23 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.23",
"source": "וַֽיְדַבְּר֞וּ עַבְדֵ֤י שָׁאוּל֙ בְּאָזְנֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֖ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה וַיֹּ֣אמֶר דָּוִ֗ד הַֽנְקַלָּ֤ה בְעֵֽינֵיכֶם֙ הִתְחַתֵּ֣ן בַּמֶּ֔לֶךְ וְאָנֹכִ֖י אִֽישׁ־רָ֥שׁ וְנִקְלֶֽה׃",
"text": "And *wa-yədabbərû* *ʿabdê* *Šāʾûl* in *ʾoznê* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-the *dəbārîm* the *ʾēlleh*. And *wa-yōʾmer* *Dāwid*, Is it *ha-nəqallâ* in *ʿênêkem* to *hitḥattēn* with the *melek*, and *ʾānōkî* *ʾîš*-*rāš* and *niqleh*?",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yədabbərû*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3mp - and they spoke",
"*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*bə-ʾoznê*": "preposition + feminine dual construct - in the ears of",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾet-ha-dəbārîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine plural noun - the words",
"*ha-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - these",
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ha-nəqallâ*": "interrogative particle + niphal perfect, 3fs - is it a light thing",
"*bə-ʿênêkem*": "preposition + feminine dual noun + 2mp suffix - in your eyes",
"*hitḥattēn*": "hithpael infinitive construct - to become related by marriage",
"*ba-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the king",
"*wə-ʾānōkî*": "conjunction + 1cs pronoun - and I",
"*ʾîš-rāš*": "masculine singular construct + masculine singular adjective - a poor man",
"*wə-niqleh*": "conjunction + niphal participle, masculine singular - and lightly esteemed"
},
"variants": {
"*dibbēr*": "speak/talk/tell",
"*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official",
"*ʾōzen*": "ear/hearing",
"*dābār*": "word/thing/matter",
"*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/tell",
"*qālal*": "be light/of little account/insignificant",
"*ʿayin*": "eye/sight/appearance",
"*ḥātan*": "become related by marriage/become a son-in-law",
"*melek*": "king/ruler",
"*ʾîš*": "man/husband/person",
"*rāš*": "poor/needy/lacking",
"*qālâ*": "be lightly esteemed/dishonored/of little value"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.24",
"source": "וַיַּגִּ֜דוּ עַבְדֵ֥י שָׁא֛וּל ל֖וֹ לֵאמֹ֑ר כַּדְּבָרִ֥ים הָאֵ֖לֶּה דִּבֶּ֥ר דָּוִֽד׃",
"text": "And *wa-yaggidû* *ʿabdê* *Šāʾûl* to him *lēʾmōr*, like the *dəbārîm* the *ʾēlleh* *dibbēr* *Dāwid*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yaggidû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3mp - and they told",
"*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*lô*": "preposition + 3ms suffix - to him",
"*lēʾmōr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - saying",
"*ka-ddəbārîm*": "preposition + definite article + masculine plural noun - like the words",
"*ha-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - these",
"*dibbēr*": "piel perfect, 3ms - spoke",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David"
},
"variants": {
"*nāgad*": "tell/report/inform",
"*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official",
"*dābār*": "word/thing/matter",
"*dibbēr*": "speak/say/talk"
}
}
25 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.25",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר שָׁא֜וּל כֹּֽה־תֹאמְר֣וּ לְדָוִ֗ד אֵֽין־חֵ֤פֶץ לַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ בְּמֹ֔הַר כִּ֗י בְּמֵאָה֙ עָרְל֣וֹת פְּלִשְׁתִּ֔ים לְהִנָּקֵ֖ם בְּאֹיְבֵ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְשָׁא֣וּל חָשַׁ֔ב לְהַפִּ֥יל אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד בְּיַד־פְּלִשְׁתִּֽים׃",
