19 {
"verseID": "2 Samuel.15.19",
"source": "וַיֹּ֤אמֶר הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ אֶל־אִתַּ֣י הַגִּתִּ֔י לָ֧מָּה תֵלֵ֛ךְ גַּם־אַתָּ֖ה אִתָּ֑נוּ שׁ֣וּב וְשֵׁ֤ב עִם־הַמֶּ֙לֶךְ֙ כִּֽי־נָכְרִ֣י אַ֔תָּה וְגַם־גֹּלֶ֥ה אַתָּ֖ה לִמְקוֹמֶֽךָ׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *ha-meleḵ* *ʾel*-*ʾittay* *ha-gittî* *lāmmâ* *ṯēlēḵ* *gam*-*ʾattâ* *ʾittānû* *šûḇ* *wə-šēḇ* *ʿim*-*ha-meleḵ* *kî*-*noḵrî* *ʾattâ* *wə-gam*-*gōlê* *ʾattâ* *li-mqômḵā*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*ha-meleḵ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto",
"*ʾittay*": "proper noun - Ittai",
"*ha-gittî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective - the Gittite",
"*lāmmâ*": "interrogative adverb - why",
"*ṯēlēḵ*": "qal imperfect, 2nd person masculine singular - you go",
"*gam*": "adverb - also",
"*ʾattâ*": "2nd person masculine singular pronoun - you",
"*ʾittānû*": "preposition with 1st person plural suffix - with us",
"*šûḇ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - return",
"*wə-šēḇ*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine singular - and stay/remain",
"*ʿim*": "preposition - with",
"*kî*": "conjunction - for/because",
"*noḵrî*": "masculine singular adjective - foreigner/stranger",
"*wə-gam*": "conjunction + adverb - and also",
"*gōlê*": "qal participle, masculine singular - exile/being exiled",
"*li-mqômḵā*": "preposition + masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - to your place"
},
"variants": {
"*ṯēlēḵ*": "go/walk/depart",
"*šûḇ*": "return/turn back/go back",
"*šēḇ*": "sit/stay/remain/dwell",
"*noḵrî*": "foreigner/stranger/alien",
"*gōlê*": "exile/displaced person/refugee",
"*mqômḵā*": "your place/homeland/country"
}
}
20 {
"verseID": "2 Samuel.15.20",
"source": "תְּמ֣וֹל ׀ בּוֹאֶ֗ךָ וְהַיּ֞וֹם *אנועך **אֲנִֽיעֲךָ֤ עִמָּ֙נוּ֙ לָלֶ֔כֶת וַאֲנִ֣י הוֹלֵ֔ךְ עַ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־אֲנִ֖י הוֹלֵ֑ךְ שׁ֣וּב וְהָשֵׁ֧ב אֶת־אַחֶ֛יךָ עִמָּ֖ךְ חֶ֥סֶד וֶאֱמֶֽת׃",
"text": "*təmôl* *bôʾḵā* *wə-hayyôm* *ʾănîʿăḵā* *ʿimmānû* *lāleḵeṯ* *wa-ʾănî* *hôlēḵ* *ʿal* *ʾăšer*-*ʾănî* *hôlēḵ* *šûḇ* *wə-hāšēḇ* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾaḥêḵā* *ʿimmāḵ* *ḥeseḏ* *we-ʾĕmeṯ*",
"grammar": {
"*təmôl*": "adverb - yesterday",
"*bôʾḵā*": "qal infinitive construct with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your coming",
"*wə-hayyôm*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun - and today",
"*ʾănîʿăḵā*": "hiphil imperfect, 1st person singular with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - I cause you to wander",
"*ʿimmānû*": "preposition with 1st person plural suffix - with us",
"*lāleḵeṯ*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to go",
"*wa-ʾănî*": "conjunction + 1st person singular pronoun - and I",
"*hôlēḵ*": "qal participle, masculine singular - going",
"*ʿal*": "preposition - to/upon",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - that/which",
"*šûḇ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - return",
"*wə-hāšēḇ*": "conjunction + hiphil imperative, masculine singular - and bring back",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾaḥêḵā*": "masculine plural noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your brothers",
"*ʿimmāḵ*": "preposition with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - with you",
"*ḥeseḏ*": "masculine singular noun - lovingkindness/mercy",
"*we-ʾĕmeṯ*": "conjunction + feminine singular noun - and truth/faithfulness"
},
"variants": {
"*təmôl*": "yesterday/recently",
"*bôʾḵā*": "your coming/arrival",
"*ʾănîʿăḵā*": "I make you wander/I cause you to move/I take you about",
"*hôlēḵ*": "going/walking/traveling",
"*ʾaḥêḵā*": "your brothers/kinsmen/countrymen",
"*ḥeseḏ we-ʾĕmeṯ*": "lovingkindness and truth/faithfulness and loyalty (hendiadys meaning 'true loyalty' or 'faithful kindness')"
