3 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.24.3",
"source": "וַיִּקַּ֣ח שָׁא֗וּל שְׁלֹ֧שֶׁת אֲלָפִ֛ים אִ֥ישׁ בָּח֖וּר מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל וַיֵּ֗לֶךְ לְבַקֵּ֤שׁ אֶת־דָּוִד֙ וַֽאֲנָשָׁ֔יו עַל־פְּנֵ֖י צוּרֵ֥י הַיְּעֵלִֽים׃",
"text": "And *wayyiqqaḥ* *Šāʾûl* three *ʾălāpîm* *ʾîš* *bāḥûr* from all *Yiśrāʾēl* and *wayyēlek* to *baqqēš* *ʾet*-*Dāwid* and his men upon *penê* *ṣûrê* *hayyeʿēlîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *lāqaḥ* - and he took",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul",
"*ʾălāpîm*": "noun, masculine plural construct - thousands of",
"*ʾîš*": "noun, masculine singular - man/men",
"*bāḥûr*": "passive participle, masculine singular - chosen/select",
"*Yiśrāʾēl*": "proper noun - Israel",
"*wayyēlek*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hālak* - and he went",
"*baqqēš*": "infinitive construct, Piel stem - to seek",
"*ʾet*": "direct object marker",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*penê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - faces of/surface of",
"*ṣûrê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - rocks of",
"*hayyeʿēlîm*": "definite article + noun, masculine plural - the wild goats/mountain goats"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiqqaḥ*": "took/selected/chose",
"*bāḥûr*": "chosen/select/elite/young",
"*baqqēš*": "to seek/search for/pursue",
"*ṣûrê*": "rocks/crags/cliffs",
"*hayyeʿēlîm*": "wild goats/mountain goats/ibexes"
}
}
4 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.24.4",
"source": "וַ֠יָּבֹא אֶל־גִּדְר֨וֹת הַצֹּ֤אן עַל־הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ וְשָׁ֣ם מְעָרָ֔ה וַיָּבֹ֥א שָׁא֖וּל לְהָסֵ֣ךְ אֶת־רַגְלָ֑יו וְדָוִד֙ וַאֲנָשָׁ֔יו בְּיַרְכְּתֵ֥י הַמְּעָרָ֖ה יֹשְׁבִֽים׃",
"text": "And *wayyābōʾ* to *gidrôt* *haṣṣōʾn* upon *hadderek* and there *meʿārâ* and *wayyābōʾ* *Šāʾûl* to *hāsēk* *ʾet*-*raglāyw* and *Dāwid* and his men in *yarketê* *hammeʿārâ* *yōšbîm*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *bôʾ* - and he came",
"*gidrôt*": "noun, feminine plural construct - sheepfolds of",
"*haṣṣōʾn*": "definite article + noun, common plural - the sheep/flock",
"*hadderek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the way/road",
"*meʿārâ*": "noun, feminine singular - cave",
"*wayyābōʾ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *bôʾ* - and he came/entered",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul",
"*hāsēk*": "infinitive construct with preposition, Hiphil stem - to cover/relieve",
"*raglāyw*": "noun, feminine dual + 3rd masculine singular suffix - his feet",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*yarketê*": "noun, feminine plural construct - innermost parts/recesses of",
"*hammeʿārâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the cave",
"*yōšbîm*": "participle, masculine plural, Qal stem - sitting/dwelling"
},
"variants": {
"*gidrôt*": "sheepfolds/enclosures/pens",
"*hāsēk*": "to cover/relieve/ease oneself (euphemism for defecation)",
"*yarketê*": "innermost parts/recesses/far end",
"*yōšbîm*": "sitting/dwelling/staying/hiding"
}
}
5 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.24.5",
"source": "וַיֹּאמְרוּ֩ אַנְשֵׁ֨י דָוִ֜ד אֵלָ֗יו הִנֵּ֨ה הַיּ֜וֹם אֲֽשֶׁר־אָמַ֧ר יְהוָ֣ה אֵלֶ֗יךָ הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י נֹתֵ֤ן אֶת־*איביך **אֹֽיִבְךָ֙ בְּיָדֶ֔ךָ וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ לּ֔וֹ כַּאֲשֶׁ֖ר יִטַ֣ב בְּעֵינֶ֑יךָ וַיָּ֣קָם דָּוִ֗ד וַיִּכְרֹ֛ת אֶת־כְּנַֽף־הַמְּעִ֥יל אֲשֶׁר־לְשָׁא֖וּל בַּלָּֽט׃",
"text": "And *wayyōmerû* *ʾanšê* *Dāwid* to him *hinnêh* *hayyôm* which *ʾāmar* *YHWH* to you *hinnêh* *ʾānōkî* *nōtēn* *ʾet*-*ʾōyibkā* in *yādekā* and *weʿāśîtā* to him as *yîṭab* in *ʿênêkā* and *wayyāqom* *Dāwid* and *wayyikrōt* *ʾet*-*kenap*-*hammeʿîl* which to *Šāʾûl* in *ballāṭ*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōmerû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine plural of *ʾāmar* - and they said",