"text": "And *wa-yōʾmer* *Šāʾûl*, thus-*tōʾmərû* to *Dāwid*, there is no-*ḥēpeṣ* to the *melek* in *mōhar*, but in *mēʾâ* *ʿorlôt* *pəlištîm*, to *hinnāqēm* in *ʾōyəbê* the *melek*. And *Šāʾûl* *ḥāšab* to *happîl* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* by *yad*-*pəlištîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he said",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*kōh-tōʾmərû*": "adverb + qal imperfect, 2mp - thus you shall say",
"*lə-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David",
"*ʾên-ḥēpeṣ*": "negative particle + masculine singular noun - there is no pleasure/desire",
"*la-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the king",
"*bə-mōhar*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - in bride price",
"*kî*": "conjunction - but/except",
"*bə-mēʾâ*": "preposition + feminine singular numeral - in a hundred",
"*ʿorlôt*": "feminine plural construct - foreskins of",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun - Philistines",
"*lə-hinnāqēm*": "preposition + niphal infinitive construct - to be avenged",
"*bə-ʾōyəbê*": "preposition + qal participle, masculine plural construct - on the enemies of",
"*ha-melek*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king",
"*wə-Šāʾûl*": "conjunction + proper noun - and Saul",
"*ḥāšab*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he thought/planned",
"*lə-happîl*": "preposition + hiphil infinitive construct - to cause to fall",
"*ʾet-Dāwid*": "direct object marker + proper noun - David",
"*bə-yad-pəlištîm*": "preposition + feminine singular construct + proper noun - by the hand of the Philistines"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāmar*": "say/speak/tell",
"*ḥēpeṣ*": "delight/pleasure/desire",
"*melek*": "king/ruler",
"*mōhar*": "bride price/dowry",
"*ʿorlâ*": "foreskin",
"*nāqam*": "avenge/take vengeance",
"*ʾōyēb*": "enemy/foe/adversary",
"*ḥāšab*": "think/plan/devise",
"*nāpal*": "fall/be killed/die",
"*yād*": "hand/power"
}
}
26 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.26",
"source": "וַיַּגִּ֨דוּ עֲבָדָ֤יו לְדָוִד֙ אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֔לֶּה וַיִּשַׁ֤ר הַדָּבָר֙ בְּעֵינֵ֣י דָוִ֔ד לְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ן בַּמֶּ֑לֶךְ וְלֹ֥א מָלְא֖וּ הַיָּמִֽים׃",
"text": "And *wa-yaggidû* his *ʿăbādāyw* to *Dāwid* *ʾet*-the *dəbārîm* the *ʾēlleh*; and *wa-yîšar* the *dābār* in *ʿênê* *Dāwid* to *hitḥattēn* with the *melek*. And *lōʾ* *mālʾû* the *yāmîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yaggidû*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3mp - and they told",
"*ʿăbādāyw*": "masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - his servants",
"*lə-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - to David",
"*ʾet-ha-dəbārîm*": "direct object marker + definite article + masculine plural noun - the words",
"*ha-ʾēlleh*": "definite article + demonstrative adjective - these",
"*wa-yîšar*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it was pleasing",
"*ha-dābār*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the matter",
"*bə-ʿênê*": "preposition + feminine dual construct - in the eyes of",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*lə-hitḥattēn*": "preposition + hithpael infinitive construct - to become related by marriage",
"*ba-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the king",
"*wə-lōʾ*": "conjunction + negative particle - and not",
"*mālʾû*": "qal perfect, 3cp - they were fulfilled/completed",