}
}
21 {
"verseID": "2 Samuel.15.21",
"source": "וַיַּ֧עַן אִתַּ֛י אֶת־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ וַיֹּאמַ֑ר חַי־יְהוָ֗ה וְחֵי֙ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ כִּ֠י *אִם־בִּמְק֞וֹם אֲשֶׁ֥ר יִֽהְיֶה־שָּׁ֣ם ׀ אֲדֹנִ֣י הַמֶּ֗לֶךְ אִם־לְמָ֙וֶת֙ אִם־לְחַיִּ֔ים כִּי־שָׁ֖ם יִהְיֶ֥ה עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃",
"text": "*wa-yaʿan* *ʾittay* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-meleḵ* *wa-yōʾmar* *ḥay*-*YHWH* *wə-ḥēy* *ʾăḏōnî* *ha-meleḵ* *kî* *ʾim*-*bi-mqôm* *ʾăšer* *yihyê*-*šām* *ʾăḏōnî* *ha-meleḵ* *ʾim*-*lə-māweṯ* *ʾim*-*lə-ḥayyîm* *kî*-*šām* *yihyê* *ʿaḇdḵā*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yaʿan*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he answered",
"*ʾittay*": "proper noun - Ittai",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ha-meleḵ*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the king",
"*wa-yōʾmar*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*ḥay*": "masculine singular adjective construct - life of/as lives",
"*YHWH*": "divine name - LORD",
"*wə-ḥēy*": "conjunction + masculine singular adjective construct - and life of",
"*ʾăḏōnî*": "masculine singular noun with 1st person singular suffix - my lord",
"*kî*": "conjunction - that/because/surely",
"*ʾim*": "conditional particle - if",
"*bi-mqôm*": "preposition + masculine singular noun - in place",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - which/that",
"*yihyê*-*šām*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular + adverb - he will be there",
"*ʾim*-*lə-māweṯ*": "conditional particle + preposition + masculine singular noun - whether for death",
"*ʾim*-*lə-ḥayyîm*": "conditional particle + preposition + masculine plural noun - or for life",
"*kî*-*šām*": "conjunction + adverb - surely there",
"*yihyê*": "qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - he will be",
"*ʿaḇdḵā*": "masculine singular noun with 2nd person masculine singular suffix - your servant"
},
"variants": {
"*yaʿan*": "answer/respond/reply",
"*ḥay-YHWH*": "as YHWH lives (oath formula)",
"*wə-ḥēy ʾăḏōnî ha-meleḵ*": "and as my lord the king lives (oath formula)",
"*bi-mqôm*": "in the place/wherever",
"*ʾim-lə-māweṯ ʾim-lə-ḥayyîm*": "whether for death or for life (idiom for 'in any circumstance')",
"*ʿaḇdḵā*": "your servant (self-reference)"
}
}
22 {
"verseID": "2 Samuel.15.22",
"source": "וַיֹּ֧אמֶר דָּוִ֛ד אֶל־אִתַּ֖י לֵ֣ךְ וַעֲבֹ֑ר וַֽיַּעֲבֹ֞ר אִתַּ֤י הַגִּתִּי֙ וְכָל־אֲנָשָׁ֔יו וְכָל־הַטַּ֖ף אֲשֶׁ֥ר אִתּֽוֹ׃",
"text": "*wa-yōʾmer* *dāwiḏ* *ʾel*-*ʾittay* *lēḵ* *wa-ʿăḇōr* *wa-yaʿăḇōr* *ʾittay* *ha-gittî* *wə-ḵol*-*ʾănāšāyw* *wə-ḵol*-*ha-ṭap* *ʾăšer* *ʾittô*",
"grammar": {
"*wa-yōʾmer*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he said",
"*dāwiḏ*": "proper noun - David",
"*ʾel*": "preposition - to/unto",
"*ʾittay*": "proper noun - Ittai",
"*lēḵ*": "qal imperative, masculine singular - go",
"*wa-ʿăḇōr*": "conjunction + qal imperative, masculine singular - and pass over",
"*wa-yaʿăḇōr*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he passed over",
"*ha-gittî*": "definite article + gentilic adjective - the Gittite",
"*wə-ḵol*": "conjunction + noun - and all",
"*ʾănāšāyw*": "masculine plural noun with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - his men",
"*ha-ṭap*": "definite article + masculine singular collective noun - the little ones",
"*ʾăšer*": "relative particle - who/that",
"*ʾittô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - with him"
},
"variants": {
"*lēḵ*": "go/walk/proceed",
"*ʿăḇōr*": "pass over/cross/go through",
"*ʾănāšāyw*": "his men/people/followers",
"*ṭap*": "little ones/children/dependents (including women and children)"
}
}
23 {
"verseID": "2 Samuel.15.23",