"*ʾanšê*": "noun, masculine plural construct - men of",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*hinnêh*": "demonstrative particle - behold/look",
"*hayyôm*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the day",
"*ʾāmar*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - said/spoke",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʾānōkî*": "personal pronoun, 1st person singular - I",
"*nōtēn*": "participle, masculine singular - giving",
"*ʾōyibkā*": "noun, masculine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your enemy",
"*yādekā*": "noun, feminine singular + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your hand",
"*weʿāśîtā*": "waw-consecutive perfect, 2nd masculine singular - and you will do",
"*yîṭab*": "imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Qal stem - it is good/pleasing",
"*ʿênêkā*": "noun, feminine dual + 2nd masculine singular suffix - your eyes",
"*wayyāqom*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *qûm* - and he arose",
"*wayyikrōt*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *kārat* - and he cut off",
"*kenap*": "noun, masculine singular construct - edge/corner of",
"*hammeʿîl*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the robe",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul",
"*ballāṭ*": "preposition + noun, masculine singular - in secret/quietly"
},
"variants": {
"*ʾāmar*": "said/spoke/promised",
"*nōtēn*": "giving/delivering/handing over",
"*weʿāśîtā*": "you will do/you may do/do",
"*yîṭab*": "is good/pleases/seems right",
"*kenap*": "edge/corner/skirt/extremity",
"*ballāṭ*": "secretly/quietly/gently"
}
}
6 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.24.6",
"source": "וַֽיְהִי֙ אַֽחֲרֵי־כֵ֔ן וַיַּ֥ךְ לֵב־דָּוִ֖ד אֹת֑וֹ עַ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר כָּרַ֔ת אֶת־כָּנָ֖ף אֲשֶׁ֥ר לְשָׁאֽוּל׃ ס",
"text": "And *wayehî* after this and *wayyak* *lēb*-*Dāwid* *ʾōtô* because that *kārat* *ʾet*-*kānāp* which to *Šāʾûl*",
"grammar": {
"*wayehî*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hāyâ* - and it happened/came to pass",
"*wayyak*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *nākâ* - and it struck",
"*lēb*": "noun, masculine singular construct - heart of",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*ʾōtô*": "direct object marker + 3rd masculine singular suffix - him",
"*kārat*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - he cut off",
"*kānāp*": "noun, masculine singular - edge/corner",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul"
},
"variants": {
"*wayehî*": "and it happened/came to pass/was",
"*wayyak*": "struck/smote/beat (metaphorically: troubled/bothered)",
"*lēb*": "heart/mind/conscience",
"*kārat*": "cut off/cut/severed"
}
}
7 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.24.7",
"source": "וַיֹּ֨אמֶר לַאֲנָשָׁ֜יו חָלִ֧ילָה לִּ֣י מֵֽיהוָ֗ה אִם־אֶעֱשֶׂה֩ אֶת־הַדָּבָ֨ר הַזֶּ֤ה לַֽאדֹנִי֙ לִמְשִׁ֣יחַ יְהוָ֔ה לִשְׁלֹ֥חַ יָדִ֖י בּ֑וֹ כִּֽי־מְשִׁ֥יחַ יְהוָ֖ה הֽוּא׃",
"text": "And *wayyōmer* to his men *ḥālîlâ* to me from *YHWH* if *ʾeʿĕśeh* *ʾet*-*haddābār* *hazzeh* to my *ʾadōnî* to *mešîaḥ* *YHWH* to *šĕlōaḥ* my *yādî* against him because *mešîaḥ* *YHWH* he",
"grammar": {
"*wayyōmer*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *ʾāmar* - and he said",
"*ḥālîlâ*": "interjection - far be it",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD",
"*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "imperfect, 1st person singular of *ʿāśâ* - I should do",
"*haddābār*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the thing/word/matter",
"*hazzeh*": "definite article + demonstrative pronoun, masculine singular - this",
"*ʾadōnî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my lord/master",