"*ha-yāmîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the days"
},
"variants": {
"*nāgad*": "tell/report/inform",
"*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official",
"*dābār*": "word/thing/matter",
"*yāšar*": "be right/pleasing/good",
"*ʿayin*": "eye/sight/approval",
"*ḥātan*": "become related by marriage/become a son-in-law",
"*melek*": "king/ruler",
"*mālēʾ*": "be full/fulfill/complete",
"*yôm*": "day/time"
}
}
27 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.27",
"source": "וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד וַיֵּ֣לֶךְ ׀ ה֣וּא וַאֲנָשָׁ֗יו וַיַּ֣ךְ בַּפְּלִשְׁתִּים֮ מָאתַ֣יִם אִישׁ֒ וַיָּבֵ֤א דָוִד֙ אֶת־עָרְלֹ֣תֵיהֶ֔ם וַיְמַלְא֣וּם לַמֶּ֔לֶךְ לְהִתְחַתֵּ֖ן בַּמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיִּתֶּן־ל֥וֹ שָׁא֛וּל אֶת־מִיכַ֥ל בִּתּ֖וֹ לְאִשָּֽׁה׃",
"text": "And *wa-yāqom* *Dāwid* and *wa-yēlek* he and his *ʾănāšāyw*, and *wa-yak* in the *pəlištîm* *māʾtayim* *ʾîš*. And *wa-yābēʾ* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-their *ʿorlōtêhem*, and *wa-yəmalʾûm* to the *melek*, to *hitḥattēn* with the *melek*. And *wa-yittēn*-to him *Šāʾûl* *ʾet*-*Mîkal* his *bittô* to *ʾiššâ*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yāqom*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he arose",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*wa-yēlek*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he went",
"*hû*": "3ms pronoun - he",
"*wa-ʾănāšāyw*": "conjunction + masculine plural noun + 3ms suffix - and his men",
"*wa-yak*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he struck",
"*ba-pəlištîm*": "preposition + definite article + proper noun - among the Philistines",
"*māʾtayim*": "masculine dual numeral - two hundred",
"*ʾîš*": "masculine singular noun - men",
"*wa-yābēʾ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he brought",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾet-ʿorlōtêhem*": "direct object marker + feminine plural noun + 3mp suffix - their foreskins",
"*wa-yəmalʾûm*": "conjunction + piel imperfect, 3mp + 3mp suffix - and they filled them/delivered in full number",
"*la-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - to the king",
"*lə-hitḥattēn*": "preposition + hithpael infinitive construct - to become related by marriage",
"*ba-melek*": "preposition + definite article + masculine singular noun - with the king",
"*wa-yittēn-lô*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms + preposition + 3ms suffix - and he gave to him",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ʾet-Mîkal*": "direct object marker + proper noun - Michal",
"*bittô*": "feminine singular noun + 3ms suffix - his daughter",
"*lə-ʾiššâ*": "preposition + feminine singular noun - for a wife"
},
"variants": {
"*qûm*": "arise/stand up/go forth",
"*hālak*": "go/walk/depart",
"*ʾîš*": "man/husband/person",
"*nākâ*": "strike/kill/defeat",
"*pəlištîm*": "Philistines",
"*bôʾ*": "bring/carry/lead",
"*ʿorlâ*": "foreskin",
"*mālēʾ*": "fill/complete/deliver in full",
"*ḥātan*": "become related by marriage/become a son-in-law",
"*melek*": "king/ruler",
"*nātan*": "give/place/put",
"*bat*": "daughter",
"*ʾiššâ*": "woman/wife"
}
}
28 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.28",
"source": "וַיַּ֤רְא שָׁאוּל֙ וַיֵּ֔דַע כִּ֥י יְהוָ֖ה עִם־דָּוִ֑ד וּמִיכַ֥ל בַּת־שָׁא֖וּל אַהֵבַֽתְהוּ׃",
