*": "lamb/sheep/one of the flock",
"*ʿēder*": "flock/herd"
}
}
35{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.35",
"source": "וְיָצָ֧אתִי אַחֲרָ֛יו וְהִכִּתִ֖יו וְהִצַּ֣לְתִּי מִפִּ֑יו וַיָּ֣קָם עָלַ֔י וְהֶחֱזַ֙קְתִּי֙ בִּזְקָנ֔וֹ וְהִכִּתִ֖יו וַהֲמִיתִּֽיו׃",
"text": "And-*yāṣāʾtî* after-him and-*hikkîtîw* and-*hiṣṣaltî* from-*pîw*; and-*wayyāqom* against-me and-*heḥĕzaqtî* by-*zəqānô* and-*hikkîtîw* and-*hămîttîw*.",
"grammar": {
"*yāṣāʾtî*": "1st singular Qal perfect of *yṣʾ* - I went out",
"*hikkîtîw*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *nkh* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I struck him",
"*hiṣṣaltî*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *nṣl* - I rescued/delivered",
"*pîw*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - its mouth",
"*wayyāqom*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *qwm* - and he rose",
"*heḥĕzaqtî*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *ḥzq* - I seized/grasped",
"*zəqānô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his beard",
"*hămîttîw*": "1st singular Hiphil perfect of *mwt* + 3rd masculine singular suffix - I killed him"
},
"variants": {
"*yāṣāʾtî*": "went out/pursued/chased",
"*hikkîtîw*": "struck him/attacked him/hit him",
"*hiṣṣaltî*": "rescued/delivered/saved",
"*pîw*": "his mouth/its jaws",
"*wayyāqom*": "rose up/stood up/attacked",
"*heḥĕzaqtî*": "seized/grasped firmly/took hold of",
"*zəqānô*": "his beard/its mane",
"*hămîttîw*": "killed him/put him to death"
}
}
36{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.36",
"source": "גַּ֧ם אֶֽת־הָאֲרִ֛י גַּם־הַדּ֖וֹב הִכָּ֣ה עַבְדֶּ֑ךָ וְֽ֠הָיָה הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֨י הֶעָרֵ֤ל הַזֶּה֙ כְּאַחַ֣ד מֵהֶ֔ם כִּ֣י חֵרֵ֔ף מַעַרְכֹ֖ת אֱלֹהִ֥ים חַיִּֽים׃ ס",
"text": "Both *ʾet*-the-*ʾărî* also-the-*dôb* *hikkâ* *ʿabdekā*; and-*hāyâ* the-*pəlištî* the-*ʿārēl* the-*zeh* like-one of-them, for *ḥērēp* *maʿarkôt* *ʾĕlōhîm* *ḥayyîm*. *s*",
"grammar": {
"*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion",
"*dôb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear",
"*hikkâ*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil perfect of *nkh* - he struck",
"*ʿabdekā*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your servant",
"*hāyâ*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect with waw consecutive - and he will be",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*ʿārēl*": "adjective, masculine singular - uncircumcised",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*ḥērēp*": "3rd masculine singular Piel perfect of *ḥrp* - he reproached/defied",
"*maʿarkôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - ranks/battle lines",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "noun, masculine plural - God",
"*ḥayyîm*": "adjective, masculine plural - living",
"*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾărî*": "lion/predator",
"*dôb*": "bear/predator",
"*hikkâ*": "struck/killed/attacked",
"*ʿārēl*": "uncircumcised/defiled/outsider",
"*ḥērēp*": "defied/reproached/taunted",
"*maʿarkôt*": "ranks/battle lines/armies",
"*ʾĕlōhîm*": "God/gods/divine being",
"*ḥayyîm*": "living/alive"
}
}
37{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.37",
"source": "וַיֹּאמֶר֮ דָּוִד֒ יְהוָ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִצִּלַ֜נִי מִיַּ֤ד הָֽאֲרִי֙ וּמִיַּ֣ד הַדֹּ֔ב ה֣וּא יַצִּילֵ֔נִי מִיַּ֥ד הַפְּלִשְׁתִּ֖י הַזֶּ֑ה ס וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֤וּל אֶל־דָּוִד֙ לֵ֔ךְ וַֽיהוָ֖ה יִהְיֶ֥ה עִמָּֽךְ׃",
"text": "And *wayyōʾmer* *dāwid*, \"*Yhwh* who *hiṣṣilanî* from-*yad* the-*ʾărî* and-from-*yad* the-*dōb*, he *yaṣṣīlēnî* from-*yad* the-*pəlištî* the-*zeh*. *s*\" And *wayyōʾmer* *šāʾûl* to-*dāwid*, \"*lēk* and-*Yhwh* *yihyeh* with-you.\"",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *ʾmr* - and he said",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*Yhwh*": "proper noun - the LORD",
"*hiṣṣilanî*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil perfect of *nṣl* + 1st singular suffix - he rescued me",
"*yad*": "noun, feminine singular construct - hand/power",
"*ʾărî*": "noun, masculine singular - lion",
"*dōb*": "noun, masculine singular - bear",
"*yaṣṣīlēnî*": "3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *nṣl* + 1st singular suffix - he will rescue me",
"*pəlištî*": "gentilic noun, masculine singular - Philistine",
"*zeh*": "demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*lēk*": "masculine singular Qal imperative of *hlk* - go",
"*yihyeh*": "3rd masculine singular Qal imperfect of *hyh* - he will be",
"*s*": "section marker in Hebrew text"
},
"variants": {
"*hiṣṣilanî*": "rescued me/delivered me/saved me",
"*yad*": "hand/power/control",
"*yaṣṣīlēnî*": "will rescue me/will deliver me/will save me",
"*lēk*": "go/proceed/depart"
}
}
38{
"verseID": "1 Samuel.17.38",
"source": "וַיַּלְבֵּ֨שׁ שָׁא֤וּל אֶת־דָּוִד֙ מַדָּ֔יו וְנָתַ֛ן ק֥וֹבַע נְחֹ֖שֶׁת עַל־רֹאשׁ֑וֹ וַיַּלְבֵּ֥שׁ אֹת֖וֹ שִׁרְיֽוֹן׃",
"text": "And *wayyalbēš* *šāʾûl* *ʾet*-*dāwid* *maddāyw* and-*nātan* *kôbaʿ* *nəḥōšet* upon-*rōʾšô*; and *wayyalbēš* *ʾōtô* *širyôn*.",
"grammar": {
"*wayyalbēš*": "waw consecutive + 3rd masculine singular Hiphil imperfect of *lbš* - and he clothed",
"*šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*maddāyw*": "noun, masculine plural construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his garments",
"*nātan*": "3rd masculine singular Qal perfect of *ntn* - he gave/put",
"*kôbaʿ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - helmet",
"*nəḥōšet*": "noun, feminine singular - bronze/copper",
"*rōʾšô*": "noun, masculine singular construct + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his head",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him",
"*širyôn*": "noun, masculine singular - coat of mail/armor"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyalbēš*": "clothed/dressed/attired",
"*maddāyw*": "his garments/his clothes/his military attire",
"*kôbaʿ*": "helmet/head covering",
"*nəḥōšet*": "bronze/copper",
"*širyôn*": "coat of mail/armor/breastplate"
}
}