"*mešîaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - anointed of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD",
"*šĕlōaḥ*": "infinitive construct - to stretch out/send",
"*yādî*": "noun, feminine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my hand",
"*mešîaḥ*": "noun, masculine singular construct - anointed of",
"*YHWH*": "proper noun - Yahweh/LORD"
},
"variants": {
"*ḥālîlâ*": "far be it/God forbid/by no means",
"*ʾeʿĕśeh*": "I should do/I would do/I will do",
"*mešîaḥ*": "anointed one/messiah",
"*šĕlōaḥ*": "to stretch out/send/extend (with hostile intent)"
}
}
8 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.24.8",
"source": "וַיְשַׁסַּ֨ע דָּוִ֤ד אֶת־אֲנָשָׁיו֙ בַּדְּבָרִ֔ים וְלֹ֥א נְתָנָ֖ם לָק֣וּם אֶל־שָׁא֑וּל וְשָׁא֛וּל קָ֥ם מֵהַמְּעָרָ֖ה וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ בַּדָּֽרֶךְ׃ ס",
"text": "And *wayešassaʿ* *Dāwid* *ʾet*-his men with *debārîm* and not *netānām* to *lāqûm* against *Šāʾûl* and *Šāʾûl* *qām* from *hammeʿārâ* and *wayyēlek* in *haddārek*",
"grammar": {
"*wayešassaʿ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Piel stem - and he restrained/rebuked",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*debārîm*": "noun, masculine plural - words",
"*netānām*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular + 3rd masculine plural suffix - he permitted them",
"*lāqûm*": "preposition + infinitive construct - to rise/arise",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul",
"*qām*": "perfect, 3rd masculine singular - arose/got up",
"*hammeʿārâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the cave",
"*wayyēlek*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *hālak* - and he went",
"*haddārek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the way/road"
},
"variants": {
"*wayešassaʿ*": "restrained/rebuked/tore apart (figuratively: divided)/persuaded",
"*debārîm*": "words/matters/things/statements",
"*netānām*": "permitted/allowed/gave them",
"*lāqûm*": "to rise/arise/stand/attack",
"*qām*": "arose/got up/departed"
}
}
9 {
"verseID": "1 Samuel.24.9",
"source": "וַיָּ֨קָם דָּוִ֜ד אַחֲרֵי־כֵ֗ן וַיֵּצֵא֙ *מן־[t] *המערה **מֵֽהַמְּעָרָ֔ה וַיִּקְרָ֧א אַֽחֲרֵי־שָׁא֛וּל לֵאמֹ֖ר אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֑לֶךְ וַיַּבֵּ֤ט שָׁאוּל֙ אַֽחֲרָ֔יו וַיִקֹּ֨ד דָּוִ֥ד אַפַּ֛יִם אַ֖רְצָה וַיִּשְׁתָּֽחוּ׃ ס",
"text": "And *wayyāqom* *Dāwid* after that and *wayyēṣēʾ* from *hammeʿārâ* and *wayyiqrāʾ* after *Šāʾûl* *lēmōr* *ʾădōnî* *hammelek* and *wayyabbēṭ* *Šāʾûl* after him and *wayyiqōd* *Dāwid* *ʾappayim* *ʾarṣāh* and *wayyištāḥû*",
"grammar": {
"*wayyāqom*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *qûm* - and he arose",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*wayyēṣēʾ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *yāṣāʾ* - and he went out",
"*hammeʿārâ*": "definite article + noun, feminine singular - the cave",
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *qārāʾ* - and he called",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul",
"*lēmōr*": "preposition + infinitive construct - saying",
"*ʾădōnî*": "noun, masculine singular + 1st person singular suffix - my lord",
"*hammelek*": "definite article + noun, masculine singular - the king",
"*wayyabbēṭ*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hiphil stem - and he looked",
"*Šāʾûl*": "proper noun, masculine singular - Saul",
"*wayyiqōd*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular of *qādad* - and he bowed down",
"*Dāwid*": "proper noun, masculine singular - David",
"*ʾappayim*": "noun, masculine dual - face/nostrils",
"*ʾarṣāh*": "noun, feminine singular + directional *hê* - to the ground",
"*wayyištāḥû*": "waw-consecutive imperfect, 3rd masculine singular, Hishtaphel stem - and he prostrated himself"
},
"variants": {
"*wayyiqrāʾ*": "called/cried out/proclaimed",
"*ʾappayim*": "face/nostrils (dual form: both sides of face)",
"*wayyištāḥû*": "prostrated himself/bowed down/paid homage"
}
}