"text": "And *wa-yarʾ* *Šāʾûl* and *wa-yēdaʿ* that *YHWH* with-*Dāwid*; and *Mîkal* *bat*-*Šāʾûl* *ʾăhēbatᵉhû*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yarʾ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he saw",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*wa-yēdaʿ*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he knew",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʿim-Dāwid*": "preposition + proper noun - with David",
"*Mîkal*": "proper noun - Michal",
"*bat-Šāʾûl*": "feminine singular construct + proper noun - daughter of Saul",
"*ʾăhēbatᵉhû*": "qal perfect, 3fs + 3ms suffix - she loved him"
},
"variants": {
"*rāʾâ*": "see/observe/perceive",
"*yādaʿ*": "know/understand/recognize",
"*bat*": "daughter",
"*ʾāhēb*": "love/have affection for"
}
}
29 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.29",
"source": "וַיֹּ֣אסֶף שָׁא֗וּל לֵרֹ֛א מִפְּנֵ֥י דָוִ֖ד ע֑וֹד וַיְהִ֥י שָׁא֛וּל אֹיֵ֥ב אֶת־דָּוִ֖ד כָּל־הַיָּמִֽים׃",
"text": "And *wa-yōʾsep* *Šāʾûl* to *lērōʾ* from *pənê* *Dāwid* *ʿôd*. And *wa-yəhî* *Šāʾûl* *ʾōyēb* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* all-the *yāmîm*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾsep*": "conjunction + hiphil imperfect, 3ms - and he continued/added",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*lērōʾ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to fear",
"*mi-pənê*": "preposition + masculine plural construct - from the presence of",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʿôd*": "adverb - still/yet/again",
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and he became",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*ʾōyēb*": "qal participle, masculine singular - enemy/being hostile",
"*ʾet-Dāwid*": "direct object marker + proper noun - David",
"*kol-ha-yāmîm*": "noun construct + definite article + masculine plural noun - all the days"
},
"variants": {
"*yāsap*": "continue/add/increase",
"*yārēʾ*": "fear/be afraid",
"*pānîm*": "face/presence/front",
"*hāyâ*": "be/become/exist",
"*ʾāyab*": "be an enemy/be hostile to",
"*yôm*": "day/time"
}
}
30 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.18.30",
"source": "וַיֵּצְא֖וּ שָׂרֵ֣י פְלִשְׁתִּ֑ים וַיְהִ֣י ׀ מִדֵּ֣י צֵאתָ֗ם שָׂכַ֤ל דָּוִד֙ מִכֹּל֙ עַבְדֵ֣י שָׁא֔וּל וַיִּיקַ֥ר שְׁמ֖וֹ מְאֹֽד׃",
"text": "And *wa-yēṣəʾû* *śārê* *pəlištîm*, and *wa-yəhî* from *middê* their *ṣēʾtām*, *śākal* *Dāwid* more than all *ʿabdê* *Šāʾûl*; and *wa-yîqqar* his *šəmô* *məʾōd*.",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yēṣəʾû*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3mp - and they went out",
"*śārê*": "masculine plural construct - commanders/officials of",
"*pəlištîm*": "proper noun - Philistines",
"*wa-yəhî*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it happened",
"*mi-ddê*": "preposition + construct noun - from the time of",
"*ṣēʾtām*": "qal infinitive construct + 3mp suffix - their going out",
"*śākal*": "qal perfect, 3ms - he succeeded/acted wisely",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun - David",
"*mi-kōl*": "preposition + noun construct - more than all",
"*ʿabdê*": "masculine plural construct - servants of",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun - Saul",
"*wa-yîqqar*": "conjunction + qal imperfect, 3ms - and it became precious/valued",
"*šəmô*": "masculine singular noun + 3ms suffix - his name",
"*məʾōd*": "adverb - very/exceedingly"
},
"variants": {
"*yāṣāʾ*": "go out/come out/depart",
"*śar*": "commander/official/captain",
"*pəlištîm*": "Philistines",
"*hāyâ*": "be/come to pass/happen",
"*dê*": "enough/sufficiency/as often as",
"*śākal*": "act wisely/succeed/prosper",
"*ʿebed*": "servant/slave/official",
"*yāqar*": "be precious/valuable/esteemed",
"*šēm*": "name/reputation/fame"
}
}