"source": "וְכָל־הָאָ֗רֶץ בּוֹכִים֙ ק֣וֹל גָּד֔וֹל וְכָל־הָעָ֖ם עֹֽבְרִ֑ים וְהַמֶּ֗לֶךְ עֹבֵר֙ בְּנַ֣חַל קִדְר֔וֹן וְכָל־הָעָם֙ עֹבְרִ֔ים עַל־פְּנֵי־דֶ֖רֶךְ אֶת־הַמִּדְבָּֽר׃",
"text": "*wə-ḵol*-*hā-ʾāreṣ* *bôḵîm* *qôl* *gāḏôl* *wə-ḵol*-*hā-ʿām* *ʿōḇrîm* *wə-ha-meleḵ* *ʿōḇēr* *bə-naḥal* *qiḏrôn* *wə-ḵol*-*hā-ʿām* *ʿōḇrîm* *ʿal*-*pənê*-*ḏereḵ* *ʾeṯ*-*ha-miḏbār*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-ḵol*": "conjunction + noun - and all",
"*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the land",
"*bôḵîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - weeping",
"*qôl*": "masculine singular noun construct - voice of",
"*gāḏôl*": "masculine singular adjective - great/loud",
"*hā-ʿām*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the people",
"*ʿōḇrîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - passing over",
"*wə-ha-meleḵ*": "conjunction + definite article + masculine singular noun - and the king",
"*ʿōḇēr*": "qal participle, masculine singular - passing over",
"*bə-naḥal*": "preposition + masculine singular noun construct - in the brook/wadi of",
"*qiḏrôn*": "proper noun - Kidron",
"*ʿal*-*pənê*": "preposition + construct state of masculine plural noun - toward/in the direction of",
"*ḏereḵ*": "masculine singular noun construct - way of",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ha-miḏbār*": "definite article + masculine singular noun - the wilderness"
},
"variants": {
"*hā-ʾāreṣ*": "the land/country/earth (metonymy for inhabitants)",
"*bôḵîm*": "weeping/crying/lamenting",
"*qôl gāḏôl*": "loud voice/great sound (adverbial accusative - 'with a loud voice')",
"*ʿōḇrîm*": "passing over/crossing/proceeding",
"*naḥal*": "brook/wadi/valley",
"*ʿal-pənê-ḏereḵ*": "in the direction of the way/toward the road leading to",
"*miḏbār*": "wilderness/desert/uncultivated land"
}
}
24 {
"verseID": "2 Samuel.15.24",
"source": "וְהִנֵּ֨ה גַם־צָד֜וֹק וְכָֽל־הַלְוִיִּ֣ם אִתּ֗וֹ נֹֽשְׂאִים֙ אֶת־אֲרוֹן֙ בְּרִ֣ית הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיַּצִּ֙קוּ֙ אֶת־אֲר֣וֹן הָאֱלֹהִ֔ים וַיַּ֖עַל אֶבְיָתָ֑ר עַד־תֹּ֥ם כָּל־הָעָ֖ם לַעֲב֥וֹר מִן־הָעִֽיר׃",
"text": "*wə-hinnēh* *gam*-*ṣāḏôq* *wə-ḵol*-*ha-ləwiyyîm* *ʾittô* *nōśəʾîm* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾărôn* *bərîṯ* *hā-ʾĕlōhîm* *wa-yaṣṣiqû* *ʾeṯ*-*ʾărôn* *hā-ʾĕlōhîm* *wa-yaʿal* *ʾeḇyāṯār* *ʿaḏ*-*tōm* *kol*-*hā-ʿām* *la-ʿăḇôr* *min*-*hā-ʿîr*",
"grammar": {
"*wə-hinnēh*": "conjunction + demonstrative particle - and behold",
"*gam*": "adverb - also",
"*ṣāḏôq*": "proper noun - Zadok",
"*wə-ḵol*": "conjunction + noun - and all",
"*ha-ləwiyyîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun - the Levites",
"*ʾittô*": "preposition with 3rd person masculine singular suffix - with him",
"*nōśəʾîm*": "qal participle, masculine plural - carrying/bearing",
"*ʾeṯ*": "direct object marker",
"*ʾărôn*": "masculine singular noun construct - ark of",
"*bərîṯ*": "feminine singular noun construct - covenant of",
"*hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "definite article + masculine plural noun (divine title) - God",
"*wa-yaṣṣiqû*": "waw consecutive + hiphil imperfect, 3rd person masculine plural - and they set down",
"*wa-yaʿal*": "waw consecutive + qal imperfect, 3rd person masculine singular - and he went up",
"*ʾeḇyāṯār*": "proper noun - Abiathar",
"*ʿaḏ*": "preposition - until",
"*tōm*": "infinitive construct - finishing/completing",
"*la-ʿăḇôr*": "preposition + qal infinitive construct - to cross over",
"*min*": "preposition - from",
"*hā-ʿîr*": "definite article + feminine singular noun - the city"
},
"variants": {
"*hinnēh*": "behold/look/see",
"*nōśəʾîm*": "carrying/bearing/lifting",
"*ʾărôn bərîṯ hā-ʾĕlōhîm*": "ark of covenant of God/ark of God's covenant",
"*yaṣṣiqû*": "set down/placed/put",
"*yaʿal*": "went up/ascended/climbed",
"*ʿaḏ-tōm*": "until completion/until finished",
"*la-ʿăḇôr*": "to cross over/to pass through"
}
}